Abstract: The present invention comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a well-defined chemical composition that is suitable for use as a dielectric coolant in electrical equipment in general, and specifically in transformers. The dielectric coolants of the present invention are particularly suited for use in sealed, non-vented transformers, and have improved performance characteristics, including decreased degradation of the paper insulating layers, as well as a greater degree of safety and environmental acceptability. The present dielectric coolants comprise relatively pure blends of compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons, polyalphaolefins, polyol esters, and natural vegetable oils, along with additives to improve pour point, increase stability and reduce oxidation rate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition comprising: (a) dielectric material; and (b) porogen comprising at least two fused aromatic rings wherein each of the fused aromatic rings has at least one alkyl substituent thereon and a bond exists between at least two of the alkyl substituents on adjacent aromatic rings. Preferably, the dielectric material is a composition comprising (a) thermosetting component comprising (1) optionally monomer of Formula I as set forth below and (2) at least one oligomer or polymer of Formula II as set forth below where Q, G, h, I, I, and w are as set forth below and (b) porogen.

Abstract: A homogeneous non-aqueous composition containing a fluorinated solvent, ozone, and optionally a co-solvent and the use of these compositions for cleaning and oxidizing substrates is described.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid with improved performance in capacitors contains 65% by weight or more monobenzyltoluene. Capacitors including the dielectric fluid can have improved discharge extinction voltages at 60° C.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid comprises an isoparaffinic base oil and hydrogen donor compound. The base oil may be a hydroisomerized isoparaffinic oil, and the hydrogen donor may be a substituted, or partially saturated aromatic compound. The resulting dielectric fluid exhibits negative hydrogen gassing properties along with good oxidative stability and low temperature performance.

Abstract: An electrical oil having reduced gassing tendency includes a major amount of a paraffinic or naphthenic basestock and a blend of certain hindered phenols, especially a blend of 2,6-di-t-butyl phenol and 2,6-di-t-butyl cresol. A further enhanced gassing tendency can be provided to the electrical oil by including a tolyltriazole derivative.

Abstract: A homogeneous non-aqueous compositions containing a fluorinated solvent, ozone, and optionally a co-solvent and the use of these compositions for cleaning and oxidizing substrates is described.

Abstract: A phosphate ester-based functional fluid composition that generates reduced levels of carboxylic acid during use by incorporating at least one acid scavenger selected from the epoxides of the invention. The phosphate ester-based functional fluids are particularly useful as hydraulic fluids.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions include mixtures of hexafluorodimethyl ether and cyclopropane, dimethylether or propylene; bis(difluoromethyl) ether and 2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorooxetane; fluoromethyl trifluoromethyl ether and 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1,3-dioxolane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethylether or tris(trifluoromethyl)amine; trifluoromethyl methyl ether and perfluorooxetane, 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1,3-dioxolane, perfluoromethyl ethyl ether, perfluorodinethoxymethane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethylether or tris(trifluoromethyl)amine; perfluoromethyl ethyl ether and dimethylether, propylene or 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; perfluorodirnethoxymethane and dimethylether or isobutane; 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and tris(trifluoromethyl)amine or dimethylether; difluoromethoxy pentafluoroethane and dimethylether, isobutane or tris(trifluoromethyl)amine; 1-trifluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and dimethylether or isobutane; 1-difluorometh

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions include mixtures of perfluorooxetane and perfluoromethyl ethyl ether or dimethyl ether; 2,2,4,4,5,5-hexafluoro-1,3-dioxolane and cyclopropane or dimethyl ether; 2,2,3,4,4-pentafluorooxetane and difluoromethyl(trifluoromethyl)sulfide or 1-trifluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; 2,2,4,4-tetrafluorooxetane and 1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1-difluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane; 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorooxetane and 1-difluoromethoxy-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1-difluoromethoxy-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are disclosed which include a first component of bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, difluoromethyl(trifluoromethyl)sulfide, pentafluoroethyl sulfur pentafluoride, difluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride, trifluoromethylsulfur pentafluoride bis(pentafluoroethyl)sulfide and a second component of difluoromethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2-trifluoroethane, 1,1-difluoroethane, fluoroethane, dimethyl ether, ammonia, fluoromethyl trifluoromethyl ether, trifluoromethyl methyl ether, 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane, 2-fluoropropane, cyclopropane, bis(difluoromethyl)ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane, 1-fluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane, 1,2,2-trifluoropropane, 2,2-difluoropropane, 1,2-difluoropropane, 1,1-difluoropropane, 1-trifluoromethoxy-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, tris(trifluoromethyl)amine or 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions include mixtures of difluoromethane and isobutane, butane, propylene or cyclopropane; pentafluoroethane and propylene or cyclopropane; 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane and propane; 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and cyclopropane; 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and DME or propylene; 1,1-difluoroethane and propane, isobutane, butane or cyclopropane; fluoroethane and propane or cyclopropane; 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, DME, isobutane or propane; or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and butane, cyclopropane, isobutane or propane.

Abstract: A superconductor material having a current density, J, of from about 30,000 to about 85,000 amps/cm.sup.2 at zero magnetic field and 77.degree. K. is disclosed. The 123 superconductor, of the formula L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. wherein L is preferably yttrium, is capable of entrapping sufficiently high magnetic fields and exhibits a low microwave surface resistance. The process of preparing the superconductor comprises compacting the bulk product, L.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O, and then sintering the reaction product at a temperature between about 40.degree. C. to about 90.degree. C. below its melting point, i.e., for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta. at a temperature of approximately 940.degree. C. The composition is then heated in a preheated chamber maintained at approximately 1090.degree. C. to about 1,200.degree. C. (approximately 1,100.degree. C. for Y.sub.1 Ba.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.6 +.delta.

Abstract: Substantially constant boiling compositions of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and dimethyl ether and its use as a refrigerant, aerosol propellant and polymer foam blowing agent are disclosed.

Abstract: Near-Azeotropic blends of:pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoroethane with one or more of chlorodifluoromethane, 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1-chloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane, and perfluorocyclopropane;chlorodifluoromethane and pentafluoroethane with one or more of ethane, butane, isobutane, dimethyl ether, propylene, and difluoromethane;chlorodifluoromethane with 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, propane and pentafluoroethane, or 1,1,1-trifluoroethane and octafluoropropane;and pentafluoroethane with fluoroethane and 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane,along with their use as refrigerants.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like blends are disclosed comprising effective amounts of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a), 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a) and a halocarbon selected from the group consisting of 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124), 2-chloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124a), 1-hydroperfluoropropane (HFC-227ca), 2-hydroperfluoropropane (HFC-227ea), and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,-octofluorobutane; trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene, 1,1-dichloroethane, or 1,3-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-HCFC-225cb; and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol, to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: Constant boiling azeotropic or azeotrope-like mixtures of octafluoropropane and fluoroethane are useful as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: Substantially constant boiling compositions that are mixtures of difluoromethane and propane that are useful as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, and expansion agents for polymers.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of HFC-338pcc and an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol or N-propanol, or a ketone such as acetone, are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Azeotropic mixtures of 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC-43-10mee) and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, cis-1,2-dichloroethylene or 1,1-dichloroethane are useful as cleaning agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of effective amounts of 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane and trans-1,2-dichloroethylene; cis-1,2-dichloroethylene; or 1,1-dichloroethane to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition are disclosed that are useful as cleaning agents, refrigerants, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as power cycle working fluids.

Abstract: A silicone composition containing a carboxylic acid amide which develops a vapor pressure during its use in an electrical device prevents faulty conduction at electrical contacts which are caused by silicone vapor. Electrical devices made by bringing the vapor of the carboxylic acid in the presence of the silicone vapor exhibit extended useful lives.

Abstract: The poor electrical conduction at an electrical switch contact caused by organopolysiloxane gas can be prevented by providing that a nitrogenous base gas be simultaneously present with the organopolysiloxane gas. Nitrogeneous base gases can be aliphatic amines or aromatic amines.

Abstract: A gas-insulated electric device comprising an electric conductor disposed in a sealed vessel filled with an insulating gas, the conductor being supported by a solid insulating member. The insulating gas is a nitrilic fluorocarbon compound or a mixture of a nitrilic fluorocarbon compound and SF.sub.6. In this device, the dielectric strength is increased. Accordingly, the size of the device can be decreased.

Abstract: An insulating gas for an electric device which comprises pentafluoropropionitrile or a mixture of pentafluoropropionitrile and sulfur hexafluoride and at least one nitrite ester selected from methyl nitrite, ethyl nitrite, propyl nitrite, butyl nitrite, and amyl nitrite. The effects of pentafluoropropionitrile on humans can be moderated by addition of the nitrite ester.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus which is resistant to electrical breakdown consisting of a chamber containing electrodes separated by dielectric gas supersaturated with the vapor from a dielectric liquid.

Abstract: Corona stabilization in electronegative gases such as SF.sub.6 is enhanced through the use of additives exhibiting ionization potentials which lie in the range in which the photon absorption characteristic of the electronegative insulating gas, as a function of ionization energy, exhibits minimal values. Accordingly, the present invention not only discloses such methods for enhancing corona stabilization but also discloses gaseous mixtures exhibiting this enhanced corona stabilization characteristic. Enhanced corona stabilization is important in that it produces significantly increased divergent field breakdown voltages in the gaseous mixture in gas pressure ranges which are of significant interest to the electrical industry. In particular, it is seen herein that tri-ethylamine is a particularly effective additive for use with SF.sub.6.

Abstract: Capacitors and similar electrical devices containing a dielectric liquid have superior properties when the dielectric liquid is a polyalkylated diphenyl sulfide. Particularly good dielectric properties are provided when the liquid consists essentially of the mixed isomers obtained by reacting m-xylene or similar dialkylbenzene with SCl.sub.2.

Abstract: The electric device according to the present invention has as its constituents the insulating materials and elements comprising films of synthetic resin, for instance, polypropylene, impregnated with 1-phenyl-2-ethylphenylethane and/or 1-phenyl-2-isopropylphenylethane.According to the present invention, insulating oils having favorable compatibility with the film of synthetic resin such as polypropylene and favorable affinity to metals and having low viscosity have been provided, and in addition, electric devices excellent in properties of withstanding a high voltage and dielectric properties in a broad range of temperature from a low temperature to a high temperature have also been offered.

Abstract: An electrical insulating oil composition consisting essentially of 50-85 parts by weight of a paraffinic or mixed base crude oil-derived electrical insulating oil, 50-15 parts by weight of a naphthenic base crude oil-derived electrical insulating oil, and 0.001-1.0% by weight of a hydrocarbon-derived pour point depressant, based on the total weight of said two oils.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid composition with high electrical strength characterized by a gas mixed with the vapor from a first fluid having a high vapor pressure at a low temperature and the vapor from a second fluid having a low vapor pressure at a low temperature to effect a mixture having a higher electrical strength than any component thereof over a temperature range from about -20.degree. C. to -40.degree. C. to about +120.degree. C. to +140.degree. C., with the vapor pressure of the mixture at the highest temperature being about one to two atmospheres. Also, the mixing of low and high cost liquids to obtain a low cost liquid with a vapor with an electrical strength equivalent or better than the best vapor over a wide temperature range.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid composition with high electrical strength characterized by a first fluid selected from the group consisting of electronegative gases, such as SF.sub.6, CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2, C.sub.2 F.sub.6, CF.sub.3 Cl, and CF.sub.4, and mixtures thereof; or from another group consisting of electropositive gases, such as N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2, and mixtures thereof; or from mixtures of the two groups; and a second fluid from a group of atomized liquids, which may be chlorinated liquid, such as, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.4 (tetrachloroethylene); and fluorocarbon liquids, such as, C.sub.8 F.sub.16 O (perfluorodibutyl ether), and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A flame retardant dielectric coolant for power transformers used in restricted environments consisting of a mixture of an electronegative gas dissolved in silicone fluid for providing improved 60 hertz breakdown voltage resistance to the fluid.

Abstract: Dielectric gas mixture including a binary pair of gases with electric strengths in uniform or quasi-uniform fields which are higher than that for either component of the gases alone. Such binary pairs include (a) SF.sub.6 and CF.sub.3 CFCF.sub.2, (b) SO.sub.2 and CF.sub.3 CFCF.sub.2, and (c) SO.sub.2 and SF.sub.6.

Abstract: A relatively low-cost dielectric gas mixture including a halogenated hydrocarbon such as CC1.sub.2 F.sub.2, subject to carbonization in the presence of an electrical discharge, and a minor portion of CF.sub.3 NO.sub.2 or CF.sub.3 SO.sub.2 F which suppresses carbonization of the halogenated hydrocarbon.

Abstract: Gaseous insulators comprise compounds having high attachment cross sections for electrons having energies in the 0-1.3 electron volt range. Multi-component gaseous insulators comprise compounds and mixtures having overall high electron attachment cross sections in the 0-1.3 electron volt range and moderating gases having high cross sections for inelastic interactions with electrons of energies 1-4 electron volts. Suitable electron attachment components include hexafluorobutyne, perfluorobutene-2, perfluorocyclobutane, perfluorodimethylcyclobutane, perfluorocyclohexene, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, hexafluorobutadiene, perfluoroheptene-1 and hexafluoroazomethane. Suitable moderating gases include N.sub.2, CO, CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2. The gaseous insulating mixture can also contain SF.sub.6, perfluoropropane and perfluorobenzene.

Abstract: An arc quenching composition suitable for deionizing and extinguishing a high voltage electrical arc comprising an effective proportion of dicyandiamide. Depending on the application in which the arc extinguishing composition is employed, the dicyandiamide may be utilized alone, admixed with a suitable binder, or used to impregnate another material.