Abstract: This invention provides novel side chain liquid crystalline polymers with a polyester or polyamide main chain structure. An invention polymer exhibits nonlinear optical response, and has utility as a transparent nonlinear optical component in optical light switch and light modulator devices.

Abstract: An assembly for monitoring ionising radiation which comprises coated on a base a binder layer containing a polychlorinated hydrocarbon and a color former.The assembly can be used to monitor levels of radiation of from 0.1 MRads to 10.0 MRads.

Abstract: This invention provides novel polymers which are characterized by a recurring structural unit that contains a pendant quinoid structure and that exhibits nonlinear optical response and are useful in devices such as those used in laser modulation and deflection, frequency conversion, optical communications, integrated circuit fabrication, light valves, and optical switches.The following structure is illustrative of an invention polymer: ##STR1## where m is an integer of at least 3.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises a pair of electrodes and a luminescent layer sandwiched between the electrodes, the luminescent layer comprising:(a) one layer comprising a relatively electron-acceptable organic compound,(b) another layer containing a relatively electron-donative organic compound, and(c) still another layer having an insulating property, the three layers being repeatedly accumulated, and at least one of the three layers having a monomolecular film or a monomolecular layer built-up film.

Abstract: This invention provides a nonlinear optical medium which consists of a transparent solid substrate with a surface coating of at least one monolayer of a compound such as 11,11-di(n-hexyldecylamino)-12,12-dicyano-2,6-naphthoquinodimethane: ##STR1##

Abstract: A display method comprises applying electrical energy to a display layer formed of a monomolecular film or a monomolecular-layer built-up film of a clathrate complex compound composed of a host molecule having a hydrophilic portion, a hydrophobic portion and a portion to enclose a guest molecule, and a guest molecule on a substrate, thereby making a display.The display may be made by color-forming or light emitting due to reduction of the guest molecules.

Abstract: This invention provides organic solid solutions which exhibit nonlinear optical properties.Illustrative of the invention is an optically clear solid solution of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and 13,13-di(n-hexydecylamino)-14,14-dicyano-4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrenoquinodim ethane.

Abstract: A solid-state multi-color electrochromic display cell having a water soluble organic electrochromic chemical dissolved in water associated with an ionically conducting polymer of a solid electrolyte. The water may be present in a water containing polymer or may be water of emulsion of a non-water containing polymer. The solid electrolyte layer has one side immediately adjacent a display electrode and the other side adjacent a cell separator.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel paranitroaniline derivatives usable in non-linear optics and electrooptics, as well as to the preparation process for the same. These derivatives are in accordance with formula (I): ##STR1## in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms are optionally replaced by deuterium atoms. They are prepared by reacting one of the two pure optical isomers of 2-(hydroxymethyl)-pyrrolidine with a parahalogenonitrobenzene.The optically pure derivatives can be used in optical or optoelectronic devices.

Abstract: An electrochromic device comprising an oxidation coloring substance coloring in an oxidized state and a reduction coloring substance coloring in a reduced state which are formed on the surfaces of a pair of electrodes, respectively, and an electrolyte held between the two substances, wherein the oxidation coloring substance is a double salt containing an iron hexacyanoferrate and the reduction coloring substance is a tungsten-oxalic acid compound. The electrochromic device has a long life suitable for actual applications and a short response time and can operate at low applied voltages.

Abstract: This invention provides organic solid solutions which exhibit nonlinear optical properties.Illustrative of the invention is an optically clear solid solution of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and 13,13-di(n-hexydecylamino)-14,14-dicyano-4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrenoquinodim ethane.

Abstract: A thermochromic composition comprising (1) an electron-donating chromogenic material, (2) a 1,2,3-triazole compound, (3) a weakly basic, sparingly soluble azomethine or carboxylic acid primary amine salt, and (4) an alcohol, amide or ester serving as a solvent.

Abstract: Reflectance standards are prepared in accordance with the present invention by incorporating at least 40 percent by weight of barium sulphate into acrylate polymer such as methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate. Thickness of the resulting polymer should be in excess of 0.25 centimeters. By incorporating varying percentages of carbon black in the mixture during mixing--various reflectance values can be obtained. The resulting reflectance standards can be utilized in the form of chips, plaques, sheets, or can be molded into various configurations, including that of an integrating sphere.

Abstract: This invention provides organic solid solutions which exhibit nonlinear optical properties.Illustrative of the invention is an optically clear solid solution of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and 13,13-di(n-hexydecylamino)-14,14-dicyano-4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrenoquinodim ethane.

Abstract: Polymer compositions exhibiting liquid-crystalline phases contain chemically bonded mesogenic groups of the formula Ia and/or Ib: ##STR1## in which Q.sup.1 is H, alkyl or alkoxy having 1-5 C atoms, F, Cl, Br or CN,X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 each, independently of one another, are H or an alkyl group having up to 15 C atoms, in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by a group from the group comprising --O--, --S--, --O--CO--O--, O--CO--NH--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --CO--S--, --S--CO--, --SO-- and --SO.sub.2 --.Process for the preparation of polymer compositions of this type comprises the polymerization or grafting of suitable monomers.Polymer compositions of this type are used as substrates in electronics for the fiber and foil techniques.

Abstract: The new crystal deuterated l-arginine phosphate monohydrate provides an excellent frequency conversion crystal for laser applications, especially in the one micron wavelength region.

Abstract: To quench the fluorescence produced by anionic fluorescent brighteners use is made of virtually colorless, water-soluble cationic or amphoteric compounds which contain in the molecule at least one ammonium group, at least two aryl, arylene, hetaryl and/or hetarylene groups and at least one nitro group.

Abstract: A dry solid scintillator counting composition for the detection of radiative substances in a liquid comprises a mixture of fluor particles and a binder bonding the particles into a coherent structure, the weight amount of the fluor being sufficiently greater than the weight amount of the binder to render the structure sufficiently porous between the disposed particles of fluor to provide transport of a saturating amount of liquid throughout at least 50% of the volume of the composition.

Abstract: Detergent compositions adopted for bleaching via photoactivation, e.g., by irradiation with visible light, are comprised of (i) at least one sensitizing agent of xanthene dyestuff type, e.g., a fluorescein, and (ii) at least one cyclic tertiary mono-, di- or tetramine, e.g., DABCO.

Abstract: A novel metalo-phthalocyanine or an alkyl ester thereof in which each of two benzene nuclei of the four benzene nuclei condensed in the phthalocyanine ring has a carboxyl or alkoxy carbonyl radical attached thereto is well compatible with an organic polymer and thus provides an electroconductive polymer composition which may be formed into films or suitable articles.

Abstract: An electro-optical dipolar suspension is described which is silvery-reflective at no voltage, which becomes black-opaque at small voltage, and transmittive at an increase of voltage. Such a dipole suspension is useful in displays because of greater contrast, decreased operating voltage, power, and cost.

Abstract: Water soluble fluors useful in enhancing images obtained in autoradiography have the general formula:[F].sub.x [B].sub.y [S].sub.zF is a moiety which acts as a fluor, e.g., a dehydro derivative of a compound which is a fluor; preferred examples include 4-(2,5-diphenyloxazolyl), 1-napththylmethyl, 2-napththyl, and 4-[5-(2-phenyloxazolyl)]phenyl. S is a surfactant moiety which makes the molecule hydrophilic, e.g., dehydro derivatives of surfactants; preferred examples include polyethylene glycol derivatives, sulfonic acids or salts thereof, aryl sulfonates amines and quaternary ammonium compounds. B is a binding moiety which chemically binds the fluor moiety F with the surfactant S, and may be a chemical bond, or a disubstituted moiety such as an alkylene, e.g., methylene group. The variables x, y and z are integers which can generally vary from 1 to 10.

Abstract: Photochromic compounds represented by the graphic formula: ##STR1## wherein: (a) R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, phenyl, phen(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4) alkyl, allyl and mono- and di-substituted phenyl, said substituents being selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy;(b) R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy mono- and disubstituted phenyl, benzyl or combined to form a cyclic ring selected from the group consisting of an alicyclic ring containing from 6 to 8 carbon atoms (including the spiro carbon atom), norbornyl and adamantyl, and(c) R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy, nitro, cyano and C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxycarbonylare described.

Abstract: An improved optical fiber structure is provided which is hardened against the effects of ionizing nuclear radiation and comprises a conventional plastic, glass or silica optical fiber core and cladding, having an additional outer coating comprising phosphorescent or luminescent material for interacting with the ionizing radiation to provide a source of light to optically bleach the fiber core of optical absorption sites produced as a result of the interaction of the ionizing radiation with the fiber core material.

Abstract: A novel optically active polymer comprising structural elements of the formula: ##STR1## The polymer is applicable for the optical resolution of a racemic mixture through, for instance, column chromatography.

Abstract: Chromophoric compounds, each having a wide range of distinct color changes in response to changes in the oxidation states thereof, are provided in the form of polymerizable monomers, and polymers thereof, of certain metal containing, and electron group substituted, 2,2'-bipyridine compounds.

Abstract: Imaging systems employing photosensitive microcapsules having improved film speed are disclosed wherein the microcapsules contain a 4-(4'-aminophenyl)-pyridine compound in the internal phase as a color former.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device includes a transparent first electrode and a second electrode opposing said first electrode to be spaced apart therefrom. An electrochromic layer is formed in a space formed between the first and second electrodes so as to be in contact with the first electrode. The electrochromic layer is formed of certain naphthalene derivatives, certain tetracene derivatives or certain fulvalene derivatives. An ionic conductor layer is formed in the space so as to be in contact with the electrochromic layer.

Abstract: A photosensitive transfer imaging system comprising an imaging sheet and a developer sheet; the imaging sheet incudes a photographic support, a layer of photosensitive microcapsules on one surface of the support wherein the microcapsules have a discrete capsule wall and contain a chromogenic material and a photosensitive composition such as a polyethylenically unsaturated compound and a photoinitiator; the developer sheet includes a support member and a layer of a developer composition such as a salicylic acid salt; the imaging sheet and/or the developer sheet additionally includes a plurality of microcapsules which contain an oil in which the chromogenic material is soluble; images are formed by image-wise exposing the imaging sheet to actinic radiation and rupturing the microcapsules in contact with the developer sheet whereupon the chromogenic material is image-wise transferred to the developer sheet.

Abstract: Photosensitive microcapsules having radiation absorbers associated therewith such that the sensitivity of the microcapsules is reduced over a portion of their spectral sensitivity range; the spectral sensitivity of the microcapsules is thereby adjusted such that three sets of microcapsules having distinctly different spectral sensitivities and individually containing color formers for full color imaging can be provided on a single support surface and discriminately exposed in a manner which corresponds to the red, green and blue components of an original.

Abstract: Compositions which can be polymerised by radiation and are based on surface-active, conjugated diacetylene compounds of the formula H(CH.sub.2).sub.m --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --A in which m and n=0 or 1-30 and m+n is at least 10 and A is a polar group, and which contain mixtures of such diacetylene compounds or are mixed with surface-active substances, are particularly suitable for use as a high-resolution photographic recording material.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device containing at least two electrodes and electrolyte in contact therewith is disclosed, wherein the electrolyte is an electrolytic solution which has been gelated by polymer.

Abstract: A solution of a hydrophobic substituted, amino triphenyl methane leucocyanide dye in a clear, highly polar solvent free of hydroxyl groups with enough acid added to make the solution slightly acidic which is sensitive to small dosages of ionizing radiation and responds by permanently changing color. Up to one-half of the solution by weight can be replaced by a second solution of an aromatic solvent and an organic fluor. Another modification of the invention is a solution of a leucocyanide dye in a clear polar solvent which has an aromatic group, an organic fluor, and enough acid to make the solution slightly acidic.

Abstract: The stabilization of selected photochromic compounds, selected from certain fulgides and fulgimides, is made possible by associating with such compounds a clay mineral having an expanding crystal lattice, which can stabilize a selected photochromic compound in a higher-energy colored form. The stabilized photochromic compound may be one included in a coating composition, such as a paper coating composition, or may constitute or be incorporated in a filler for a papermaking furnish or for a plastics material. The stabilizer serves to maintain the photochromic compound in its higher-energy colored state or one of its higher-energy colored states, thereby tending to prevent deterioration of color as the photochromic compound converts to an uncolored or weakly colored lower-energy state.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition used suitably as a solder resist for a printed circuit board which comprises:(a) 0.1 to 5.0 wt. % of a s-triazine compound represented by the general formula I: ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 stands for ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a phenyl group and R.sup.3 stands for a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group)];(b) 5 to 50 wt. % of a photopolymerizable oligomer which has an average molecular weight in the range of 200 to 4000 and has 2 or more of acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups in a molecule;(c) 5 to 50 wt. % of vinyl monomer having 1 or more of acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups which are liquid at 50.degree. C.;(d) 0.5 to 5 wt. % of a photo-initiator which acts to initiate a cross-linking reaction between said photopolymerizable oligomer and said vinyl monomer when subjected to activated radiation; and(e) 5 to 60 wt. % of an inorganic filler.

Abstract: Light-collecting system, characterized in that it contains a dyestuff of the formula ##STR1## in which Hal designates identical or different halogen atoms from the series comprising fluorine, chlorine and bromine,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 designate hydrogen or optionally substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl and n designates 4-5,and new dyestuffs of the formula I which in a 0.5-2 mM solution in path lengths of 10 cm display an increase in transmission from 0 to >95% with a change in the wavelength of 25-120 nm.

Abstract: A multicomponent electrolyte with a defined potential and a display cell containing it. The multicomponent, liquid electrolyte is based on at least one metal iodide dissolved in an anhydrous organic solvent, and is characterized in that it comprises three functional components: a first metallic element M.sub.p yielding at least two iodides corresponding to different valences, and which is intended to ensure an equilibrium between the reduced forms of iodine I.sup.- and I.sub.3.sup.- ; an iodide of a second metal M.sub.t in a practically completely dissociated state, intended to fix the concentration of the anionic species I.sup.- in the electrolyte; and an iodide of a third metal M.sub.x constituting the display vehicle.

Abstract: Electrochromic mirrors hermetically sealed from the ambient environment and comprising at least one electrode, at least one electrochromic layer, a reflector, at least one ion-conducting layer, and at least one ion-supplying layer which simultaneously is an ion-storing layer and is not identical with the reflector, wherein the ion-conducting layer consists essentially of an ion-conducting inorganic solid.

Abstract: An electrochromic display cell including a pair of enclosure plates, at least one of which is transparent, and a counter electrode and a display electrode disposed between the enclosure plates. A layer of electrochromic material is disposed on the display electrode. A liquid electrolyte material is disposed between the counter electrode and display electrode, the electrolyte material being mildly acidic and having a pH between 2 and 5. The layer of electrochromic material is preferably selected from the group consisting of a diphthalocyanine of a rare-earth element, yttrium and scandium.

Abstract: Method of producing liquid equivalent solid gamma ray calibration standards comprising the steps of adding a first organic solvent to a calibrated aqueous solution of radioactive material, either in the form of a single isotope or mixed isotopes, to form a first solution; mixing the first solution with a polymerizible resin dissolved in a second organic solvent together with a hardening catalyst to form a second solution; and curing the second solution. With isotope standards requiring highly acidic conditions, a stabilizing agent is added to the first solvent to complex with metal and hydrogen ions so as to prevent plate-out.

Abstract: The lifetime of a metal diphthalocyanine electrochromic display can be substantially extended by employing a predominantly non-aqueous low hydroxyl ion electrolyte. A preferred electrolyte solvent is ethylene glycol and preferred conductivity salts are tetraethyl ammonium fluoride and sodium chloride. In the case of sodium chloride, conductivity is improved by the addition of up to 25% water to the electrolyte.

Abstract: Polymeric mordants which are capable of converting to non-mordanting species in an alkaline environment are described. The mordants can be used in photographic elements to temporarily mordant a photographically useful dye material, such as a light-filter or anti-halation dye or a diffusion transfer image dye-providing material, and then release the dye material during processing of the element with an alkaline processing composition.

Abstract: Systems of three, four, and five mutually immiscible liquid phases suitable for use in display devices. Preferred four phase systems comprise one highly hydrophobic organic phase, one organic phase containing compounds which are moderately polar, one phase containing hydrogen-bonding organic compounds, and one aqueous phase. Systems can be multicolored, not toxic, not combustible, and not corrosive to plastic.

Abstract: A display device containing an electrochromic solution comprising a para substituted triphenylamine compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is lower alkoxy, lower alkyl or halogen.

Abstract: An electrolyte for an electrochromic display of the kind in which a persistent colored species of an electrochromic substance in solution is deposited onto a display electrode upon the passage of current therethrough is disclosed. The electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution of a di-alkyl bipyridinium salt and a non-polymeric aliphatic alcohol in which either: (a) both alkyl groups of the bipyridinium salt have an odd number of carbon atoms and the alcohol has an even number of carbon atoms; or (b) both alkyl groups of the bipyridinium salt have an even number of carbon atoms and the alcohol has an odd number of carbon atoms. The presence of an alcohol in the electrolyte inhibits recrystallization (spotting) and non-erasure of the display electrodes. A particularly effective alcohol for 1,1' di-heptyl 4,4' bipyridinium dibromide, which has a severe lifetime problem, is n-hexanol.

Abstract: An electrochromic display utilizing a rare-earth diphthalocyanine complex as the electrochromic material and a low-freezing-point aqueous solution of a metal chloride as the electrolyte is disclosed. Displayed information can be switched in less than 50 milliseconds. The display has multicolor and color reversal capabilities even at very low temperatures.

Abstract: Substantially non-pollutant and non-toxic water washable composition in the form of a gel for use in non-destructive ultrasonic inspection of surface and subsurface flaws and discontinuities in bodies comprising a (1) poly(oxypropylene) poly(oxyethylene) condensate having a molecular weight ranging from about 1,000 to about 15,000, and (2) silica, particularly fumed silica, such silica being present in certain proportions, e.g. about 5% by weight of the composition. The composition or gel is applied to a surface of a body such as a metal aircraft structural part, and a probe or transducer of an ultrasonic testing device is contacted or pressed against the gel, and the transducer is caused to move or slide in various directions on the gel to transmit ultrasonic energy through the gel and the object, to inspect the object and locate any surface or subsurface flaws or discontinuities.

Abstract: Radiation-curable compositions useful for restorative and/or protective treatment of photographic elements are comprised of an acrylated urethane, an aliphatic ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid, a multifunctional acrylate, and a siloxy-containing polycarbinol. Photographic elements, such as still films, motion picture films, paper prints, microfiche, and the like, are provided with a protective overcoat layer which is permanently bonded to the element, and serves to protect it from abrasion and scratches, by coating the element with the radiation-curable composition and irradiating the coating to bond it to the element and cure it to form a transparent, flexible, scratch-resistant, cross-linked polymeric layer. The protective overcoat layer can be applied to the image-bearing side of the element or to the support side of the element or to both sides.

Abstract: An electrochromic display device is disclosed including a cell container, a display electrode and a counter electrode both of a chemically stable conductor material. Also included in the container is an electrochromic aqueous solution composed of N,N'-di(p-cyanophenyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride, phosphoric acid and ammonium ferrous sulfate as a source of ferrous ions.

Abstract: Electrochromic material for an electro-optic display includes an oxide of at least one transition metal having a structure related to a hexagonal tungsten bronze structure whereby ions of an electro-active material readily diffuse through the lattice structure. In a display the electrochromic material is positioned between two electrodes with an electrolyte between and contacting the electrochromic material and one electrode which comprises the electro-active material.