Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formulas (I) and (II), Ring-A of Formulas I and II can be, for example, an aryl group, and Q? and Q?? can each be independently selected from groups, such as, halogen, —OH, —CN, amine groups, amide groups, carboxylic acid ester groups, carboxylic acid groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, carbonate groups, sulfide groups, and sulfonic acid ester groups. The present invention also relates to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles that include one or more photochromic compounds, such as represented by Formula II.

Abstract: The invention provides composite materials comprising a shape change element and an optical change element, which elements undergo a change in response to an applied stimulus. Also provided are objects that include the subject shape changing materials, as well as methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula I, Ring-A of the Formula I can be, for example an aryl group, and L1 is a chiral or achiral lengthening group. The compound represented by Formula I can be a photochromic compound. The present invention also relates to photochromic compositions and photochromic articles that include one or more photochromic compounds, such as represented by Formula I.

Abstract: An azo pigment and a pigment dispersion showing excellent coloring characteristics such as tinctorial strength and hue and excellent fastness such as light fastness are provided. An azo pigment represented by the following general formula (1), its tautomer, a salt or hydrate thereof: (wherein G represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an acyl group, an aliphatic oxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a sulfonyl group, R1 represents an amino group, an aliphatic oxy group, an aliphatic group, an aryl group, or a heterocyclic group, R2 represents a substituent, A represents an aromatic 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic group, m represents an integer of from 0 to 5, n represents an integer of from 1 to 4 and, when n=2, the formula represents a dimer formed through R1, R2, A, or G and, when n=3, the formula represents a trimer formed through R1, R2, A, or G and, when n=4, the formula (1) represents a tetramer formed through R1, R2, A, or G.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for new photoalignment (co)polymer materials which demonstrate improved adhesion to a substrate. The (co)polymeric structure includes at least one photochemically active chromophore and at least one adhesion promoter group. Articles of manufacture, optical elements, ophthalmic elements and liquid crystal cells which include at least one photoalignment layer made from the photoalignment (co)polymer materials and methods for formation are also disclosed.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments provide compositions and methods for an erasable medium that can include a photochromic composite containing a photochromic polymer dispersed in a polymer binder, a similar type polymer of a backbone portion of the photochromic polymer.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds generally comprising an indeno[2?,3?:3,4]naptho[1,2-b]pyran structure. Such compounds may be useful for their photochromic properties, and be used in certain photochromic compositions. Such compositions may further comprise other photochromic compositions and/or materials. Additionally, such compounds and/or compositions may be suitable for preparing certain photochromic articles. Also described herein are methods for preparing certain photochromic compounds, compositions, and articles.

Abstract: A naphthopyran compound represented by the formulae (I) to (II) wherein:—mi, Hi2, p, q are each an integer comprised from O to 4 or 5 inclusive;—Ri, R2 and R4, represent a group selected from halogen, H, —Ra, aryl, —OH, —ORa, —SH, —SRa, —NH2, —NR8RaI, —NRbRc, —NRaI-CORa, —NRaiCO(aryl), —NRai aryl, —N-aryfe, —N(aryl)CO(aryl), —CO—R3, —CO2R3I, —OC(O)—Rd, and —X—(Re)—Y, and linear or branched (Ci-Ci8) perfluoroalkyl group, wherein R3, RaI, Rb, Rc, X, Y, Re, Rd are as defined into the description;—Zi re resent a group selected from: (formules)

Abstract: An acrylate-based optical coating composition containing a blend of monomers, a metal salt, a Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer (HALS), an antioxidant (AO), an initiator and a photochromic dye. The initiator has a range of free radical energy that is below a predetermined level. The cure process is controlled by the catalyst and initiator in combination with the HALS and AO to avoid deleterious reactions that can increase yellowness. The composition is well suited to be applied to a lens and cured in the mold to form a coating with reduced yellowness having high adhesion and abrasion-resistant properties. A photochromic segmented bifocal lens is produced with low photochromic fatigue and favorable % T values.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel electrochromic materials. The electrochromic materials are viologens into which an imidazole derivative is asymmetrically introduced. The electrochromic materials can be used in a variety of electrochromic displays, including electrochromic windows and smart windows. Also disclosed herein are electrochromic devices that use the electrochromic materials.

Abstract: A light transformation particle is provided. The light transformation particle of the invention includes a light-shifting layer containing at least one light-emitting material, wherein the light-emitting layer transforms ultraviolet light, yellow-green light, or infrared light to red-orange light or blue-violet light. The light transformation particle further includes a core layer and/or a shell layer. The present invention further provides a photobioreactor containing the light transformation particle of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to photochromic materials that include a photochromic compound that includes a photochromic substituent (e.g., an indeno-fused naphthopyran) and at least one pendent silane group, which is bonded to the photochromic substituent. The pendent silane groups are selected from certain pendent siloxy-silane groups and/or pendent alkoxy-silane groups represented by general formulas (I) and/or (II) as described in further detail herein. The present invention also relates to photochromic articles, such as photochromic optical elements (e.g., photochromic lenses), and photochromic coating compositions (e.g., curable photochromic coating compositions), that include the photochromic materials of the present invention. The photochromic materials of the present invention have improved compatibility with compositions into which they may be incorporated, for example, coating compositions, such as urethane coating compositions.

Abstract: Chromatic materials such as polydiacetylene change color in response to a wide variety of environmental stimuli including changes in temperature, pH and chemical or mechanical stress, and have been extensively explored as sensing devices. Here is reported the facile synthesis of carbon nanotube/polydiacetylene nanocomposite fibers which rapidly and reversibly respond to electrical current, with the resulting color change being readily observable with the naked eye. These composite fibers also chromatically respond to a broad spectrum of other stimulations: for example, they exhibit rapid and reversible stress-induced chromatism with negligible elongation. Nanotube/polydiacetylene nanocomposite fibers could have various applications in sensing.

Abstract: We have designed a molecular switch based on the photoinduced opening and thermal closing of a [1,3]oxazine ring. A substituted [1,3]oxazine compound described as having a general (i.e., unsubstituted) structure with fused indoline and benzooxazine fragments such that they share a common bond in the [1,3]oxazine compound: (i) the bond connecting positions 1 and 2 of the indoline fragment and (ii) the bond connecting positions 2 and 3 of the benzooxazine fragment. Irradiation by light of suitable wavelength and intensity of this photochromic compound induces cleavage of a [C—O] bond of the [1,3]oxazine ring to form a phenolate chromophore. The photogenerated (e.g., colored) isomer may revert thermally to the starting (e.g., colorless) oxazine. Alternatively, the switch may be between isomers of the compound that absorb at different wavelengths. Reversible coloration of silica or polymeric materials and switching optical signals may involve many cycles of interconversion between different colored states.

Abstract: A photochromic plastic object which is composed of a transparent polymeric synthetic resin material, into or onto which at least one substantially mesoporous inorganic host structure is introduced or applied containing one or more embedded organic photochromic dye molecules so as to form a photochromic nanocomposite material. In contrast to prior techniques of adding or applying the photochromic organic dyes to the monomer mixture or prepolymer of a transparent synthetic resin material in a molecular form, in the photochromic plastic article of the present invention color is generated by using the photochromic nanocomposite particles or photochromic nanocomposite structures.

Abstract: A green pigment for a color filter including a phthalocyanine green pigment and capable of expressing a region of xy-chromaticity coordinate enclosed by predetermined equations 1, 2 and 3 defined by the XYZ color system of the CIE when the green pigment is solely subjected to colorimetry. Moreover, using the above-mentioned green pigment, it provides a photosensitive color composition capable of forming a color filter having a wide color reproduction range and a high transmittance. Furthermore, it provides a color filter having a wide color reproduction range and a high transmittance with a green pixel formed using the above mentioned photosensitive color composition, and a liquid crystal panel using the color filter.

Abstract: A component with a yellow pigment that absorbs light wavelengths in the range 500 to 380 nm is provided for transparent or translucent components of a vehicle in order to protect healthy eyes, pseudophakic eyes, and eyes with macular and retinal degeneration from harmful ultraviolet rays. The component may be in the form of a filter that is applied on or within these transparent or translucent components of the vehicle.

Abstract: Compositions that include one or more compounds according to formula I: wherein Y is —S—, or —SO2—; R1 and R1? are independently chosen from H, —CH3, or a combination thereof; R2 is H, —CH3, or, and m and n are independently chosen from 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4; and one or more photochromic compounds.

Abstract: There are provided colored composite microparticles having a fine primary particle diameter and exhibiting a high tinting strength, an excellent dispersibility and an excellent light fastness; a process for producing the colored composite microparticles; and a dispersion of the colored composite microparticles. The colored composite microparticles are composite particles comprising silica and an organic pigment in which the silica is enclosed in the organic pigment and contained in an amount of 0.001 to 9% by weight (calculated as Si) based on the weight of the composite particles. The coloring composition for color filters is prepared by dispersing a colorant for color filters comprising the colored composite microparticles in a coloring composition base material, whereas the ink for ink-jet printing is prepared by dispersing a colorant for inks for ink-jet printing comprising the colored composite microparticles in an ink base solution.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display includes a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite the first substrate, and a plurality of pixel areas formed on the first substrate, where each pixel area has red, green, blue, and white sub-pixel areas. Red, green and blue color filter layers are disposed on the red, green and blue sub-pixel areas, respectively, and an overcoat layer is disposed over the red, green and blue color filter layers, where a portion of the overcoat layer forms a white color filter layer in the white sub-pixel area. The overcoat layer is formed from a UV-curable liquid pre-polymer material, which includes monomers each having a mono-functional group, and at least a di-functional group or a tri-functional group.

Abstract: A chromene compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aralkoxy group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, with the proviso that R1 and R2 cannot be alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms at the same time; R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, hydroxyl group, alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, aralkyl group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aralkoxy group having 7 to 11 carbon atoms, aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms; R1 and R3 or R2 and R4 may be bonded together to form an alkylene group or alkylenedioxy group; R5

Abstract: A colored resin composition is provided which is capable of providing blue pixels of a color filter that have excellent light resistance and which satisfies heat resistance required in color display production steps. A color filter having blue pixels with excellent color purity and transmittance and an organic EL display and a liquid-crystal display device both having satisfactory blue purity are also provided by using the colored resin composition. The colored resin composition for color filter includes (a) a binder resin, (b) a solvent, and a triarylmethane type coloring matter of a specific structure represented by general formula (I). The color filter, organic EL display, and liquid-crystal display device are produced using the colored resin composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides ophthalmic devices comprising at least one photochromic material which is an indeno-fused naphthopyran having a pi-conjugation extending group bonded to the 11-position of the indeno-fused naphthopyran, the pi-conjugation extending group having at least one pendent halo-substituted group bonded thereto. The pi-conjugation extending group extends the pi-conjugation system of said indeno-fused naphthopyran. The 13-position of the indeno-fused naphthopyran is substantially free of spiro-substituents. The invention further provides photochromic materials of specified structure, photochromic compositions, photochromic articles and optical elements that include the photochromic materials. Other non-limiting embodiments relate to methods of making the ophthalmic devices comprising photochromic materials.

Abstract: A color correction material contains at least one type of cyanine compound composed of a cyanine cation represented by general formula (I) below (wherein the symbols are as defined in the description) and a q-valent anion represented by pAnq? (wherein the symbols are as defined in the description), and at least one type of layered clay mineral; or a color correction material containing a clay mineral composite obtained by intercalating a cyanine cation represented by general formula (I) below, or preferably the cyanine cation and an organic cation, into a layered clay mineral. Also described is a film-forming composition containing the color correction material and an optical filter having a layer composed of the film-forming composition. Ring A represents a benzene ring or a naphthalene ring; X represents CR3R4, NR5, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, or a selenium atom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photochromic material which is an indeno-fused naphthopyran having a pi-conjugation extending group bonded to the 11-position of the indeno-fused naphthopyran, the pi-conjugation extending group having at least one pendent halo-substituted group bonded thereto. The pi-conjugation extending group extends the pi-conjugation system of said indeno-fused naphthopyran. The 13-position of the indeno-fused naphthopyran is substantially free of spiro-substituents. The invention further provides photochromic materials of specified structure, photochromic compositions, photochromic articles and optical elements that include the photochromic material.

Abstract: Photochromic matrix compositions and tie layer compositions useful for the preparation of photochromic polycarbonate lenses are disclosed. The tie layer compositions facilitate adhesion of the photochromic matrix composition to the polycarbonate lens. The photochromic matrix compositions can contain a flexible hydrophilic dimethacrylate monomer, one or more hydrophobic monomers, a flexible hydrophobic multi(meth)acrylate monomer, one or more urethane methacrylate oligomers, and one or more photochromic dyes. The tie layer compositions can contain one or more methacrylate monomers, a (meth)acrylated oligomer with a polycarbonate backbone, one or more urethane methacrylate oligomers, and a solvent or solvent mixture. Methods of preparing photochromic polycarbonate lenses are also disclosed, involving the serial application of the tie layer composition, then the photochromic matrix composition to the lens.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition for producing a color filter for a CMOS image sensor is provided. The thermosetting resin composition comprises an organic solvent and a self-curing copolymer having structural units represented by Formulae 1, 2, 3 and 4, which are described in the specification.

Abstract: A compound which undergoes a colour change upon irradiation, and which has the general structure: X—C?C—C?C—Y—(CO)n-QZ wherein X is H, alkyl or —Y—(CO)n-QW; each Y is the same or a different divalent alkylene group; Q is O, S or NR; R is H or alkyl; W is H, alkyl or Z; each Z is the same or a different unsaturated alkyl group; and each n is 0 or 1.

Abstract: A colored curable composition including: (A) a pigment dispersion containing (a-1) a pigment, (a-2) a compound having a pigment mother nucleus structure and an amino group in a molecule, and (a-3) a resin having an acid group and a polymerizable group; (B) an oxime ester initiator; and (C) a polymerizable compound.

Abstract: An optical film includes a near-infrared absorbing layer, the near-infrared absorbing layer containing at least one colorant having a maximum absorption wavelength in the range of 900 nm to 1,100 nm, and a transparent copolymer resin containing fine rubber particles.

Abstract: A pigment-dispersed composition includes (a) a high-molecular compound containing at least one kind of repeating unit selected from repeating units each represented by the following Formula (I) or (II), (b) a pigment, and (c) an organic solvent, wherein, in Formulae (I) and (II), R1 to R6 each represent a hydrogen atom or another group; X1 and X2 each represent —CO—, —C(?O)O—, —CONH—, —OC(?O)—, or a phenylene group; L1 and L2 each represent a single bond or a divalent organic linking group; A1 and A2 each represent a monovalent organic group; m and n each represent an integer of from 2 to 8; and p and q each represent an integer of from 1 to 100. Also disclosed is a pigment-dispersed composition containing (A) a graft high-molecular polymer in which acrylic acid is copolymerized at a proportion of from 5% by mass to 30% by mass in the main chain thereof, (B) a pigment, and (C) an organic solvent.

Abstract: This invention concerns a polymer coating material composition (PCM) comprising as components a polymer matrix, carbon nanotubes (CNT) as optical power limiters (OPL), and carbon rich molecules. One aspect of the invention is where the Polymer Matrix is a hyperbranched polymer, such as a hyperbranched polycarbosiloxane polymer. Another aspect of the invention is where the CNT is a short multiwall carbon nanotube (sMWNT). A further aspect of the invention is where the carbon-rich molecules are triethoxysilyl anthracene derivatives. The composition wherein the ratio in weight percent of Polymer Matrix to CNT to carbon-rich molecule is from 94:3:3 to 99.8:0.1:0.1. The composition can further contain one or more of multi-photon absorbers (MPA) chromophores or reverse saturable absorbers (RSA) chromophores. These compositions can be used as: a) a film, b) a coating, c) a liquid, d) a solution, or e) a sandwiched film between two transparent substrates.

Abstract: A photochromic composition that is liquid at 20° C. and includes (a) at least one photochromic dye and (b) an ionic solvent selected from (b)(i) room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL), (b)(ii) ionic liquid mixtures that are liquid at room temperature, and (b)(iii) room-temperature liquid mixtures of at least one ionic liquid and at least one organic solvent that is miscible therewith. The use of said photochromic composition in optical devices such as ophthalmic lenses is also described.

Abstract: A naphthopyran compound represented by the formula B1 and B2 may include a phenyl, naphthyl, or heterocyclic aromatic group, or may combine to form one or more aromatic rings. B1 and B2 may further include one or more substituents. Ra may include an alkyl, polycycloalkyl, alkenyl, polyalkenyl, haloalkyl, perhaloalkyl, alkynyl, polyalkynyl, hydroxyalkynyl, polyhydroxyalkynyl; or (C3-20)cycloalkyl group. Rb and Rc may include hydrogen or alkyl groups, or may combine to form a saturated heterocyclic group, or together with an adjacent phenyl group may form a julolidinyl group. R3, R4, R5, R6, and R10 may include hydrogen, halogen, —Ra, —OH, —ORa, —O—CO—Ra, —CN, —NO2, —SO2Ra, —SORa, —SH, —SRa, —NH2, —NHRa, —NRaRa, or —NRbRc; or any two or more may combine to form a cyclic group. R7 is a mesogenic group. And the naphthopyran, which may be referred to as a dichroic-photochromic compound, may be incorporated into an optical article.

Abstract: The present invention provides both polymer systems and electrooptic (EO) chromophores that form the components of optical devices such as optical switches and other devices useful in an optical waveguide.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dispersant for an organic pigment comprising a compound represented by the below-described formula (1) or (2), and also to its use. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a dispersant or the like, which can afford a coating formulation for a color filter. The coating formulation is prevented from an increase in viscosity and a reduction in storage stability even when the concentration of a pigment is high, and can fabricate the color filter with excellent transparency and color quality.

Abstract: Provided is a pigment dispersing composition for a color filter including a color material, a resin, and an organic solvent which may dissolve the resin, wherein a modified pigment (D) is contained as the color material which includes, on the surface of a pigment (A), a polymer (P) obtained by polymerizing a polymer (B) containing a polymerizable unsaturated group soluble in a non-aqueous solvent and at least one type of polymerizable unsaturated monomer (C) which is soluble in the non-aqueous solvent and becomes either insoluble or poorly soluble following polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides (I) a method of manufacturing a triphenylmethane colorant that can suppress the sub-reactions in conversion to a sulfonamide and is industrially advantageous, (II) a colorant compound that has both excellent spectral characteristics and a high solubility relative to organic solvents or polymers as a coloring agent to be used in color filters and (III) a blue resist composition for use in a color filter that shows a high lightness and an excellent hue particularly for blue color and can be used to display an image that is excellent in terms of spectral characteristics and contrast.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color composition for a color filter, which includes at least acrylic resin and a coloring agent. The acrylic resin contains a copolymer formed of a first vinyl monomer having a benzyl group and a second vinyl monomer having a carboxyl group, the copolymer having a weight average molecular weight of 3,000 to 11,000, and an acid value of solid matter of the copolymer being confined to 30 to 85.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochromic composition comprising multifunctional (meth)acrylate-based monomers having two or more functional groups, a photochromic dye and an aromatic vinyl compound, in which the content of the aromatic vinyl compound is more than 30% by weight and 70% by weight or less, a photochromic film produced by using the same, and a method for producing the photochromic film.

Abstract: An electrochromic apparatus comprises a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer spaced from and disposed substantially parallel to the first electrode. An electrochromic layer is disposed between the first and second electrode layers. An electrolyte layer is disposed between the electrochromic layer and one of the electrode layers. The electrochromic layer comprises the dehydration reaction product of a hydrolyzed aromatic component. An electrochromic composition comprises an aromatic component having an aromatic core and at least two silicon-based groups pending from the aromatic core. The silicon-based groups have a silicon-bonded group selected from the group of hydrolyzable groups, hydrolyzates of hydrolyzable groups, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic-inorganic composite material containing a metal oxide, and a functional organic material located on the metal oxide, wherein the functional organic material and the metal oxide are bound via a silanol bond. An aspect that the silanol bond is formed by reacting a silane coupling agent with the metal oxide, and an aspect that the silane coupling agent has a reactive terminal are preferred. The present invention also provides a display electrode for electrochromic display device and electrode for photoelectric conversion device using the organic-inorganic composite material, an electrochromic display device using the display electrode and a photoelectric conversion device using the electrode.

Abstract: Unconventional twisted ?-electron system electro-optic (EO) chromophores/compounds, compositions and related device structures. Crystallographic analysis of several non-limiting chromophores reveals, for instance, large ring-ring dihedral twist angles and a highly charge-separated zwitterionic structure in the ground state, in both solution phase and solid-state.

Abstract: The invention provides improved conditions for atmospheric pressure chemical vapour deposition (APCVD) of vanadium (IV) oxide. Specifically, higher quality vanadium oxide (particularly in the form of films) can be obtained by employing concentrations of precursors in the APCVD reaction which are substantially less than those used previously. These conditions improve the reproducibility of the films obtained by APCVD and also prevent particulate formation in the manufacturing apparatus, which in previous work had caused blockages. The films obtained have improved visual appearance, especially colour, and/or have improved adhesion to a substrate. The obtained films also show a greater difference in transmission above and below the switching temperature than previous films. The invention also provides doped vanadium oxide, particularly with tungsten. Substrates (e.g. glass substrates) coated with a film of vanadium oxide are also provided.

Abstract: Use of fluorine-substituted perylenes in colour filters for liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: The invention provides a pigment-containing heat-curable composition including a pigment dispersion solution obtained by dispersing a composition containing a heat-curable resin, a solvent, and a pigment, wherein the concentration of the pigment is 50% or more and less than 100% with respect to the total solid contents.

Abstract: Describes a photochromic article, e.g., an ophthalmic photochromic plastic article, such as a lens, in which the article includes (1) a rigid substrate, e.g., polymeric substrate, such as a thermoset or thermoplastic substrate, (2) a photochromic polymeric coating appended to at least one surface of the substrate, the photochromic polymeric coating containing a photochromic amount of at least one photochromic material, e.g., spirooxazine, naphthopyran and/or fulgide, and (3) a film comprising a maleimide derivative coherently appended to the photochromic coating. Describes also the aforedescribed photochromic article having an abrasion-resistant coating affixed to the maleimide derivative-containing film, e.g., an abrasion-resistant coating comprising an organo silane; and describes further a photochromic article having an antireflective coating affixed to the abrasion-resistant coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a photochromic polymeric composition comprising a polymer matrix and a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendant oligomer group to provide a rate of fade of the photochromic polymeric composition which is significantly changed when compared with the corresponding composition comprising the photochromic compound without said pendent oligomer. The invention also relates to a photochromic compound which is an adduct comprising a photochromic moiety and at least one pendent oligomer.

Abstract: An organic EL device includes an organic EL emitter (2) that emits blue light and a blue color filter (8B) through which the light emitted from the organic EL emitter passes. The blue color filter contains a coloring material selected from the group consisting of a triarylmethane dye, a lake pigment, a copper-phthalocyanine pigment, and a mixture of a copper-phthalocyanine pigment and a dioxazine pigment. The chromaticity of the light, the light that has passed through the blue color filter after emitted from the organic EL emitter, is in the range defined by lines connecting three chromaticity coordinates (0.150, 0.060), (0.143, 0.031), and (0.130, 0.049) on the CIE chromaticity diagram.

Abstract: A thermochromic indicator includes a coating on the substrate. The coating comprising a solid crystalline particles having a melting point of 0-130° C. At temperatures below the melting point, the coating is opaque. At temperatures above the melting point, the coating becomes translucent. The change in opacity can be reversible or irreversible.