Abstract: Provided are methods to separate an isotope from a first solution including uranium. The methods may include (a) cleaning the first solution to form a second solution including the uranium and a third solution including the isotope; (b) oxidizing the third solution to form an oxidized isotope; and (c) separating the oxidized isotope.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and kits for reducing interferences in immunoassays performed on solid phase and on samples containing serum or plasma, by adding an effective amount of a polycationic derivative of dextran to the assay.

Abstract: Provided is a polymer that can detect a low-molecular weight compound, in particular, 8-OHdG with high sensitivity and can be repeatedly used. Specifically, provided is a polymer including repeating units each represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R1 and R2 are each independent for each repeating unit, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and R2 represents a group represented by the following formula (2) in at least one repeating unit, and represents a phenyl group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, or a carboxyl group in any other repeating unit, and the group may be substituted with an alkyl group. In the formula (2), R3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group, L represents a divalent linking group, and * represents a site to be bonded to the carbon atom bonding to R1 in formula (1).

Abstract: A small, low-enriched, passively safe, low-power nuclear reactor comprises a core of target and fuel pins that can be processed to produce the medical isotope 99Mo and other fission product isotopes. The fuel for the reactor and the targets for the 99Mo production are the same. The fuel can be low enriched uranium oxide, enriched to less than 20% 235U. The reactor power level can be 1 to 2 MW. The reactor is passively safe and maintains negative reactivity coefficients. The total radionuclide inventory in the reactor core is minimized since the fuel/target pins are removed and processed after 7 to 21 days.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing and purifying ?-carotene by Blakeslea trispora fermentation and use thereof. The method comprises the following steps: a) separately inoculating the Blakeslea trispora strains onto a PDA culture medium so as to obtain a spore suspension; b) propagating spores in a seeding tank so as to obtain seeds for fermentation; c) inoculating the seeds for fermentation onto a fermenter and fermenting said seeds; d) adjusting the fermentation liquid to be basic by using an organic or inorganic base, and filtering so as to obtain wet mycelia; e) treating the wet mycelia with a hydrophobic non-polar organic solvent; f) mixing the wet mycelia with an organic solvent of ester and obtaining a concentrated solution by extracting; g) adding a saturated monohydric alcohol into the concentrated solution, and filtering and crystallizing so as to obtain pure ss-carotene. The content of the ss-carotene in the present invention exceeds 96%, and the yield is above 85%.

Abstract: Provided herein are silica shell particles modified on their surface with biomolecules, methods of making these particles, and methods of using these particles, e.g., in transfection methods, methods of inhibiting gene expression, and methods of delivering a therapeutic.

Abstract: Compositions comprising nanosized objects (i.e., nanoparticles) in which at least one observable marker, such as a radioisotope or fluorophore, is incorporated within the nanosized object. The nanosized objects include, for example, metal or semi-metal oxide (e.g., silica), quantum dot, noble metal, magnetic metal oxide, organic polymer, metal salt, and core-shell nanoparticles, wherein the label is incorporated within the nanoparticle or selectively in a metal oxide shell of a core-shell nanoparticle. Methods of preparing the volume-labeled nanoparticles are also described.

Abstract: A gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more nonmetals which upon irradiation do not produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would unacceptably interfere with the gamma radiation of 75Selenium. A further gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more metals or nonmetals, the neutron irradiation of which does produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would acceptably complement the gamma radiation of 75Selenium. Further, the gamma radiation source may have components that are separately irradiated before being combined and the components may be of natural isotopic composition or of isotopically modified composition so that the subsequent radiation peaks may also be adjusted in relative frequency.

Abstract: One gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium or a precursor thereof, wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of one or more thermally stable compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more nonmetals which upon irradiation do not produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would unacceptably interfere with the gamma radiation of 75Selenium. A further gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium or a precursor thereof, wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of one or more thermally stable compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more metals or nonmetals, the neutron irradiation of which does produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would acceptably complement the gamma radiation of 75Selenium.

Abstract: Compositions comprising nanosized objects (i.e., nanoparticles) in which at least one observable marker, such as a radioisotope or fluorophore, is incorporated within the nanosized object. The nanosized objects include, for example, metal or semi-metal oxide (e.g., silica), quantum dot, noble metal, magnetic metal oxide, organic polymer, metal salt, and core-shell nanoparticles, wherein the label is incorporated within the nanoparticle or selectively in a metal oxide shell of a core-shell nanoparticle. Methods of preparing the volume-labeled nanoparticles are also described.

Abstract: Neutron source comprising a composite, said composite comprising crystals comprising BeO and AmBe13, and an excess of beryllium, wherein the crystals have an average size of less than 2 microns; the size distribution of the crystals is less than 2 microns; and the beryllium is present in a 7-fold to a 75-fold excess by weight of the amount of AmBe13; and methods of making thereof.

Abstract: Methods and systems for tagging carbon dioxide to be stored in a geologic formation are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method includes: providing a carbon dioxide tracer that is quantifiable and distinguishable versus non-anthropogenic produced carbon dioxide; providing carbon dioxide to be stored in the geologic formation; determining what portion of the carbon dioxide is anthropogenic produced carbon dioxide; and mixing a predetermined quantity of the carbon dioxide tracer with the carbon dioxide stored to develop a tagged quantity of carbon dioxide for storage in the geologic formation. In some embodiments, a system for tagging a stream of carbon dioxide includes a tagging module and a mixing module. Tagging module includes a carbon dioxide tracer that is quantifiable and distinguishable versus non-anthropogenic produced carbon dioxide. Mixing module includes mechanisms for containing and injecting the carbon dioxide tracer into a stream of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: One gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium or a precursor thereof, wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of one or more thermally stable compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more nonmetals which upon irradiation do not produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would unacceptably interfere with the gamma radiation of 75Selenium. A further gamma radiation source comprises 75Selenium or a precursor thereof, wherein the 75Selenium is provided in the form of one or more thermally stable compounds, alloys or mixtures with one or more metals or nonmetals, the neutron irradiation of which does produce products capable of sustained emission of radiation which would acceptably complement the gamma radiation of 75Selenium.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a generator apparatus for separating a daughter gallium-68 radioisotope substantially free of impurities from a parent gernanium-68 radioisotope, including a first resin-containing column containing parent gernanium-68 radioisotope and daughter gallium-68 radioisotope, a source of first eluent connected to said first resin-containing column for separating daughter gallium-68 radioisotope from the first resin-containing column, said first eluent including citrate whereby the separated gallium is in the form of gallium citrate, a mixing space connected to said first resin-containing column for admixing a source of hydrochloric acid with said separated gallium citrate whereby gallium citrate is converted to gallium tetrachloride, a second resin-containing column for retention of gallium-68 tetrachloride, and, a source of second eluent connected to said second resin-containing column for eluting the daughter gallium-68 radioisotope from said second resin-containing column.

Abstract: A protective cover and radionuclide generator assembly. The cover protecting inlet and outlet connections disposed on the radionuclide generator. The radionuclide generator having a distal end having a generally flat top surface. The protective cover removably fixed at the distal end and positioned over the generally flat top surface. The protective cover engaging with the radionuclide generator and providing an interference fit. The interference fit preventing the removal of the cover from the radionuclide generator, unless so desired by a user. The cover being made from a radioactive resistant polypropylene.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for separating ions of metallic elements are provided. Preferred methods utilize a hydrophobic chelating extractant, such as an organophosphorus compound, adsorbed onto carbon or graphite fibers in the form of felt. Also described is a new thallium-201 generator that comprises a column containing an acidic organophosphorus extractant adsorbed on carbon or graphite fibers, and a yttrium-90 generator system comprised of two extraction columns designed to selectively absorb yttrium-90 at different pH, to enable the separation of yttrium-90 from strontium-90. The two columns are connected in series for stepwise separation. The yttrium-90 product is freed from residual strontium-90 and metal contaminants and can be eluted from the second column with dilute acid, acetate buffer, water or saline for labeling biological targeted molecules. The new generator system provides rapid and efficient separation of yttrium-90 and is amenable to both scale-up and automation.

Abstract: Sintered, translucent ceramic microbeads, preferably alumina, titania, zirconia, yttria, zirconium phosphate, or yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) are doped with one or more optically active species. The beads may be added to substances such as explosives in order to create a distinctive optical signature that identifies a manufacturer, lot number, etc. in the event of the need for forensic analysis. Because the beads have a generally spherical surface, the radius of curvature provides an additional distinguishing characteristic by which a particular sample may be identified. The beads could also be formulated into paints if needed to create distinctive optical signatures for camouflage, decoys, or other countermeasures and could also be applied as a dust to track the movement of personnel, vehicles, etc.

Abstract: An adhesive containing a far infrared radiation ceramic powder emitting far infrared rays and a radiation source ceramic powder emitting radiations and anions. The radiation source ceramic powder includes silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide and zirconium and/or radium. The adhesive according to the present invention relaxes human beings, helps spontaneous recovery from diseases and improves health by the synergistic effects of far infrared rays, anions and radiations.

Abstract: A gamma radiation source comprising selenium-75 or a precursor therefore, wherein the selenium is provided in the form of one or more thermally stable compounds, alloys, or mixed metal phases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nanoscintillation systems, or nanoparticles containing fluor molecules, that can be used to detect an electron-emitting or alpha-particle-emitting radioisotope in the absence of organic-solvents commonly used in organic-based liquid scintillation cocktails. The invention also relates to compositions and use of three oil-in-water microemulsion precursors that can be engineered rapidly, reproducibly, and cost-effectively to produce useful nanoparticles less than 100 nanometers.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of nanoscintillation systems, or nanoparticles containing fluor molecules, that can be used to detect an electron-emitting or alpha-particle-emitting radioisotope in the absence of organic-solvents commonly used in organic-based liquid scintillation cocktails. The invention also relates to compositions and use of three oil-in-water microemulsion precursors that can be engineered rapidly, reproducibly, and cost-effectively to produce useful nanoparticles less than 100 nanometers.

Abstract: A radiation source assembly and a connector press used in producing such assemblies. In the radiation source assembly, each of the cap connector and the female connector is provided with internal round threads on its pigtail fitting hole, thus engaging with the large-diameter coil of the pigtail at the internal round threads through a thread engagement prior to a compression process of the press. The assembly also allows a person to know whether both ends of the pigtail fully reach desired points within the two connectors, thus securing a precise compressing target portion during a compression process of the press. The inserted lengths of the pigtail relative to the two connectors are maximize accomplishing a desired linearity of the assembly. In the assembly, a target biasing spring is provided on the capsule lid and allows the disc targets within the source capsule to effectively maintain a desired condition as point sources regardless of the number of targets.

Abstract: The present invention provides a generator capable of producing therapeutic Bismuth-213 doses. Also disclosed are methods of preparing Bismuth-213-labeled compounds using such generator and applications of the labeled compounds.

Abstract: A polymer comprising a tagging material is provided wherein the tagging material comprises at least one organic fluorophore dye, at least one inorganic fluorophore, at least one organometallic fluorophore, at least one semi-conducting luminescent nanoparticle, or combination thereof, wherein the tagging material has a temperature stability of at least about 350° C. and is present in a sufficient quantity such that the tagging material is detectible via a spectrofluorometer at an excitation wavelength in a range between about 100 nanometers and about 1100 nanometers. Further embodiments of the present invention include a method for identifying a polymer and an article comprising a polymer wherein the polymer contains the aforementioned tagging material.

Abstract: A tracer solution suitable for use in measuring flow velocities in a borehole, includes: a) a gadolinium salt of a carboxylic acid of general formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl of not less than four carbon atoms, typically C4 or C5 alkyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, typically hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; b) a free branched-chain carboxylic acid such as an excess of the acid used to form the Gd salt; and c) a non-polar solvent such as hexane or heptane. The Gd content of the solution should be not less than about 50 g/l and is best when it is as high as possible, for example greater than 100 g/l, and the viscosity should be less than 20 cP.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of stabilizing an aqueous solution of .sup.99 Mo molybdate, characterized in that a substance, selected from water-soluble nitrates, chlorates and phosphates is added.The invention further relates to aqueous solutions of .sup.99 Mo molybdate containing an added stabilizing substance, and optionally an added oxidizing agent.

Abstract: Additives are proposed for compositions comprising radiolabelled organic compounds e.g. 32P-labelled nucleotides. Stabilisers are selected from tryptophan, para-aminobenzoate, indoleacetate and the azole group. Dyes are selected from Sulphorhodamine B, Xylene Cyanol, Azocarmine B and New Coccine. Preferred compositions contain both stabiliser and dye.

Abstract: Radiopharmaceutical formulations for complexes comprising at least one radionuclide complexed with a ligand, or its physiologically-acceptable salts thereof, especially .sup.153 samarium-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, which optionally contains a divalent metal ion, e.g. calcium, and is frozen, thawed, and then administered by injection.

Abstract: A tracer solution suitable for use in measuring flow velocities in a borehole, includes: a) a gadolinium salt of a carboxylic acid of general formula ##STR1## where R is an alkyl of not less than four carbon atoms, typically C4 or C5 alkyl, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group, typically hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; b) a free branched-chain carboxylic acid such as an excess of the acid used to form the Gd salt; and c) a non-polar solvent such as hexane or heptane. The Gd content of the solution should be not less than about 50 g/l and is best when it is as high as possible, for example greater than 100 g/l, and the viscosity should be less than 20 cP.

Abstract: Additives are proposed for compositions comprising radiolabelled organic compounds e.g. 32P-labelled nucleotides. Stabilizers are selected from tryptophan, para-aminobenzoate, indoleacetate and the azole group. Dyes are selected from Sulphorhodamine B, Xylene Cyanol, Azocarmine B and New Coccine. Preferred compositions contain both stabilizer and dye.

Abstract: A method of characterizing an unknown organism species which comprises, determining the position of part or whole of evolutionarily conserved DNA sequences in DNA of the organism, relative to the position of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites in the DNA, thereby to obtain an identifying genetic characterization of the unknown organism, and comparing the characterization with information from at least two sets of identifying genetic characterizations derived from the same conserved sequences, each of the sets defining a known organism species.

Abstract: A process for preparation of silicon-32 is provided and includes contacting an irradiated potassium chloride target, including spallation products from a prior irradiation, with sufficient water, hydrochloric acid or potassium hydroxide to form a solution, filtering the solution, adjusting pH of the solution to from about 5.5 to about 7.5, admixing sufficient molybdate-reagent to the solution to adjust the pH of the solution to about 1.

Abstract: Additives are proposed for compositions comprising radiolabelled organic compounds e.g. 32P-labelled nucleotides. Stabilisers are selected from tryptophan, para-aminobenzoate, indoleacetate and the azole group. Dyes are selected from Sulphorhodamine B, Xylene Cyanol, Azocarmine B and New Coccine. Preferred compositions contain both stabiliser and dye.

Abstract: Process for preparing a radionuclide generator for producing Tc-99m or Re-188. A clear solution containing a metallic cation and an anion comprising W-188 or Mo-99 is provided. The metallic cation is present in the solution as a dissolved complex of the metallic cation and a complexing agent and/or the anion being present in the solution as a dissolved complex of the anion and a complexing agent. The dissolved complex(es) are decomposed to form a slurry containing a precipitate of the metallic cation and the anion. The precipitate is transferred to an elutable container of a radionuclide generator.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing selenium-72, separating it from its daughter isotope arsenic-72, and generating multiple portions of a solution containing arsenic-72 from a reusable parent substance comprised of selenium-72. The invention provides apparatus which can be located at a site where arsenic-72 is used, for purposes such as PET imaging, to produce arsenic-72 as needed, since the half-life of arsenic-72 is very short.

Abstract: Microspheres for radiation therapy of a mammal which have a non-radioactive isotope which emits beta or gamma radiation of therapeutic intensity upon being irradiated. The microspheres also contain elements which do not become radioactive upon irradiation. The chemical durability of the microspheres is such that they do not release a significant amount of radiation emitting radioisotope into the mammal's system upon administration. Microspheres containing phosphorus or yttrium; and carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, vanadium, manganese, gallium, niobium, iodine and/or lead.

Abstract: An improved method for radio-labelling leucocytes in vitro with Tc-99m d,1-HMPAO (Technetium-99m-d,1-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime) for use in scintigraphic imaging of inflammatory lesions enhances the labelling efficiency by incubating the leucocytes with Tc-99m d,1-HMPAO in the presence of an acid citrate dextrose solution and by depleting residual RBCs from the leucocytes prior to such incubation step. The RBC depletion is accomplished by means of a rocking step.

Abstract: A stabilized radionuclide-colloid composition useful in therapeutic radiation ablation therapies is disclosed. The composition contains a viscosity modifier layered mixed metal hydroxide and optionally an ion exchange medium to stabilize the radioactive colloid.

Abstract: Reagents and processes for reductively introducing deuterium or tritium into organic molecules are described. The reagents are deuterium or tritium analogs of trialkyl boranes, borane or alkali metal aluminum hydrides. The process involves forming these reagents in situ from alkali metal tritides or deuterides.

Abstract: There is provided radioactive particles having a ceramic matrix and an element which can be bombarded with neutrons to produce a gamma ray-emitting isotope. The particles are manufactured by mixing the ceramic components and the element, forming particles, sintering the particles, and the particles are subsequently made radioactive by bombardment with neutrons. Particles injected into wells or flow apparatus are traced by adding the radioactive particles and detecting the radioactive particles with gamma ray-sensitive instruments. Particles containing different elements are detected by spectral analysis of gamma rays.

Abstract: A method and a generator for separating daughter radioisotope from a stock solution containing the daughter radioisotope and its parent are provided. The generator is provided with a glass adsorbent which preferentially adsorbs daughter radioisotope relative to the parent radioisotope and circulation means for withdrawing the stock solution from a reservoir, contacting the solution with the glass adsorbent to adsorb the daughter radioisotope and returning the parent radioisotope-enriched solution to the reservoir. In the process stock solution containing daughter radioisotope having a predetermined pH is contacted with the glass adsorbent to selectively adsorb the daughter radioisotope thereon and the daughter radioisotope is eluted with an eluant at a second predetermined pH. The process also includes a step of washing the glass adsorbent with a wash solution at the first predetermined pH to remove traces of the parent radioisotope from the adsorbent prior to eluting the daughter radioiotope.

Abstract: This composition is made up of an injectable aqueous solution of a glycoprotein, hyalurenectin, onto which a radioactive element is bound.

Abstract: New and useful chromophores have been isolated from the reaction mixture of proteins exposed to reducing sugars in the presence of sulfite over time. The chromophores are believed to be intermediates in nonenzymatic polypeptide glycosylation. The measurement of this chromophore makes possible both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the presence of nonenzymatic browning. Diagnostic and test kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: Boronic acid adducts of technetium-.sup.99m imine-dioxime complexes are useful for imaging the myocardium, hepatobiliary system, brain and blood pool in humans and other mammalian species.

Abstract: A stabilized oral pharmaceutical bead dosage form of sodium iodide I-131 is described. The sodium iodide I-131 is dissolved in a polymer film and the polymer film is applied by conventional coating technology which affixes the sodium iodide I-131 to inert substrate beads. The film also stabilizes the sodium iodide I-131 from chemical degradation.The utility of the bead dosage form is that it provides a decreased radiation hazard over that of handling a sodium iodide I-131 liquid. At the time of manufacture a specified amount of sodium iodide I-131 is applied to the substrate beads. The sodium idoide I-131 containing beads are then stored appropriately until dispensed by the pharmacist or physician. The key advantage of this system is that dispensing flexibility is maintained because as the sodium iodide I-131 undergoes radioactive decay the pharmacist or physician can compensate for the loss by dispensing a larger quantity of the coated beads to constitute the prescribed sodium iodide I-131 dose.

Abstract: A method and generator for preparing the radioisotope of lead, .sup.212 Pb, whereby .sup.228 Th, in a closed chamber, is allowed to decay to gaseous .sup.220 Rn which is then readily separated from the thorium and other decay products by diffusing the .sup.220 Rn gas into a second chamber, where it decays to .sup.212 Pb which can then be collected from the second chamber. The .sup.228 Th preferably is amorphous, such as thorium stearate. Collection of .sup.212 Pb occurs in a medium of high and open porosity into which the .sup.220 Rn diffuses so that the decay products recoil into the medium. The .sup.212 Pb can be recovered from this medium by dissolving the medium or by reacting it with an antibody-chelating complex solution to entrap it in the antibody-chelating complex.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved autoradiography enhancer composition and method of use. The enhancer composition uses an acid anhydride as a dehydration agent.

Abstract: A radioactive microsphere for radiation therapy of a mammal comprising a biologically compatible glass material containing a beta or gamma emitting radioisotope distributed substantially uniformly throughout the glass. Advantageously, the radioisotope is produced by irradiation of the microsphere.

Abstract: A radioactive assay method for measuring the humectant properties of cosmetic or non-cosmetic formulations or substances of any consistency, e.g. biological or synthetic liquids, solids, solutions, suspensions, isolated stratum coreum and hair, by measuring the uptake of radioactive water vapor.

Abstract: Receptor blocking technology using proteins conjugated to polymers of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine for treatment of antibody-mediated autoimmune disease, membrane and tumor disorders is disclosed.