Abstract: Novel metal hydroxide derivatives which chemically combine positively charged metal hydroxide layers with negatively charged phosphorus-containing species, which can be either anionic organophosphorus materials or phosphorus-containing polymeric anions, are described. The metal hydroxide derivatives are useful flame retardants through their ability to be completely dispersed and their formation of a crust or char to prevent flame propagation.

Abstract: The invention relates to mixtures of diorganylphosphinic acids and carboxylic acids of the formula [cationn+(phosphinate?)x(carboxylic acid anionz?1/z)y] where n=from 1 to 4 x=from 0.01 to n?0.01 y=n?x z=from 1 to 4, where “cation” means an element of the second main and/or transition group, an element of the third main and/or transition group, an element of the fourth main and/or transition group, an element of the fifth main and/or transition group, an element of the sixth transition group, an element of the seventh transition group, and/or an element of the eighth transition group, “phosphinate” means the anion of diorganylphosphinic acids of the formula where R1 and R2 are identical or different and, independently of one another, are H, C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl, and/or hydroxyalkyl, and “carboxylic acid anion” means C1-C18 carboxylic acid anions. The invention also relates to processes for their production, and to their use.

Abstract: A flame retardant featuring: an inorganic porous fine particle, a phosphazene compound represented by the following average compositional formula (1) (X is a single bond, CH2, C(CH3)2, SO2, S, 0, or O(CO)O; n is an integer of from 3 to 1000; d and e are numbers with 2d+e=2n), and a resin layer. The phosphazene compound is supported on the inorganic porous fine particle, and the resin layer coats the inorganic porous fine particle with the phosphazene compound supported thereon. The resin layer thermally decomposes to lose weight by 10% at a temperature of from 300° C. to 500° C., as measured by thermogravimetry in the air at a heating rate of 10° C./min.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant resin composition for a printed circuit board and a printed circuit board using the same, in more detail, to a flame retardant resin composition which includes a complex epoxy resin, photo acid generator, a curing agent, a curing accelerator, and an inorganic filler, so that UV curable and property-maintainable insulating material can be manufactured, and to a printed circuit board using the same. The flame retardant resin composition according to the present invention contains a photo acid generator instead of an acrylate reactive diluent which is included UV curable insulating material so that fine patterned printed circuit board can be manufactured through UV curing and post thermal curing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piperazine polyphosphate which has an average chain length of from 2.2 to 10 phosphate units, to a method for its preparation and to its use.

Abstract: This invention relates to flame barrier compositions as well as a method for the preparation of the flame barrier compositions formed from a flame retardant composition and water. A protective barrier comprises a flame barrier composition or a flame barrier polymer on top of a layer or sandwiched between two or more layers of glass, wood, paper, polymer films, and other layered materials as well as mixtures of layers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel fire-retardant agent based on polyphosphoric or orthophosphoric acid impregnated on a highly porous mineral oxide, method for preparation and use thereof for fire-retarding treatment of materials, in particular of polymers.

Abstract: A flame retardant composition comprising at least one polymeric material and at least one inorganic filler, where at least a portion of the filler comprises particles derived from oil sand tailings. Such flame retardant composition can be employed in the manufacture and use of flame retardant plastics, fibers, and/or paints.

Abstract: The method of at least one thermally expandable graphite intercalation compound, containing A) a least one metal halide of at least one of the elements Fe, Al, Sb, Zn, Y, Cr and Ni and B) at least one nitroalkane of the general formula CH3(CH2)nNO2, in which n is a whole number from 0 to 10, as well as its structural isomers or mixtures, as intumescing, fire-protection additive in polymer matrices for producing intumescing fire-protective seals for through holes, wall bushings and other openings in walls, floors and/or ceilings of buildings, as well as a method for preparing the thermally expandable graphite-intercalation compounds used.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising: a flame retardant composition comprising (i) an acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate graft copolymer (ASA) or acrylate-modified ASA, (ii) at least one rigid thermoplastic polymer comprising structural units derived from styrene and acrylonitrile; alpha-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile; alpha-methylstyrene, styrene, and acrylonitrile; styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate; alpha-methyl styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate; or alpha-methylstyrene, styrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate, or mixtures thereof, (iii) at least one halogenated flame retardant, (iv) at least one antidrip additive, (v) optionally at least one additive which comprises an inorganic or organic antimony compound, and (vi) optionally at least one acid scavenger. Articles made from said compositions are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention contemplates water-bearing silicate materials achieved by modifying the basic method of essentially reacting water glass with calcium chloride to bind the free water into solid form without adversely affecting the basic chemical and physical structure of the original product. The material is then dried by using a wicking agent, such as cellulose sponge, adding an anhydrous salt to the material to form a crystalline hydrate, or adding calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide to the material to form a microstructure that physically retains the water. The material is then incorporated into a fire protection contained in which the material forms the outermost wall of the container, a light-weight porous material such as urethane foam and intermediate layer, and a phase change material with a melting point of about 70 degrees F. to 125 degrees F. forms the innermost wall.

Abstract: A composition of a glass fiber reinforced engineering plastic and a preparation method thereof are provided. The method includes: except for glass fiber, from 30% to 70% by weight of a polyamide6, from 8% to 30% by weight of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, from 3% to 6% by weight of a compatilizer, from 12% to 16% by weight of a flame retardant, from 0.3% to 0.5% by weight of an antioxidant, and from 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of a lubricant are added into a high-speed mixer, and then mixed for 2-5 min. The blend composition is fed into a twin screw extruder, and from 18% to 35% by weight of a glass fiber are added into the twin screw extruder at the second half stage, and ground together to be granulated and molded.

Abstract: A composition of a high impact glass fiber reinforced flame-retardant engineering plastic and a method thereof, which the method includes except for glass fiber, from 30% to 60% by weight of a polyamide 6, from 8% to 25% by weight of an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, from 3% to 6% by weight of a compatilizer, from 4% to 10% by weight of a flexibilizer, from 12% to 16% by weight of a flame retardant, from 0.3% to 0.5% by weight of an antioxidant, and from 0.3% to 0.8% by weight of a lubricant are added into a high-speed mixer, and mixed for 2-5 min, and the blend composition is fed into a twin screw extruder, and from 18% to 30% by weight of a glass fiber are added into the twin screw extruder at the second half stage, and ground together to be granulated and molded.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions containing an extract of African Oil Palm fruit, methods of preparing such compositions, and their use in imparting fire resistance to objects are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is a flame-retardant composition comprising a polyolefin polymer, a nano-silicate, a metal hydroxide, and calcium carbonate. The invention also includes a coating prepared from the flame-retardant composition as well as a wire-and-cable construction made by applying the coating over a wire or a cable. The invention also includes articles prepared from the flame-retardant composition, such as extruded sheets, thermoformed sheets, injection-molded articles, coated fabrics, roofing membranes, and wall coverings.

Abstract: A composite sheet material comprises a porous core layer adjacent to a skin layer. The porous core layer comprises a thermoplastic material and 20 to 80 weight percent (wt %) fibers based on a total weight of the porous core layer. The thermoplastic material comprises poly(arylene ether) and an additive comprising a flame retardant, a smoke emission retardant, a flame and smoke emission retardant or a combination of two or more of the foregoing retardants, wherein the additive is free of chlorine and bromine. The thermoplastic material may optionally comprise a viscosity modifier. The skin layer covers at least a portion of a surface of the porous core layer.

Abstract: Compositions are provided for alleviating or preventing discoloration, known as “scorching”, in flame-retarded flexible polyurethane foams. The anti-scorch compositions contain combinations of antioxidant agents, epoxy compounds, organic phosphites—alone or in combination with metal salts of carboxylic acids. The compositions are useful, for example, for polyurethane foams retarded with aliphatic or aromatic phosphorus-based flame retardants, or with halogen-containing flame retardants.

Abstract: Disclosed is an epoxy resin composition featured by comprising a phosphate with phenolic or benzoxazine groups for enhancing flame retardancy. The phosphate used herein has higher molecular weight and higher viscosity than conventional ones. Because the phosphate is able to react with the epoxy resin at high temperatures, greater amounts of phosphate can be added to the epoxy resin to increase the viscosity of the epoxy resin prepreg for copper clad laminates or printed circuit plates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free flameproofing agent for curable moulding materials, the use of such flameproofing agents for the flame-retardant treatment of curable moulding materials, a process for the preparation of halogen-free, flame-retardant curable moulding materials, and halogen-free, flame-retardant curable moulding materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to dialkylphosphinic salts of the formula (I) where R1, R2 identical or different, are C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Zn, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or is a protonated nitrogen base; m is from 1 to 4; wherein the telomer content is from 0.01 to 6% by weight. The invention also relates to glare use in flame retardant compositions, and to flame-retardant polymer molding compositions and flame-retardant polymer moldings which comprise these dialkylphosphinic salts.

Abstract: A halogen-free electrically insulating film is prepared from a composition including particular amounts of a poly(arylene ether), a hydrogenated block copolymer of an alkenyl aromatic compound and a conjugated diene, and a triaryl phosphate. The electrically insulating film may be prepared by an extrusion and/or calendering method. Uses of the electrically insulating film include, for example, shielding applications in power supply housing, printed circuit board insulation, backlit aircraft in flight panels and displays, business equipment insulation, computer rack partitions, and television and monitor insulation.

Abstract: A flame retardant additive composition comprising a phosphoric acid salt selected from the group consisting of melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, melamine orthophosphate, diammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, phosphoric acid amide, melamine polyphosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, polyphosphoric acid amide and combinations of two or more of the foregoing; a metal hydroxide; and an organic phosphate. The flame retardant additive is useful in a wide range of thermoplastic compositions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a flame retardant additive comprising carbon based nanotudes having flame retardant properties. The flame retardant additive of the invention includes up to about 25% by weight of the carbon-based nanotube. An embodiment of the invention is directed to a polymer including the flame retardant additive of the invention which comprises an effective amount of carbon based nanotubes. The invention also relates to a method of improving the flame retardant properties of a material, the method including adding to the material an effective amount of the flame retardant additive of the invention.

Abstract: A curable composition comprises an insulating resin and a halogen-free flame retardant. The halogen-free flame retardant has a particulate form, and whose primary particles have an average major axis from 0.01 to 5 ?m, an aspect ratio of 5 or less, and the proportion of a major axis of more than 10 ?m being at most 10% by number. A varnish comprises an insulating resin, a curing agent, a flame retardant and an organic solvent. The flame retardant is a flame retardant in particulate form surface-treated with a coupling agent, and the flame retardant particles present in the varnish have a secondary particle diameter of 30 ?m or less.

Abstract: A dryer seal structure which incorporates a polyurethane foam interior. The foam incorporates a flame retardant additive of intumescent character to provide enhanced resistance to flammability.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a flame retardant thermoplastic resin composition having excellent weatherability comprising (A) about 100 parts by weight of a rubber modified aromatic vinyl resin comprising (a1) about 15 to about 100% by weight of a grafted copolymer resin prepared by graft-polymerizing about 5 to 65% by weight of a rubbery polymer, about 10 to 95% by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer and about 0 to 40% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable with said aromatic vinyl monomer; and (a2) about 0 to 85% by weight of a copolymer resin prepared by polymerizing about 40 to 90% by weight of an aromatic vinyl monomer and about 10 to 60% by weight of a monomer copolymerizable with said aromatic vinyl monomer; (B) about 0.1 to about 10 parts by weight of a ring-shaped alkyl phosphonate ester compound; and (C) about 0.05 to about 3 parts by weight of a HALS compound.

Abstract: Flame retardant formulations comprised of at least one bromine-containing polyol are produced by a process which comprises: A) heating a mixture formed from components comprised of (i) tetrabromophthalic anhydride, (ii) at least one aliphatic polyol, and (iii) at least one liquid straight chain aliphatic diester of a straight-chain alkane dicarboxylic acid to form an intermediate composition; and B) contacting all or a portion of the intermediate composition one or more times with (iv) at least one alkylene oxide that results in the formation of a liquid product formulation, and optionally, removing any excess alkylene oxide present; the amounts of (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) used being proportioned to form a formulation having a bromine content of at least about 40 wt %, a viscosity at 25° C. of about 20,000 cps or less, and an acid number as determinable by aqueous sodium hydroxide titration and expressed in terms of potassium hydroxide, of less than about 1 milligram of KOH per gram of the formulation.

Abstract: An intumescent fire retardant system for making polymeric moldings that is halogen-free and provides fire shielding, thermal shielding and a low heat release rate. The intumescent fire retardant system of the present invention comprises, on the basis of 100 parts by weight blended mixture, 20-45 parts of a polymeric binder based on high density polyethylene and an ?-olefin-containing copolymer, such as linear low density polyethylene, and 5-25 parts of a nitrogenous gas-generating agent, 10-30 parts of a water vapor-generating agent, 1-5 parts of an antioxidant, and 0-15 parts of a reinforcing agent. The fire retardant system of the present invention is essentially halogen-free.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame-retardant system for polymers and to polymer-based flame-retarded compositions. It relates more particularly to a flame-retardant system comprising phosphorus-comprising compounds as flame-retardant agent. The invention provides a flame-retardant system, in particular for polymers and polymer-based compositions. This flame-retardant system comprises, as flame-retardant agent, at least one compound belonging to the family of the esters and salts of phosphoric, phosphinic and phosphonic acids and at least one other compound which stabilizes the flame-retardant agent.

Abstract: Flavan-based and spirodichroman compound-based phosphate esters prepared by reacting flavans and spirodichroman compounds with phosphorus oxychloride, monophenyl dichlorophosphate, or diphenyl chlorophosphate compounds are described. The flavans and spirodichroman compounds can be synthesized by the reaction of resorcinol with aliphatic acetone. Such phosphate esters can be used as flame retardants.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant resin composition for a printed circuit board and a printed circuit board using the same, in more detail, to a flame retardant resin composition which includes: (a) a complex epoxy resin (b) an amino triazine type curing agent; (c) a curing accelerator; and (d) an inorganic filler, so that the flame retardant resin composition not only can show an excellent thermal stability, an excellent mechanical strength and a suitability for the imprinting lithography method but also can improve the reliability of a substrate by reducing a thermal expansion ratio, and to a printed circuit board using the same.

Abstract: The invention provides a photopolymerizable composition comprising: flame-retardant particles which contains a hydrated metal and have an average diameter of about 1 to 500 nm; and a photopolymerization reactive material. The hydrated metal preferably includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydrated magnesium, hydrated calcium, hydrated aluminum, hydrated zinc, hydrated barium, hydrated copper and hydrated nickel. A cover layer which comprises an organic compound or a polysilicone is preferably formed on surfaces of the flame-retardant particles. The invention provides a flame-retardant resin-formed article which is formed of the photopolymerized photopolymerizable composition. A flame retardancy of the article measured in accordance with the UL-94 test preferably scores HB or higher.

Abstract: A nonflammable resin composition comprises (A) at least an epoxy resin with biphenyl unit or naphthyl unit; (B) at least a phenolic resin used as a hardener, wherein the phenolic resin has a skeleton formed by phenyl rings bonding directly each other without interruption, and is in an amount of 30 to 100% by weight based on total hardeners; and (C) a curing catalyst. The said nonflammable resin has an excellent flame retardancy, a good heat resistance, and an improved moldability and reliability.

Abstract: Process technology for producing very pure reaction-derived decabromodiphenyl oxide is described. Diphenyl oxide or partially brominated diphenyl oxide or a mixture of either or both of these is fed substantially continuously over a period of about 2 to about 12 hours into a reactor containing an excess of refluxing bromine containing Lewis acid bromination catalyst, and substantially concurrently reducing the content of hydrogen bromide present in the reactor whereby a decabromodiphenyl oxide product having a purity of over 99%, preferably 99.5% or more, is formed in the reactor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel flame retardant formulation for thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, containing, as flame retardant component A, from 90 to 99.9% by weight of phosphinate salt of the formula (I) and/or a diphosphinate salt of the formula (II) and/or polymers thereof where R1, R2 are the same or different and are each C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl; R3 is C1-C10-alkylene, linear or branched, C6-C10-arylene, -alkylarylene or -arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K; m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4 and, as component B, from 0 to 50% by weight of a nitrogen-containing synergist or of a phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant and, as component C, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of a liquid component.

Abstract: A surface coating includes fire retarding and smoke suppressing constituents dispersed throughout an essentially non-toxic, water-based adhesive binder. The coating comprises a mixture of chemical compounds where each constituent falls into one of six functional groups, being: 1) catalyst/initiator; 2) expandable graphite; 3) carbonific, or source of carbon which additionally forms water; 4) blowing agent (a source of non-flammable gases); 5) cement; and, 6) ceramic.

Abstract: Non-halogen flame-resistant thermoplastic elastomer composition, manufacturing method, and an electric wire or cable in which non-halogen flame-resistant thermoplastic elastomer composition is used for an insulator or a sheath are provided. Non-halogen flame-resistant thermoplastic elastomer composition includes (A) 40 to 80 parts by weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, in which the content of vinyl acetate is 30 wt % or more; (B) 60 to 20 parts by weight of crystalline polyolefin resin; and (C) 40 to 250 parts by weight of metalhydroxide for 100 parts by weight in total of (A) and (B). Further, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is cross-linked with silane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a halogen-free, flame retarder composition for use in a thermoplastic composition, in particular a glassfibre-reinforced polyamide composition, which flame retarder composition contains at least 10-90 mass % phosphinate compound according to formula (I) and/or formula (II) and/or polymers thereof and 90-10 mass % polyphosphate salt of a 1,3,5-triazine compound according to formula (III) and 0-30 mass % olefin copolymer. When used as a flame retarder in glassfibre-reinforced compositions the halogen-free flame retardant composition results in a combination of a V-0 rating according to the UL 94 test of Underwriters Laboratories and excellent mechanical properties. The invention therefore also relates to the use of this flame retarder composition as a flame retarder in a polyamide composition, and a flame retardant polyamide composition that contains the flame retarder composition.

Abstract: Fire-resistant structural composites are comprised of a phenolic resin system, reinforcing fibers and alumina tri-hydrate. The composites may be formed into structural or load-bearing parts, and are particularly suited for applications requiring high strength and a high degree of fire-resistance, such as in the automotive, aircraft, or ship-building industry. Optionally, a siloxane modifier may be added to the resin system to improve the flexibility and impact resistance of the composite.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid polymer additive compositions comprising blends of phosphite esters selected from the group consisting of aryl phosphites, alkyl phosphites, aryl/alkyl phosphites, bisphenol-A phosphites, dialkylene glycol phosphites and polydialkylene glycol phosphites, pentaerythritol phosphites, p-cumyl phenol phosphites with from 50 to 800 ppm inclusive of zinc per 100 parts resin. The stabilizer is used as either a complete or a partial replacement of toxic-metal containing antioxidant stabilizer additives.

Abstract: The invention relates to a flame retardant, comprising (A) a triazine-phenolic resin, (B) a nitrogen-containing compound, and (C) at least one metal compound, wherein said triazine-phenolic resin has formula (I): wherein, m and n are independently an integer ranging from 1 to 10 and R is OH, NH2, COOH, SO3H, C(O)H, or CH3CONH. The invention further relates to flame-retardant resin composition containing the above flame retardant and its use.

Abstract: Resorcinol carbonate-based phosphate esters are prepared by reacting resorcinol carbonates with phosphorous oxychloride or a chlorophosphate. The resorcinol carbonates can be synthesized by the reaction of resorcinol with phosgene or diphenyl carbonate. The resorcinol carbonate-based phosphate esters can be used as flame retardants and perhaps flowing agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel flame retardant dispersion for thermoplastic and thermoset polymers, comprising, as component A, a phosphinic salt of the formula (I), and/or a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II), and/or polymers of these, where R1 and R2 are identical or different and are C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl; R3 is C1-C10-alkylene, linear or branched, C6-C10-arylene, -alkylarylene, or -arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Zn, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na and/or K; m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4, and, as component B, a nitrogen-containing synergist or a phosphorus/nitrogen flame retardant, and, as component C, a liquid compound.

Abstract: Flame retardant formulations comprised of at least one bromine-containing polyol are produced by a process which comprises: A) heating a mixture formed from components comprised of (i) tetrabromophthalic anhydride, (ii) at least one aliphatic polyol, and (iii) at least one liquid straight chain aliphatic diester of a straight-chain alkane dicarboxylic acid to form an intermediate composition; and B) contacting all or a portion of the intermediate composition one or more times with (iv) at least one alkylene oxide that results in the formation of a liquid product formulation, and optionally, removing any excess alkylene oxide present; the amounts of (i), (ii), (iii), and (iv) used being proportioned to form a formulation having a bromine content of at least about 40 wt %, a viscosity at 25° C. of about 20,000 cps or less, and an acid number as determinable by aqueous sodium hydroxide titration and expressed in terms of potassium hydroxide, of less than about 1 milligram of KOH per gram of the formulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to phosphorus-containing flame retardant agglomerates comprising a) from 99.99 to 80% by weight of aggregates and/or primary particles composed of a phosphinic salt of the formula (I) and/or composed of a diphosphinic salt of the formula (II), and/or composed of polymers of these, where R1,R2 are identical or different and are C1-C6-alkyl, linear or branched, and/or aryl; R3 is C1-C10-alkylene, linear or branched, C6-C10-arylene, -alkylarylene or -arylalkylene; M is Mg, Ca, Al, Sb, Sn, Ge, Ti, Fe, Zr, Ce, Bi, Sr, Mn, Li, Na, K and/or a protonated nitrogen base; m is from 1 to 4; n is from 1 to 4; x is from 1 to 4 and b) from 0.01 to 20% by weight of auxiliaries. The invention likewise relates to a process for the production of these phosphorus-containing flame retardant agglomerates, and also to polymeric compositions and moldings which comprise these phosphorus-containing flame retardant agglomerates.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel flame retardant and stabilizer combined, for thermoplastics, which comprises as component A, phosphinic or diphosphinic salts and/or polymers thereof, as component B, a nitrogen containing synergist or a phosphorous/nitrogen flame retardant, as component C, a basic or amphoteric oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, silicate, borate, stannate, mixed oxide/hydroxide, oxide/hydroxide/carbonate, hydroxide/silicate, hydroxide/borate or mixtures thereof, optionally as component D, a phosphonite or a phosphonite/phosphate mixture, optionally as component E, an ester or salt of montan wax 4, and as component F, an aromatic di- or tricarboxylic ester or aromatic di- or tricarboxamide, the entirety of the components always being 100%.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a system which allows for the rapid application of a water immobilizing dispersion in sufficient quantities to increase the fire protective and wetting characteristics of water. This system also increases the evaporative cooling and quenching effects of water. The primary constituents of the composition of this system are water, purified Attapulgite clay, and an environmentally safe salt, e.g., magnesium sulfate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a styrene-hypophosphite adduct of the formula (I) {R9[C(Ph(R1, R2, R3, R4, R5))R6—CR7R8]n}mP(O)(O 1/x Mx+)(R10)2-m where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are identical or different and are hydrogen, alkyl, linear or branched, aryl, aralkyl, oxoalkyl, oxoaryl, aminoalkyl, and/or aminoaryl, R9 is H or a free-radical-initiator radical, R10 is H, Mx+ is Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al, Ge, Sn, Bi, Sb, Pb, Ti, TiO, Zr, ZrO, Zn, Fe, Ce, Mn, and/or a protonated nitrogen base having the valency x, m=1 or 2, and n=from 1 to 100, and is the number of styrene units C(Ph(R1, R2, R3, R4, R5))R6—CR7R8 inserted into the P—H bond.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel mixture of polyhydroxy phenolic curing agents, such as novolac resins blended with a mixture of mono, bis and tris hydroxyaryl phosphine oxides for co-curing epoxy resins and imparting flame resistance thereto. A preferred composition includes a mixture of monohydroxyaryl, bishydroxyaryl and trishydroxyaryl phosphine oxide and a benzoguanamine/phenol/formaldehyde terpolymer which is used along with an epoxy resin to produce flame-resistant printed wiring boards without the use of halogens.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel mixture of polyhydroxy phenolic curing agents, such as novolac resins blended with a mixture of mono, bis and tris hydroxyaryl phosphine oxides for co-curing epoxy resins and imparting flame resistance thereto. A preferred composition includes a mixture of monohydroxyaryl, bishydroxyaryl and trishydroxyaryl phosphine oxide and a benzoguanamine/phenol/formaldehyde terpolymer which is used along with an epoxy resin to produce flame-resistant printed wiring boards without the use of halogens.