Abstract: Through employment of a binder component, tin hydroxide powder serving as a conductive powder, and a high-refractive index powder; through dispersal of tin hydroxide powder and light-transmission-ensuring microparticles in a binder component at a predetermined ratio; and through employment of a specific binder component and, as a conductive powder, tin hydroxide powder and a conductive powder other than tin hydroxide powder at a predetermined ratio, there can be provided a composition which can form a transparent conductive film that exhibits excellent antistatic effect, and has very high visible light transmittance and provides transmitted images with natural hue by virtue of no color absorption wherein, if desired, the film also exhibits excellent scratch resistance and high antiglare effect, or the refractive index of the film can be controlled; such a transparent conductive film, and a display having such a transparent conductive film on a screen thereof.

Abstract: Compositions consisting of a mixture of filamentary nickel powder(s) and a thermosetting epoxy resin form the basis of anisotropic conductive materials. The filamentary nickel powder has a three-dimensional chain-like network structure. When such filamentary nickel powder is dispersed in a polymer thin film, such as an epoxy resin, it exhibits anisotropic conductivity.

Abstract: Compositions for improved liquid deposition of active material in manufacturing processes of electronic devices are provided. The compositions comprise at least one active material for liquid deposition, at least one first solvent, at least one second solvent, and at least one third solvent, with a fourth solvent optional. The solvents are selected on the basis of their co-miscibility, ability to form a composition with each other and with active material without significant precipitation of active material from the composition, and at least one of the solvents having a surface tension equal to or less than that of the substrate upon which active material is to be deposited.

Abstract: A composition containing a polymer having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and a structural unit represented by the following formula (2), and a fullerene with a carbon number of 70 or more or a fullerene derivative having a fullerene skeleton with a carbon number of 70 or more: wherein, Q, R, R1 and R2 each independently denote a hydrogen atom, and so on.

Abstract: Disclosed is an energy storage device having electrodes containing mineral microtubules. The electrodes may be formed, for example, from a paste containing microtubules, a conductive polymer containing mineral microtubules, or an aerogel containing the mineral microtubules. The mineral microtubules may be filled with carbon, a pseudocapacitance material, or a magnetoresistive material. The mineral microtubules may also be coated with a photoconductive material.

Abstract: The present invention involves the interaction of radiation with functionalized carbon nanotubes that have been incorporated into various host materials, particularly polymeric ones. The present invention is directed to chemistries, methods, and apparatuses which exploit this type of radiation interaction, and to the materials which result from such interactions. The present invention is also directed toward the time dependent behavior of functionalized carbon nanotubes in such composite systems.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a liquid crystal display which reduces unsatisfactory display caused by distorted initial alignment direction in a liquid crystal alignment layer for IPS type displays, realizes stable liquid crystal alignment, is high in mass-productivity, and produces high-quality images of increased contrast ratio. The liquid crystal display contains alignment layers 109 placed between a pair of substrates 101 and 102, at least one of which is transparent, liquid crystal layer 110? sealed between the alignment layers, common electrode 103 and source electrode 105 for applying an electrical field to the liquid crystal layer, thin-film transistors connected to each of these electrodes, polarizer plate 114 provided on at least one of the substrates, wherein at least one of the alignment layers 109 is composed of a photo-reactive polyimide and/or polyamic acid which can be provided with a liquid crystal alignment capacity by being irradiated with essentially linearly polarized light.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus and a method of use for a top-down directional solidification system, such as for casting solar grade silicon. The invention includes a vessel with a pressure relieving device to prevent pressure build up in the liquid as the solidification front advances from a downward direction. The invention also includes a drain to remove impurities, such as the concentration in the remaining liquid phase as casting nears completion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of mixtures which comprise compounds D-A in which D is a donor moiety and A is an acceptor moiety, especially to the use of mixtures which comprise compounds D-A and fullerene derivatives, for producing photoactive layers for organic solar cells and organic photodetectors, to corresponding organic solar cells and organic photodetectors, and to mixtures which comprise compounds D-A and fullerene derivatives.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an IBIIIAVIA-group amorphous compound used for thin-film solar cells is provided. A mixture solution including elements of Group IB, IIIA, VIA or combinations thereof is provided. The mixture solution is heated and filtered. IBIIIAVIA-group amorphous powders are acquired after drying the heated and filtered mixture solution.

Abstract: the invention provides a composition having laser engraving properties, comprising a host material and a laser enhancing additive. The host material comprises a material, such as a polymer, modified by a first process, whereby the host material as modified by the first process has increased thermal conductivity as compared to the host material before the first process. The laser enhancing additive comprises a first quantity of at least one of copper potassium iodide (CuKI3), Copper Iodide (CuI), potassium iodide (KI), sodium iodide (NaI), and aluminum iodide (AlI), and a second quantity of at least one substance selected from the group consisting of zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium sulfide (BaS), alkyl sulfonate, and thioester.

Abstract: A photosensitive quantum dot including a quantum dot, and a plurality of photosensitive moieties that are bound to a surface of the quantum dot, wherein each of the photosensitive moieties includes silicon (Si) and a photosensitive functional group. Also disclosed are a composition for forming a quantum dot-containing pattern, where the composition includes the photosensitive quantum dot, and a method of forming a quantum dot-containing pattern using the composition.

Abstract: A photocatalyst which has high catalytic activity, is nontoxic, has a long life, can utilize visible light as it is for photocatalytic reactions, and is useful especially for hydrogen generation; and a process for producing the same. The photocatalyst comprises cadmium sulfide, has a capsule structure, wherein platinum is supported thereto. It can be obtainable by bubbling H2S gas into a liquid to which particles of cadmium oxide have been added.

Abstract: A composition for electrode formation containing metal nanoparticles dispersed in a dispersion medium, wherein the composition also comprises one or more organic polymers selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidones, polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymers, polyvinyl alcohols, and cellulose ethers.

Abstract: A composite material and related methods are described, the composite material configured to exhibit at least one of a negative effective permittivity and a negative effective permeability for incident radiation of at least one wavelength. The composite material comprises an arrangement of electromagnetically reactive cells of small dimension relative to the wavelength, each cell having a plurality of quantum dots associated therewith for enhancing a resonant response thereof to the incident radiation at the wavelength.

Abstract: A nanocrystal capable of light emission includes a nanoparticle having photoluminescence having quantum yields of greater than 30%.

Abstract: The present invention provides a conductive polymer composition for radiographic imaging prepared by mixing a photosensitive compound, such as a carbon nanotube, a photodegradable dopant, a photocuririg agent, an organic electron acceptor including a halogen atom, a Lewis basic dopant, and a pseudodopant, with a conductive polymer, the conductive polymer composition for radiographic imaging showing an electrical resistance variation amplified by radiation. When a photosensitive compound is mixed with a conductive polymer in accordance with the present invention, it is possible to effectively amplify the electrical resistance variation of the thus obtained composition by radiation, and thus it is possible to effectively detect and record radiation of low dose. That is, when the amplified electrical resistance variation is processed into an electrical signal, it is possible to facilitate the detection and recording of radiation, i.e.

Abstract: Provided are a photo-induced metal-insulator-transition (MIT) material complex for a solar cell which can be used to manufacture highly efficient solar cells with more carriers than an impurity solar cell, and a solar cell including the MIT material complex, and a solar cell module. The solar cell includes: a substrate; a lower electrode formed on the substrate; a photo-induced MIT material complex formed on the lower electrode, wherein electrons and holes are formed when light is incident on n-type and p-type metal conductors that are bonded to each other, and the electrons and holes in an intrinsic energy level or gap become carriers, and a potential difference is generated; an anti-reflection layer formed on the MIT material complex; and an upper electrode that is formed to pass through the anti-reflection layer and to contact the MIT material complex.

Abstract: A conductive composition having a transparent and colorless appearance under normal or ambient lighting and at least a dyed, translucent or fluorescent appearance under artificial lighting is provided. The composition includes a photo-reactive quantity of a dye-marker.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optoelectronic and/or electrochemical devices comprising an organic charge transporting material which is liquid at a temperature of ?180° C. In particular in dye-sensitised solar cells, quantum efficiency higher than with prior art solid organic hole-transporters is reported. The melting point of a large quantity of organic charge transporting materials may be adjusted to a desired value by selecting suitable substituents. Accordingly, general advantages of the liquid state may be associated with the properties of organic charge transporting materials.

Abstract: An active element that is based on an electret emulsion and that comprises particles of pre-polarized electret material as emulsion in neutral liquid and both poles of the particles are coloured with different colours. For producing a neutral carrier liquid for the active element liquid fluorine carbon is used. For producing electret material for the active element solid polymerised fluorine carbon or electret wax is used. The active element is used for producing visual matrix displays, indicators, surfaces and surface coatings that change colour by the application of a control voltage.

Abstract: The present invention discloses composite materials for distant laser sensing in the infrared spectral region. The composites are disclosed to consist of the conductive polymer, the infrared active compound and the thermoplastic matrix polymer.

Abstract: An iridium-containing group II-VI compound phosphor capable of efficiently emitting light without any economical problems or problems in energy efficiency or color purity is provided. A method for producing the phosphor is also provided. The phosphor comprises iridium and a group II-VI compound semiconductor, and the iridium is uniformly dispersed in surfaces of phosphor particles and in an inside of the phosphor particles. The method for producing the iridium-containing phosphor comprises firing an inorganic composition containing a group II-VI compound semiconductor and an iridium compound, and an iridium complex salt is used as the iridium compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides photoactive materials that include inorganic nanostructures comprising a Group IV semiconductor in combination with electron-transporting, conjugated small molecules, carbon nanostructures, or both. The carbon nanostructures or conjugated small molecules may be selected such that the inorganic nanostructures and the carbon nanostructures (and/or the small molecules) exhibit a type II band offset. The photovoltaic materials are well-suited for use as the active layer in photoactive devices, including photovoltaic devices, photoconductors, and photodetectors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for production of an asymmetric binuclear metal complex represented by the general formula: (L1)2M1(BL)M2(L2)2(X)n wherein M1 and M2, which may be the same as or different from each other, represent a transition metal; L1 and L2, which are different from each other, represent a chelate ligand capable of multidentate coordination and two L1s may be different from each other and two L2s may be different from each other; BL represents a bridging ligand having at least two cyclic structures each containing a hetero atom, the hetero atoms contained in the cyclic structures being ligand atoms coordinating to M1 and M2; X represents a counter ion; and n is the number of counter ions needed to neutralize the charge of the complex. In the process, the binuclear metal complex is isolated by adjusting the pH of the solution containing the binuclear metal complex to a value higher than 2.5.

Abstract: A liquid crystalline organic semiconductor material, having a compound having at least one bonding form selected from the group consisting of (p-type organic semiconductor compound residue)-(n-type organic semiconductor compound residue)-(p-type organic semiconductor compound residue), and (n-type organic semiconductor compound residue)-(p-type organic semiconductor compound residue)-(n-type organic semiconductor compound residue).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light-transmitting electric conductor including, on a surface of a light-transmitting support, a conductive material in which a multiplicity of carbon nanolinear structures are accumulated in two dimensions while making partial contact with each other, wherein the conductive material is a light-transmitting conductive material composed only of the carbon nanolinear structures, and direct bonds are formed between the surface of the light-transmitting support and the carbon nanolinear structures making contact with the surface, and between the carbon nanolinear structures making contact with each other.

Abstract: Nonconjugated conductive polymers have a ratio of double bonds to total bonds of less than ½ are used to produce compositions with unexpected non-linear optical characteristics in this invention. Large third order optical effects including quadratic electro-optic effect and two-photon absorption have been measured in nonconjugated conductive polymers after doping the polymers. Among the nonconjugated polymers are styrene-butadiene-rubber copolymer (SBR), poly(?-pinene), poly(ethylene-pyrrolediyl) derivative, polynorbornene, cis-1,4 polyisoprene and trans-1,4 polyisoprene. The enhancement of the non-linear optical effect is due to the special charge-transfer complex structure and formation of nano-optical domains. Among the doping materials are electron acceptors such as iodine and antimony pentachloride.

Abstract: Photovoltaic materials and methods of photovoltaic cell fabrication provide a photovoltaic cell in the form of a fiber. These fibers may be formed into a flexible fabric or textile.

Abstract: A photosensitive paste composition is provided. The photosensitive paste composition contains conductive powder, an inorganic binder, and an organic vehicle, wherein, assuming that 10% by weight of the particles consisting the conductive powder have a diameter less than D10 and 90% by weight of the particles have a diameter greater than D90, a difference between D10 and D90 is about 2.0 ?m or less. The photosensitive paste composition solves problems arising with use of conductive powder having a broad particle diameter distribution and satisfy requirements for an electrode's main characteristics, such as resistance, the anti-sanding property of terminal portions, and withstanding voltage characteristic. In addition, a PDP electrode using the photosensitive paste composition and a PDP including the PDP electrode can be manufactured.

Abstract: The present invention provides semiconductor nanoparticles which emit light at room temperature and include a sulfide or oxide containing zinc, a Group 11 element in the periodic table, and a Group 13 element in the periodic table as a main component or a sulfide or oxide containing a Group 11 element in the periodic table and a Group 13 element in the periodic table as a main component. For example, the semiconductor nanoparticles are represented by Zn(1-2x)InxAgxS (O<x?0.5).

Abstract: Provided are a photocatalyst which is high in catalytic activity, is nontoxic, has a long life, allows visible light to be used directly for its photocatalytic reaction and is especially useful for hydrogen generation, and a process for producing it. It contains a cadmium compound, has a capsular structure, has an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less and can be manufactured by dropping a solution of a cadmium salt into a solution of a sodium compound or admixing a solution of a sodium compound in a suspension of particles of a cadmium compound.

Abstract: A material is disclosed which possesses at least two of the following characteristics: (a) is optically transparent at a wavelength in the range from about 1500 nm to about 1560 nm; (b) has a 1/n dn/dt greater than that of silicon, (c) has an extinction coefficient, k, less than 10?3. In certain preferred embodiments, the material has the following characteristics: (a) 1/n dn/dt greater than that of silicon, and (b) an extinction coefficient, k, less than 10?3 at 1550 nm. In another aspect, a material comprising semiconductor nanocrystals, wherein the semiconductor nanocrystals are capable of displaying thermo-optic effects in bulk form and being sufficiently non-absorbing at a predetermined wavelength to be optically transparent at that wavelength is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, the predetermined wavelength is about 1550 nm. Thin film, optical filters, and devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided an anti-reflective coating forming composition for use in a lithography and for forming an anti-reflective coating that can be developed with an alkaline developer for photoresist, and a method for forming photoresist pattern by use of the anti-reflective coating forming composition. Concretely, the composition comprises a polyamic acid produced from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride compound and a diamine compound having at least one carboxyl group, a compound having at least two epoxy groups, and a solvent.

Abstract: This invention provides a blue phosphor, which has higher blue brightness and larger half-value width in an emission spectrum as compared with the conventional rare earth-activated sialon phosphor and has better durability as compared with the conventional oxide phosphor. The phosphor comprises a metal element M, wherein M represents Ce, dissolved as a solid solute in a nitride or oxynitride crystal having a ?-type Si3N4 crystal structure, an AlN crystal structure, or an AlN polytype structure, and emits fluorescence having a peak in a wavelength region of 450 nm to 500 nm upon exposure to light from an excitation source.

Abstract: Disclosed are aluminum pastes comprising particulate aluminum, a zinc-organic component and an organic vehicle and their use in forming p-type aluminum back electrodes of silicon solar cells.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for manipulating light using nanoscale cometal structures are disclosed. A nanoscale optics apparatus for manipulating light includes a plurality of nanoscale cometal structures each comprising a dielectric material located between a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor. A method of fabricating a nanoscale optics apparatus for manipulating light includes preparing a plurality of nanoscale planar structures; coating a plurality of planar surfaces of the plurality of planar structures with a dielectric while leaving space between the plurality of planar surfaces; and coating the dielectric with an outer electrical conductor layer, wherein a portion of the outer electrical conductor layer is located between the planar structures to form coplanar structures.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the field of quasicrystalline structures. In preferred embodiments, the stopgap structure is more spherically symmetric than periodic structures facilitating the formation of stopgaps in nearly all directions because of higher rotational symmetries. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of quasicrystalline structures for optical, mechanical, electrical and magnetic purposes. In some embodiments, the invention relates to manipulating, controlling, modulating and directing waves including electromagnetic, sound, spin, and surface waves, for a pre-selected range of wavelengths propagating in multiple directions.

Abstract: To be able to form a copper-zinc-tin alloy which optionally comprises at least one chalcogenide and thus forms a semiconductor without the use of toxic substances a metal plating composition for the deposition of a copper-zinc-tin alloy is disclosed, wherein said metal plating composition comprises at least one copper plating species, at lease one zinc plating species, at least one tin plating species and at least one complexing agent and further, if the alloy contains at least one chalcogen, at least one chalcogen plating species.

Abstract: Patterned photovoltaic cells, as well as related components and methods, are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a layer containing inorganic semiconductor particles. According to the invention, the layer containing inorganic semiconductor particles is formed in situ from metal salts and/or metal compounds and a salt-type or organic reactant within a semiconducting organic matrix. The layers containing inorganic semiconductor particles and produced according to the invention enable a simple and cost-effective production process for photovoltaic elements, such as solar cells or photodetectors.

Abstract: A curable organopolysiloxane composition comprises at least the following components: an organopolysiloxane (A) represented by the following general formula: R13SiO(R12SiO)mSiR13 (where R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and “m” is an integer from 0 to 100); an organopolysiloxane (B) represented by the following average unit formula: (R2SiO3/2)a(R22SiO2/2)b(R23SiO1/2)c (where R2 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and “a”, “b”, and “c” are specific numbers); an organopolysiloxane (C) having in one molecule on average at least two silicon-bonded aryl groups and on average at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms; and a hydrosilylation-reaction catalyst (D); is characterized by good fillability and curability and that, when cured, forms a cured body that possesses a high refractive index, high light transmissivity, and strong adhesion to various substrates.

Abstract: Collectors and storage material for solar or other light or heat energy conversion comprising a matrix of conductive material incorporating Europium-containing nanoparticles, and uses therefore are described and provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymer material containing a fluorescent or phosphorescent compound. When used in a light-emitting device, the polymer material enables to obtain a light-emitting device with excellent practicability which can be driven at low voltage and is excellent in luminous efficiency, color tones of emitted light and the like. Specifically disclosed is a polymer material characterized by containing a polymer (A) having a residue of a compound represented by the formula (1) below or the structure of (A), and a molecule (B) exhibiting fluorescence or phosphorescence in the visible region or the structure of (B). (In the formula, ring A, ring B and ring C independently represent an optionally substituted aromatic ring or non-aromatic ring; and Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4 and Z5 independently represent C-(Q)z or a nitrogen atom, wherein Q represents a substituent or a hydrogen atom and z represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: Provided are electron transfer compositions comprising a glassy sugar matrix. Electric batteries, electric circuits, semiconductors, solar cells, thermal detectors, and photo detectors comprising glassy sugar matrices are also provided. Additionally provided are methods of transferring electrons to a redox protein using these compositions.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to the modification of fibers by the growth of films by the Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE) process, which is also commonly referred to as Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The presently disclosed subject matter relates in particular to a process for the modification of the surface and bulk properties of fiber and textile media, including synthetic polymeric and natural fibers and yarns in woven, knit, and nonwoven form by low-temperature ALD.

Abstract: The invention provides ?-conjugated oligomers and polymers. The oligomers and polymers may comprise at least two ?-conjugated amino acid subunits. The oligomers and polymers may contain one or more ?-conjugated amino acid subunits that are optically, electrically or electronically active. The invention also provides optical, electronic and electric devices comprising oligomers and/or polymers having one or more ?-conjugated amino acids that are optically, electrically, or electronically active.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polymeric composition with photovoltaic properties comprises a step of blending, in a solvent, at least one electron donor type semiconductor polymeric material essentially in the form of nanofibrils and at least one electron acceptor type material in the solvent, said nanofibrils representing at least 10% by weight of the electron donor type semiconductor polymeric material, to polymeric compositions with photovoltaic properties, and to photovoltaic cells incorporating such polymeric compositions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide nanomaterial scaffolds for transporting electrons. There is provided a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) architecture employed as a conducting scaffold in semiconductor based photoelectrochemical cells. SWCNT architecture provides a nanotube network to disperse nanoparticles and/or quantum dots, whether ordered or randomized. As a result, an increase in incident photon conversion to charge carrier conversion efficiency (IPCE) represents a beneficial role of SWCNT architecture as a conducting scaffold to facilitate charge collection and charge transport in nanostructured semiconductor films. Embodiments may be used for solar cells based on semiconductor quantum dots and nanostructures, solar hydrogen production, microcapacitors and storage batteries, solar-fuel cell hybrids, etc.

Abstract: A silver salt-containing layer containing a silver salt and provided on a support is exposed and developed to form a metal silver portion and a light-transmitting portion, and then the metal silver portion is further subjected to physical development and/or plating to form a conductive metal portion consisting of the metal silver portion carrying conductive metal particles. A method for producing a light-transmitting electromagnetic wave-shielding film which enables production of an electromagnetic wave-shielding material simultaneously having high EMI-shielding property and high transparency in a fine line pattern and also enables mass production of such films at a low cost, and a light-transmitting electromagnetic wave-shielding film obtained by the production method and free from the problem of moire are provided.