Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a lithium-ion secondary battery having a large charge and discharge capacity and excellent cycle characteristics irrespective of kind and shape of a current collector. The lithium-ion secondary battery comprises an electrode comprising a primer layer for protecting a current collector and a crosslinking agent layer comprising a compound being capable of crosslinking an aqueous binder contained in the primer layer, the both layers being disposed between a current collector and an active material layer comprising a sulfur-based active material.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of compensation for capacity loss resulting from cycle-induced lithium consumption in an electrochemical cell including at least one electrode. Such methods may include adding a lithiation additive to the at least one electrode so as to create a lithium source. The lithium source compensates for cycle-induced lithiation loss such that the electrochemical cell having the lithiation additive experiences total capacity losses of less than or equal to about 5% of an initial capacity prior to cycling of lithium. The lithiation additive includes a lithium silicate represented by the formula LiuHr, where Hr=Liy-uSiOz and where 0?y?3.75 and 0?z?2 and u is a useable portion of y, 0?u?y. The lithium source may include z 4 ? L ? i 4 ? Si ? O 4 and LimSi, where 0?m?4.4.

Abstract: There is provided a positive electrode for a lithium-ion rechargeable battery in which it is possible to achieve both exceptional electrical conductivity and adhesion of an electrode active material to a current collector and it is possible to dramatically improve battery characteristics compared to those in the related art. A positive electrode for a lithium-ion rechargeable battery includes a current collector; and an electrode active material-containing layer provided on the current collector, wherein the electrode active material-containing layer contains active material particles and a conductive material that connects the active material particles to each other; wherein the mass ratio of the active material particles:the conductive material:other components in the electrode active material-containing layer is 95 to 99.7:0.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a composition for a lithium secondary battery electrode which is excellent in dispersibility of an active material and adhesiveness to a current collector and is capable of producing a high-capacity lithium secondary battery. The present invention relates to a composition for a lithium secondary battery electrode including: an active material; a binder; and an organic solvent, the binder containing a polyvinyl acetal resin, the binder having a Na ion content of 100 ppm or less.

Abstract: The positive electrode material for a lithium ion polymer battery of the present invention is active material particles including core particles represented by General Formula LixAyDzPO4 and the carbonaceous film that coats surfaces of the core particles, wherein a paste including the active material particles has a viscosity of 5,000 mPa·s or less when a viscosity of the paste is measured at a shear rate of 4.0 [1/s], wherein the paste is a mixture of the active material particles, an ion-conductive polymer, a conductive auxiliary agent and a solvent, in which the active material particles, the ion-conductive polymer and the conductive auxiliary agent are included in the paste in a mass ratio of 66:30:4, and a total solid content of the paste is 40% by mass.

Abstract: A method for preparing Iron Oxide-hydroxide (FeOOH), and a positive electrode for a lithium-sulfur battery including Iron Oxide-hydroxide. In particular, the preparation of crystalline Iron Oxide-hydroxide, particularly, lepidocrocite (?-FeOOH), by controlling a reaction time and a reaction temperature, and by using the prepared high purity Iron Oxide-hydroxide in a positive electrode of a lithium-sulfur battery, may enhance discharge capacity and lifetime properties of the battery.

Abstract: A fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid having excellent dispersibility of fibrous carbon nanostructures is provided. A fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid comprises: fibrous carbon nanostructures with a tap density of 0.024 g/cm3 or less; and a solvent.

Abstract: A positive-electrode material for a lithium secondary battery is provided. The material includes a lithium oxide compound or a complex oxide as reactive substance. The material also includes at least one type of carbon material, and optionally a binder. A first type of carbon material is provided as a coating on the reactive substance particles surface. A second type of carbon material is carbon black. And a third type of carbon material is a fibrous carbon material provided as a mixture of at least two types of fibrous carbon material different in fiber diameter and/or fiber length. Also, a method for preparing the material as well as lithium secondary batteries including the material is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are a precursor for preparation of a lithium composite transition metal oxide, a method for preparing the same and a lithium composite transition metal oxide obtained from the same. More particularly, the transition metal precursor which has a composition represented by Formula 1 below and is prepared in an aqueous transition metal solution, mixed with a transition metal-containing salt, including an alkaline material, the method for preparing the same and the lithium composite transition metal oxide obtained from the same are disclosed. MnaMb(OH1-x)2-yAy??(1) wherein M is at least one selected form the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Co, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zr, Zn and Period II transition metals; A is at least one selected form the group consisting of anions of PO4, BO3, CO3, F and NO3, and 0.5?a?1.0; 0?b?0.5; a+b=1; 0<x<1.0; and 0?y?0.02.

Abstract: An electrode sheet including a multi-walled carbon nanotube including plural graphene layers, each of which has a trioxotriangulene derivative of formula (1) dispersed therein, where X's are hydrogen, a halogen, or a monovalent organic group, and may be the same as or different from each other.

Abstract: A method to produce high quality single or a few atomic layers thick samples of a topological insulating layered dichalcogenide. The overall process involves grinding layered dichalcogenides, adding them to an ionic liquid, and then using a mechanical method to cause intercalation of the ionic liquid into the van der Waals (VDW) gap between the layers of the metal chalcogenide.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery which includes granulated bodies in which primary particles are aggregated, wherein an average particle diameter of the granulated bodies is 4.50 ?m or more and 6.20 ?m or less, and particle diameters of 90% or more of the granulated bodies are 1.00 ?m or more and 11.00 ?m or less, wherein particle diameters of the granulated bodies are evaluated such that 300 granulated bodies are randomly selected from a view of the granulated bodies using a scanning electron microscope, a plurality of diameters of each of the 300 granulated bodies that pass through a central point thereof are evaluated, and a maximum diameter selected from the plurality of diameters is considered as a particle diameter of each of granulated bodies.

Abstract: A cathode active material for use in high-performance lithium-ion battery, is disclosed. The cathode active material comprises a lithium iron phosphate/sulfonated graphene oxide (LFP/SG) nanocomposite material. The molar ratio of sulfonated graphene oxide (SG) to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) in the cathode active material is 0.1:1. The cathode active material is synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The high-performance lithium-ion battery comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, a separator between the anode plate and the cathode plate, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The cathode plate is composed of a layer of cathode active material, and the cathode active material is lithium iron phosphate/sulfonated graphene oxide (LFP/SG) nanocomposite material. The lithium iron phosphate/sulfonated graphene oxide (LFP/SG) nanocomposite material used for lithium-ion battery possess high rate capability, capacity and cycle stability.

Abstract: Provided is a precursor of a positive electrode active material containing, in a reduced amount, impurities which do not contribute to a charge/discharge reaction but rather corrode a firing furnace and peripheral equipment and thus having excellent battery characteristics and safety, and production method thereof. A method for producing a precursor of a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries having a hollow structure or porous structure includes obtaining the precursor by washing nickel-manganese composite hydroxide particles having a particular composition ratio and a pore structure in which pores are present within the particles with an aqueous carbonate solution having a carbonate concentration of 0.1 mol/L or more.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium-ion secondary battery including: active material particles including central particles represented by general formula LixAyDzPO4 (here, A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cr, D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, and Y, 0.9<x<1.1, 0<y?1, 0?z<1, and 0.9<y+z<1.1) and a carbonaceous film that coats surfaces of the central particles, wherein, when a mixture of the active material particles, a conductive auxiliary agent and a binder in which a mixing ratio thereof is 94:1:5 in terms of a mass ratio is dissolved in a solvent to form paste having a total solid content amount of 45% by mass, a viscosity of the past is 5,000 mPa·s or less at a shear rate of 4.0 [1/s].

Abstract: The present invention provides a positive-electrode active material for a lithium-ion secondary cell, which can effectively exhibit more excellent charge/discharge characteristics; and a method for manufacturing the positive-electrode active material. Namely, the present invention relates to a positive-electrode active material for a secondary cell comprising an oxide represented by formula (A): LifeaMnbMcPO4; and carbon derived from a cellulose nanofiber supported thereon.

Abstract: A spark plug includes: an insulator having an axial hole formed therein in an axial direction; a center electrode extending in the axial direction and having a rear end located within the axial hole; a metal terminal extending in the axial direction and having a front end located rearward of the rear end of the center electrode within the axial hole; a resistor arranged between the center electrode and the metal terminal within the axial hole; and a conductive seal layer that fills a space between the resistor and the center electrode in the axial. The conductive seal layer has a first layer portion located adjacent to the center electrode and a second layer portion located between the first layer portion and the resistor. The second layer portion has a thermal expansion coefficient different from and falling between those of the first layer portion and the resistor.

Abstract: The stretchable circuit board (100) includes: a stretchable base (10); a stretchable wiring portion (20) formed on the stretchable base (10); a reinforcement base (30) having in-plane rigidity higher than that of the stretchable base (10); a draw-out wiring portion (40) formed on the reinforcement base (30), and electrically continuous with the stretchable wiring portion (20); and an elastomer layer (50) formed on the reinforcement base (30). The reinforcement base (30) overlaps with a partial area (10a) of the stretchable base (10). An other area (10b) of the stretchable base (10) is exposed from the reinforcement base (30). The stretchable wiring portion (20) extends on the other area (10b) and over the partial area (10a). The elastomer layer (50) and the stretchable base (10) are layered and joined with each other.

Abstract: A graphene doped with different dopants and a method for preparing the same are disclosed. A method for preparing a multi-doped graphene includes: mixing a metal-based dopant and at least one organic-based dopant to prepare a doping solution; stacking a graphene layer on a substrate; and doping the graphene layer with the doping solution that includes the metal-based dopant and the at least one organic-based dopant. The method allows maintaining the transparency of the prepared graphene and minimizing the sheet resistance of the graphene while not damaging a substrate on which the graphene is stacked.

Abstract: Tin-containing carbon fibers may be produced by centrifugal spinning of a precursor composition that includes a base polymer and a tin-containing compound. The produced fibers are heated at a temperature sufficient to convert at least a portion of the base polymer in the collected fibers into carbon fibers comprising tin.

Abstract: A negative-electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing a silicon material, wherein the negative-electrode active material can constitute a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having high charge capacity, high initial charge/discharge efficiency, and good cycle characteristics. A negative-electrode active material particle according to an embodiment includes a lithium silicate phase represented by Li2zSiO(2+z) {0<z<2} and particles dispersed in the lithium silicate phase. Each of the particles includes a silicon core particle and a surface layer formed of an iron alloy containing Si (FeSi alloy). In an XRD pattern of the negative-electrode active material particle obtained by XRD measurement, a diffraction peak of the FeSi alloy at 2?=approximately 45 degrees has a half-width of 0.40 degrees or more, and a diffraction peak of a Si (111) plane at 2?=approximately 28 degrees has a half-width of 0.40 degrees or more.

Abstract: A solid-state lithium battery in which a thermal stability is improved. The solid-state lithium battery comprises a cathode active material layer containing a cathode active material, an anode active material layer containing an anode active material, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the cathode active material layer and the anode active material layer. The cathode active material is an oxide active material, at least one of the cathode active material layer and the solid electrolyte layer contains a sulfide solid electrolyte material, the sulfide solid electrolyte material comprises a Li element, a P element, a S element, and an I element, and the cathode active material layer contains a specific phosphate ester.

Abstract: A cathode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery satisfies conditions (1) to (5): (1) the cathode active material contains Li, Mn, and Ni and has a spinel structure; (2) a molar ratio of Ni to Mn is in a range from 0.10 to 0.43; (3) a molar ratio of Li to Mn is in a range from 0.70 to 1.80; (4) the cathode active material has a peak in a range of 2?=19.7 to 22.5° in an X-ray diffraction pattern; and (5) the cathode active material has at least one peak in a voltage range of voltage V1 and at least two peaks in a voltage range of voltage V2 in an initial dQ/dV curve of a discharge measured when a half cell is prepared using the cathode active material, V1=2.72 to 2.90 [V] V2=4.50 to 4.80 [V].

Abstract: This invention relates to stable liquid formulations of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin comprising polar solvents that are stabilized with small amounts of compounds which help to reduce the tendency of polar solutions of nitrapyrin to corrode metal surfaces. Many of the formulations disclosed herein exhibit useful physical, chemical, and bioactive properties including reduced levels of corrosion when in contact with ferrous metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, including the steps of (a) preparing a mixture solution by adding a lithium precursor, an iron precursor and a phosphorus precursor in a glycol-based solvent, (b) putting the mixture solution into a reactor, heating and concentrating to prepare a metal glycolate slurry, (c) drying the metal glycolate slurry to form a solid content, and (d) firing the solid content to prepare the lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon, and a lithium iron phosphate nanopowder coated with carbon prepared by the method.

Abstract: A positive-electrode material for a lithium secondary battery. The material includes a lithium oxide compound or a complex oxide as reactive substance. The material also includes at least one type of carbon material, and optionally a binder. A first type of carbon material is provided as a coating on the reactive substance particles surface. A second type of carbon material is carbon black. And a third type of carbon material is a fibrous carbon material provided as a mixture of at least two types of fibrous carbon material different in fiber diameter and/or fiber length. Also, a method for preparing the material as well as lithium secondary batteries including the material.

Abstract: Graphene, a composition for preparing graphene, and a method of preparing graphene using the composition are disclosed.

Abstract: An exemplary embodiment of a synthesis method includes the following acts or steps: providing LiMn2O4 material as a precursor; leaching Mn from the LiMn2O4 material using an acid to form a synthesized solution; adding carbonaceous material to the synthesized solution; adding phosphoric acid to the synthesized solution with carbonaceous material to form MnPO4 composite material; and adding Li containing compound to the MnPO4 composite material to form LiMnPO4 composite material.

Abstract: An electrode material includes inorganic particles of LiFexMn1-x-yMyPO4 and a carbonaceous film coating surfaces of the inorganic particles, and volume of micropores having micropore diameter of 2 to 10 nm is 3 to 11 cm3/g. A method for manufacturing an electrode material includes immersing the inorganic particles in an aqueous solution having pH of 7.0 to 10.0; producing a slurry including the inorganic particles, a carbonaceous film precursor, and water; producing a dried substance of the slurry by drying the slurry; and calcinating the dried substance in a non-oxidative atmosphere of 500° C. to 1,000° C., and an amount of the carbonaceous film precursor blended into 100 parts by mass of the inorganic particles when converted to a carbon element is 1.0 to 5.0 parts by mass. An electrode includes the electrode material. A lithium-ion secondary battery includes a cathode; an anode; and a non-aqueous electrolyte, the cathode being the electrode.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fabricating a film, such as, for example, a photocathode, having a tailored band structure and thin-film components that can be tailored for specific applications, such as, for example photocathode having a high quantum efficiency, and simple components fabricated by those methods.

Abstract: A composite electrode material consisting of a carbon coated complex oxide, fibrous carbon and a binder. Said material is prepared by a method which includes co-grinding an active electrode material and fibrous carbon, and adding a binder to the co-grinded mixture to lower the viscosity of the mixture. The fibrous carbon is preferably vapor grown carbon fibers.

Abstract: An antimony-free glass suitable for use in a frit for producing a hermetically sealed glass package is described. The hermetically sealed glass package, such as an OLED display device, is manufactured by providing a first glass substrate plate and a second glass substrate plate and depositing the antimony-free frit onto the first substrate plate. OLEDs may be deposited on the second glass substrate plate. An irradiation source (e.g., laser, infrared light) is then used to heat the frit which melts and forms a hermetic seal that connects the first glass substrate plate to the second glass substrate plate and also protects the OLEDs. The antimony-free glass has excellent aqueous durability, good flow, low glass transition temperature and low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Abstract: Rapidly curable electrically conductive clear coatings are applied to substrates. The electrically conductive clear coating includes to clear layer having a resinous binder with ultrafine non-stoichiometric tungsten oxide particles dispersed therein. The clear coating may be rapidly cured by subjecting the coating to infrared radiation that heats the tungsten oxide particles and surrounding resinous binder. Localized heating increases the temperature of the coating to thereby thermally cure the coating, while avoiding unwanted heating of the underlying substrate.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a tray that includes a dielectric frame structure, a re-adherable pad and a marking is disclosed. The dielectric frame structure includes a recessed region where the re-adherable pad is formed. A plurality of integrated circuits is placed on a re-adherable surface of the re-adherable pad. The marking on the dielectric frame that is reflective of a given input-output pin position for each integrated circuit in the plurality of integrated circuits in the tray. In addition to that, two methods are also disclosed. First, a method of handling the integrated circuits using the tray is disclosed. Second, a method of forming the tray is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of treating silicon carbide fibers comprises phosphating heat treatment in a reactive gas so as to form a coating around each fiber for protection against oxidation. The coating comprises a surface layer of silicon pyrophosphate crystals and at least one underlying bilayer system comprising a layer of a phosphosilicate glass and a layer of microporous carbon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a curable composition, providing, upon curing, an abrasion-resistant, transparent, antistatic coating, comprising carbon nanotubes and a binder comprising at least one epoxysilane compound, preferably an epoxyalkoxysilane, and optionally fillers such as nanoparticles of non electrically conductive oxides and/or additional binder components such as tetraethoxysilane. The invention further relates to optical articles comprising a substrate, and, starting from the substrate, an abrasion- and/or scratch-resistant coating, and an antistatic coating formed by depositing directly onto said abrasion- and/or scratch-resistant coating the above referred curable composition. The obtained optical articles exhibit antistatic properties, high optical transparency with about 91-92% of transmittance, low haze and improved abrasion resistance.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lithium manganese (Mn)-based oxide including Mn as an essential transition metal and having a layered crystal structure, in which the amount of Mn is greater than that of other transition metal(s), the lithium manganese-based oxide exhibits flat level section characteristics in which release of oxygen occurs together with lithium deintercalation during first charging in a high voltage range of 4.4 V or higher, and at least one of a transition metal layer including Mn and an oxygen layer is substituted or doped with a pillar element.

Abstract: In an aspect, a binder composition for a secondary battery including a first fluoropolymer binder containing a polar functional group; a second fluoropolymer binder that does not contain a polar functional group; and a non fluoropolymer binder is provided.

Abstract: A room temperature-curable electrically conductive fluorosilicone rubber composition comprises: (A) a fluoropolysiloxane capped at the molecular terminals with hydroxyl groups having a viscosity at 25° C. of from 1,000 to 1,000,000 mPa·s; (B) fine silica powder having a BET specific surface area of not less than 50 m2/g; (C) a carbon black; (D) a fibrous carbon allotrope having a graphene structure; and (E) a crosslinking agent. Component (D) is comprised in an amount of not less than 1.5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of component (A). The room temperature-curable electrically conductive fluorosilicone rubber composition is cured to form a cured product having both superior post-cure physical strength and electrical conductivity. Also, the room temperature-curable electrically conductive fluorosilicone rubber composition has viscosity that enables superior handling, and provides superior post-cure surface smoothness, solvent resistance, and adhesion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recycling LiFePO4, which is an olivine-based cathode material for a lithium secondary battery. The present invention is characterized in that a cathode material including LiFePO4 is synthesized using, as precursors, amorphous FePO4.XH2O and crystalline FePO4.2H2O (metastrengite) obtained by chemically treating LiFePO4 as an olivine-based cathode material for a lithium secondary battery, which is produced from a waste battery. Since a cathode fabricated from the LiFePO4 cathode material synthesized according to the present invention does not deteriorate the capacity, output characteristics, cycle efficiency and performance of the secondary battery and the cathode material of the lithium secondary battery may be recycled, the secondary battery is economically efficient.

Abstract: A process for producing nanocomposite materials for use in batteries includes electroactive materials are incorporated within a nanosheet host material. The process may include treatment at high temperatures and doping to obtain desirable properties.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a process to synthesize nanostructures of a uniform size distribution and/or morphology, nanostructures resulting therefrom, and the use of the nanostructures in energy storage devices.

Abstract: A positive-electrode material for a lithium secondary battery which includes a lithium oxide compound or a complex oxide as reactive substance. The material also includes at least one type of carbon material, and optionally a binder. A first type of carbon material is provided as a coating on the reactive substance particles surface. A second type of carbon material is carbon black. And a third type of carbon material is a fibrous carbon material a mixture of at least two types of fibrous carbon material different in fiber diameter and/or fiber length. Also, a method for preparing the material as well as lithium secondary batteries including the material.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processing techniques and systems of metal fluoride based material, including but not limited to nickel difluoride, copper difluoride, manganese fluoride, chromium fluoride, bismuth fluoride, iron trifluoride, iron difluoride, iron oxyfluoride, metal doped iron fluorides, e.g., FexM1-xFy (M=metals, which can be Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Mn, Bi and Ti) materials. An exemplary implementation involves mixing a first compound comprising a metal material, nitrogen, and oxygen to a second compound comprising hydrogen fluoride. The mixed compound is milled to form metal fluoride precursor and a certain byproduct. The byproduct is removed, and the metal fluoride precursor is treated to form iron trifluoride product. There are other embodiments as well.

Abstract: An electroconductive particle having a core particle and a tin oxide-containing coating layer on the core particle. The tin oxide of the coating layer has a crystallite size of 70 to 200 ?. The electroconductive particle preferably has a ratio of R3 to R1 of 1 to 250, wherein R1 and R3 are respective surface resistivities of electroconductive films formed of a coating composition containing the electroconductive particle and prepared by 1-hour dispersing and 3-hour dispersing, respectively. The coating layer preferably comprises dopant element-free, electroconductive tin oxide.

Abstract: An electrically conductive paste providing low alpha particle emission is provided. A resin and conductive particles are mixed, and a curing agent is added. A solvent is subsequently added. The electrically conductive paste including a resin compound is formed by mixing the mixture in a high shear mixer. The electrically conductive paste can be applied to a surface of an article to form a coating, or can be molded into an article. The solvent is evaporated, and the electrically conductive paste is cured to provide a graphite-containing resin compound. The graphite-containing resin compound is electrically conductive, and provides low alpha particle emission at a level suitable for a low alpha particle emissivity coating.

Abstract: Provided are a core-shell type anode active material for lithium secondary batteries including a carbonaceous material core; and a shell formed outside the carbonaceous material core, the shell including a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) medium. The core-shell type anode active material for lithium secondary batteries has the shell including the PTC medium, and thus has the improved conductivity and high output density, exhibiting excellent electrical characteristics. And, a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the anode active material has excellent safety, in particular safety against overcharge and external short circuit.

Abstract: A spark plug having excellent load life performance, and a method of manufacturing the same, the spark plug having a connecting portion which electrically connects a center electrode and a metallic terminal within the axial hole of an insulator, the connecting portion including a resistor whose porosity is 5.0% or less.

Abstract: A conductive coating composition for use in electrical energy storage devices, which contain a non-aqueous electrolyte, is provided comprising an organic polymeric binder comprising one or more water-soluble polymers; water; solid conductive particles dispersed in the binder; and phosphorus based acid bound to at least one of the water-soluble polymers and present in a range of 0.025-10.0% by weight of the water-soluble polymers, as well as methods of making and using said conductive coating composition, coated current collectors and electrical energy storage devices made therefrom.

Abstract: A production method of an active material, and the active material are provided to realize an active material containing metal-containing particles and being capable of achieving satisfactory cycle performance and rate performance. The active material is produced by a method of polymerizing a mixture of a metal ion, a hydroxy acid, and a polyol to obtain a polymer, and a step of carbonizing the polymer. The active material used is one having a carbonaceous porous material, and metal particles and/or metal oxide particles supported in pores of the carbonaceous porous material, and particle diameter of the metal-containing particles are in the range of 10 to 300 nm.