Abstract: Heat loss and evaporation from contained bodies of water are reduced by generating a cured polysiloxane foam on the surface of the water. The foam is formed by reacting an organohydrogenpolysiloxane with the water in the presence of a rhodium catalyst or an inhibited or chelated platinum catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to heavy duty laundry detergent compositions comprising a water-soluble mixture of paraffin sulfonate detergent, olefin sulfonate detergent and sodium silicate plus a water-insoluble molecular sieve or colloidal silica.

Abstract: A chemical seal for isolating the liquid phase of a contained liquid from the vapor phase present in the container headspace comprises a chemically impregnated gel formed by mixing a biopolymer gel, a high molecular weight polymer and chemical impregnants with water to form a gel-forming aqueous solution which is applied to the surface of the contained liquid and allowed to solidify thereby forming a mechanically stable, chemically impregnated gel seal in intimate contact with the contained liquid.

Abstract: A tar inhibitor coated layer formed on a wall of a combustion device inhibiting the formation of tar caused by combustion of oil, which coated layer comprises a porous binder, a reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a metal and a metallic salt, and optionally an alkaline metallic salt incorporated in said porous binder.

Abstract: A procedure is provided for the production of clean, dustless particulate granules from dusty, dirty particles by treatment with a composition comprising a liquid polymeric substance, illustratively, epoxidized soybean oil, and a solid, low molecular weight polymer having a melting point in the range of about 95.degree. to 105.degree. C., illustratively, a polyethylene vinyl acetate copolymer in the proportions of from 1 part of solid polymer to 1 part of liquid polymeric substance to 2 parts of solid polymer to 1 part of liquid polymeric substance. In one modification of the procedure, the ingredients were charged to a Papenmeir mixer and the mixer was run at 1500 RPM until a temperature of 95.degree. C. was reached. The resulting product comprised clean, dustless uniform beads.

Abstract: Particulate washing and bleaching compositions containing a peroxy compound and an alkali carbonate have their tendency to cake during storage reduced by incorporating within the compositions an alkaline aryl sulphonate, such as sodium methyl naphthalene sulphonate, and a water-insoluble inorganic compound, such as magnesium trisilicate. The compositions can be used for washing and bleaching textiles and fibers and cleaning hard surfaces.

Abstract: Significant enhancement of titanium dioxide recovery from a titaniferous ore is achieved by improving the efficiency of the comminution of the ore with the use of polyols of the formula:R--C--R'OH).sub.3wherein R is alkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), or hydroxyalkyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) containing up to 3 hydroxy groups, and wherein R' is alkylene (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4).

Abstract: A dry composition is described which can be converted to an anti-sticking composition for unvulcanized rubber by dispersion in water, consisting essentially of a film forming clay (bentonite or attapulgite), a surfactant and an additive capable of inactivating calcium and magnesium ions (e.g. polyphosphate); optionally, there may be present a defoamer, and up to equal parts by volume, based on a film forming clay, of a filler to speed drying.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing organic surface active agents, water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange materials, sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 : alkali metal oxide weight ratio of from about 1.4:1 to 2.3:1, and a hydratable salt of a water-soluble weak organic acid. The composition is produced by drying an aqueous slurry. The resulting composition is an effective laundry detergent in the form of crisp, free-flowing granules which are highly soluble when made and which maintain their solubility on aging.

Abstract: Potassium silicate solutions combined with silanes that contain a hydrophilic functionality can be spray dried effectively to provide free-flowing powdered products.

Abstract: Gramophone records are prepared from a vinyl polymer composition containing a fatty acid soap of an alkaline earth metal or zinc, sugar or polyol fatty acid esters and fatty acid mixed glycerides and is free of heavy metal ions.

Abstract: A polyvinyl chloride composition for use in extrusion moulding contains an alkaline earth metal or zinc soap of one or more fatty acids having an iodine value of from 20-60 as the only stabilizer, a lubricant and is lead-free.

Abstract: A method of treating stored coal to prevent dusting and reduce moisture penetration of the coal, comprising forming a hardened crust of a hydrated calcium sulfate containing composition over the exposed surface of the coal pile. The calcium sulfate product produced from the fluid bed combustion of coal in the presence of limestone is particularly useful.

Abstract: A non-lumping, non-dusting free-flowing cyanuric chloride is provided by adding thereto 0.1 to 5% of finely divided tribasic calcium phosphate. The composition reduces the fumes and dust associated with handling of cyanuric chloride and is compatible with the further synthesis of cyanuric chloride to herbicides and optical brighteners.

Abstract: A free flowing phosphate-free particulate heavy duty laundry detergent is comprised of particles of a mixture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate having nonionic detergent in the interior and on the surface thereof, to which is adhered a coating of smaller particles of ion exchanging zeolite. The product made is exceptionally free flowing and, although the particles are relatively large, is also of high bulk density (over 0.6 g./cc.). Also within the invention is a method of making such products by contacting the particles of mixed sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate with a normally liquid or pasty nonionic detergent in the liquid state so that the detergent is largely absorbed by the particles and coats the surfaces thereof, which are then coated with powdered zeolite which adheres to the surface nonionic of the particles and makes them free flowing.

Abstract: A method and composition for forming a thin film of evaporation retarding agent upon a water surface by applying to the water, solid macroscopic particles of a saturated, aliphatic, interface-active hydrocarbon in solid solution with a spreading agent, e.g., a polyethylene glycol, that is soluble in both water and the hydrocarbon. Preferably, the particles are admixed with solid macroscopic particles of a filler material capable of generating a gas upon contact with water and compacted into a tablet, pellet or other solid unitary form for application to a water surface.

Abstract: Living plants, in particular coniferous plants, with the exception of Picea, Abies, Tsuga, Larix, Taxus and Cedrus genuses, are preserved by having them suck up a preservative liquid which is based on glycerin and water in volume proportions of 18:82 to 35:65 and contains dyestuffs for replacing the color of the plant parts after preservation. The dyestuffs are to comprise, apart from a blue and possibly also a red dyestuff, tartrazine (C.I. 19140, E102) in a concentration of from 2-10 g/l of preservative liquid. The blue dyestuff comprises preferably patent blue V (C.I. 42051, E131) in a concentration of from 0.1 to 0.8 g/l and the red dyestuff most preferably of new coccine (C.I. 16255, E124) in a concentration of from 1 to 20 g/l. The relative concentrations between the different dyestuffs are adapted into conformity with the sought-for color of the preserved plant.

Abstract: A water retardant composition comprising a mixture of a low density granular mineral material coated with a water repellant material, and a finally divided limestone or other carbonate or silicate mineral particles also coated with a water repellant material. The low density granular mineral material is preferably selected from the group consisting of expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, expanded shale and pumice rock. The carbonate or silicate mineral particles are preferably selected from the group consisting of talc, clay, sericite, unexpanded perlite, magnesium silicate and aluminum silicate. Preferably, the low density granular mineral material is coated with a silicone or asphalt, while the limestone or other carbonate or silicate mineral material is preferably coated with a silicone or a salt of stearic acid.

Abstract: Granular detergent compositions containing alkali metal polyphosphates are prepared by spraying an aqueous sodium silicate solution onto anhydrous alkali metal polyphosphates and optionally onto other dry ingredients, said aqueous sodium silicate solution containing from about 2% to about 20% by weight of a hydratable salt.

Abstract: Magnesium stearate is added to dry blended detergent or detergent additive compositions in order to disperse the compositions in wash water and prevent the formation of large insoluble lumps when the formulation is used in cold washing water, generally below 75.degree. F. The formulations also include a major proportion of one or more unhydrated or partially hydrated hydratable detergent builder salts, at least half of which is sodium carbonate, together with up to 30% by weight of a synthetic detergent active compound or mixture of such compounds.

Abstract: Caking of potassium chloride and sodium chloride in the particle size range of 20 mesh and finer is inhibited by adding one or more alkaline earth or multi-valent metal salts of lignosulfonate in an amount by weight within the range of about 1% to about 20% to the potassium chloride or sodium chloride.

Abstract: Detergent compositions containing organic surface active agents, water-insoluble aluminosilicate ion exchange materials, sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 :alkali metal oxide weight ratio of from about 1.4:1 to 1.9:1, and a hydratable salt of a water-soluble weak organic acid. The composition is produced by drying an aqueous slurry. The resulting composition is an effective laundry detergent in the form of crisp, free-flowing granules which are highly soluble when made and which maintain their solubility on aging.

Abstract: Agglomerated granular detergent compositions containing at least about 10% sodium tripolyphosphate on an anhydrous basis and from 4% to 20% of an alkoxylated nonionic surfactant are prepared by spraying on or otherwise adding an aqueous sodium silicate solution as an agglomerating agent. The rate of hydration of the sodium tripolyphosphate and the degree of agglomeration of the granular detergent composition is controlled by addition of a portion of the total surfactant to one or more dry ingredients other than a major part of the sodium tripolyphosphate and the addition of another portion of the surfactant to the major part of the sodium tripolyphosphate concurrent with or subsequent to the addition of the agglomerating agent to the sodium tripolyphosphate.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards an improved sealing solution and in particular anti-graffiti solutions. The solution is formed by combining a suitable polyvinyl alcohol with a solution or emulsion of acrylic resin to form a partially cross-linked shared polyvinyl alcohol/acrylic resin, catalyzed by exposure to heat and/or light. The properties of the solution are enhanced by the addition of a zinc complex solution containing zinc tetramine and/or an aldehyde donor such as formaldehyde or glyoxal.

Abstract: A method and composition for forming a thin film of evaporation retarding agent upon a water surface by applying to the water, solid macroscopic particles of a saturated, aliphatic, interface-active hydrocarbon in solid solution with a spreading agent, e.g., a polyethylene glycol, that is soluble in both water and the hydrocarbon. Preferably, the particles are admixed with solid macroscopic particles of a filler material capable of generating a gas upon contact with water and compacted into a tablet, pellet or other solid unitary form for application to a water surface.

Abstract: A process for improving the physical properties of granular detergents comprises making fine particles of calcium sulfite adhere uniformly onto the surface of the granular detergent. The amount of said calcium sulfite particles to be thus applied is in the range of from about 0.5 to about 5 wt.% relative to the granular detergent, and about 70 wt.% or less of this amount may be replaced with fine particles of alumino silicate. The applicable average particle diameter of calcium sulfite to be made to adhere onto granular detergent is less than about 4 .mu. and that of aluminosilicate is less than about 5 .mu..

Abstract: Caking of industrial alkali metal chlorides and mixtures containing them in storage is prevented and a flowable product is obtained by adding a hydrophilic and/or a hydrophobic material, in combination with a complex iron cyanide, on a hydroxyl group containing carrier to produce a permanent moisture content of at least 0.01 weight percent of water on the salt.

Abstract: A detergent additive is prepared by adsorbing a nonionic detergent active compound onto finely divided calcium carbonate, to facilitate the processing of detergent compositions. The additive is preferably employed in detergent compositions with alkali metal carbonate detergency builders, where the calcium carbonate tends to improve detergency and decrease deposits on washed fabrics.

Abstract: Caking of industrial alkali metal chlorides and mixtures containing them in storage is prevented and a flowable product is obtained by adding a hydrophilic and/or a hydrophobic material, in combination with a complex iron cyanide, on a hydroxyl group containing carrier to produce a permanent moisture content of at least 0.01 weight percent of water on the salt.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for improving the stability and form of substantially anhydrous sodium metasilicate, and the compositions containing same, and the resulting products. According to the invention, sodium metasilicate is treated with at least one gluconic compound. The present invention is used in particular for detergent compositions.

Abstract: Enzyme-marumes are rendered less sticky and better sievable by dusting them with MgO or MgO/MgCO.sub.3 as dusting powder.

Abstract: A process for producing a spray-dried detergent composition containing a water-insoluble aluminosilicate. Sodium carbonate and a water-soluble salt of an organic compound having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms substituted with a sulfate or sulfonate group and at least one carboxyl group are added to an aqueous slurry containing the aluminosilicate and an organic detergent. Granules produced by spray-drying the aqueous slurry are crisp and free-flowing.

Abstract: A coherent, weak agglomerated dustless solid particulate mass is formed from a mixture of discrete particles in the size range from less than about 1 micron to about 2,000 microns, and fibrillatable polytetrafluoroethylene (hereinafter referred to as PTFE) in an amount from about 0.02, but less than 1 percent and preferably less than 0.75 percent by weight based on total solids, by working the mixture in a dry or relatively dry state with a working action in an unconfined zone at a temperature in excess of 20.degree. C., but below the sintering temperature of PTFE or a temperature deleterious to said particles, whichever is lower, without changing the primary particle size range of the material.

Abstract: A method for preventing adhesion of rubber or rubber-like material to adjacent surfaces comprises treating a surface of rubber or rubber-like material with an aqueous solution of at least one water soluble aromatic compound having at least one --SO.sub.2 -- group. A surface active agent may be included coexistently in the aqueous solution.

Abstract: Strong, stable, free-flowing agglomerates of sodium carbonate peroxide are produced by contacting rotary agitated sodium carbonate peroxide with an aqueous agglomerating solution having a viscosity of at least 30 centipoise and containing less than 20% by weight agglomerating agent.

Abstract: There is prepared a powdery anticaking agent for inorganic salts based on (A) an iron cyanide complex, (B) a water insoluble inorganic, inert, finely divided hydroxyl group containing material or a material able to form this in the production of the anticaking agent, (C) hydrophobizing and/or (D) hydrophilizing materials in which (A), (C) and/or (D) are employed on component (B) as a carrier together with (E) water in an amount of 20 to 50 weight percent, preferable 35 to 45 weight percent. The composition is prepared by intensively mixing the carrier (B) in the corresponding ratio in the dry state with the active materials at room temperature and then adding to this mixture so much water that the active components go into solution and as such are absorbed on the carrier and regulating the pH to 7 to 9, preferably 7 to 8.

Abstract: Sodium percarbonate is stabilized by mixing therein sodium perborate and a hydrophobic liquid organic compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions which are free-flowing, non-caking blends of liquid partially etherified methylolated melamines useful as tire cord adhesion promoters; more particularly, blends of liquid methyl ethers of methylolated melamines, carbon black and inert silica fillers.

Abstract: A fire-fighting foam-compatible powder containing a fire-extinguishing powder and from 0.1% to 5% of a partially-hydrophobic powdered silica, having a surface area of at least 10 square meters per gram, and carrying a surface treatment with a silane, wherein the degree of hydrophobicity measured by the methanol titration test is in the range of 3 to 35.

Abstract: A liquid anti-stick coating composition for coating and detackifying solid articles of uncured elastomeric materials, such as uncured rubber pellets, initially having sticky or tacky surface properties. The composition basically consists of an aqueous slurry containing a substantial proportion of finely divided particles of a kaolin clay, a sufficient amount of a water-soluble soap to provide bridging and tieing between the charge sites on the kaolin particles and the tacky surfaces of the uncured articles to thereby adhere a layer of a kaolin particles to the tacky surfaces, and a sufficient amount of water to disperse the clay particles. The coating composition may also include a dispersing and viscosity improving component such as sodium polyphosphate or a mixture of the latter and sodium sulfate for the purpose of maintaining the clay particles in suspension and maintaining the viscosity of the slurry at a workable level.

Abstract: A mixture of non-agglomerated particles of condensed phosphate salt, detergent builder salt and solid chlorine-releasing agent are agglomerated (i.e. formed into composite, enlarged particles) on an inclined, generally planar sliding bed. The residence time in the agglomerator can be reduced below 2 minutes and even below one minute with no adverse effect upon chlorine stability or anti-caking properties, if at least about two moles of water (e.g. more than about 8 or 9 wt. % water) are added to each mole of condensed phosphate used in the composition prior to the time the condensed phosphate contacts the sliding bed. The resulting agglomerated particles which emerge from the agglomerator generally contain less than 25 wt. % moisture and are relatively free-flowing. They are conveyed to a drying zone and raised to a temperature of at least about 33.degree. C. in order to substantially eliminate unbound moisture and to decompose any thermally unstable hydrates (e.g.

Abstract: A non-phosphate built granular detergent composition is prepared which exhibits a free-flowing character resulting from the addition to the composition of benzoate salts as an anti-caking aid.