Abstract: Provided is a flame retardant and latent hardener composition including a blend of 30-100% (by weight based on total solids) of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate, 0-50% (by weight based on total solids) of monoammonium. The flame-retardant/hardener composition is prepared as a solid blend or a liquid composition, the liquid composition being an aqueous composition including a liquid aqueous solution of the contents ranging from 25% w/w to 80% w/w. Methods for making flame retarded fiber boards using the composition as flame retarder and a hardener for the resin used in the production of the boards are also provided.

Abstract: Producing silicon carbide carbon foam is described. The process includes filling the pores of a carbon foam with a polysiloxane resin and heating the impregnated carbon foam to high temperatures to convert the silicon in the polysiloxane resin to silicon carbon within the carbon foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aminosulfonate and aminocarboxylate compositions derived from a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines including at least one polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine and its analog, a di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl) amine. The aminosulfonate and aminocarboxylate compositions are useful for many purposes including amphoteric surface-active agents and aqueous film forming foams in fire fighting applications.

Abstract: A fire suppression non-aqueous liquid concentrate includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, a C10-18 paraffin or a C10-18 olefin, a non-ionic surfactant, and an alcohol amine neutralizer. The non-aqueous liquid concentrate forms a dilute dispersion when added to water. The dilute dispersion clings to a surface, and forms an intumescent char coating upon fire contact.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, and hydrophobic agglomerating material.

Abstract: A polymeric fire fighting water additive composition containing an aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymer, and an emulsifier. The acrylic copolymer is preferably polyacrylamide. The acrylic copolymer has a polymeric weight of 5,000,000-50,000,000 Daltons or between 12,000,000-15,000,000 Daltons and is negatively charged. A surfactant acts as an inverter. The aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymer is present in a range 35% to 70% by volume in the concentrate and the emulsifier is present in a range 10% to 70% by volume.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in solid materials is disclosed herein. The product is thixotropic and comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more stabilizers, and one or more preservatives. In some embodiments, the product further comprises one or more thickeners, one or more binders, one or more fining agents, one or more firming agents, one or more water retention agents, one or more polymers, one or more detergents, and/or one or more surfactants. The product may be used as a flame retardant to prevent fires and in active firefighting. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in solid materials is disclosed herein. The product is thixotropic and comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more stabilizers, and one or more preservatives. In some embodiments, the product further comprises one or more thickeners, one or more binders, one or more fining agents, one or more firming agents, one or more water retention agents, one or more polymers, one or more detergents, and/or one or more surfactants. The product may be used as a flame retardant to prevent fires and in active firefighting. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in liquids is disclosed herein. The product comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more polymers, one or more surfactants, one or more emulsifiers, one or more preservatives, and one or more firming agents. In some embodiments, the product may further comprise one or more stabilizers, one or more binders, and/or one or more fining agents. The product may be used as a fire extinguishing agent in active firefighting and as a flame retardant to prevent fires. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials to which it has been applied using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in liquids is disclosed herein. The product comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more polymers, one or more surfactants, one or more emulsifiers, one or more preservatives, and one or more firming agents. In some embodiments, the product may further comprise one or more stabilizers, one or more binders, and/or one or more fining agents. The product may be used as a fire extinguishing agent in active firefighting and as a flame retardant to prevent fires. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials to which it has been applied using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention is directed to fire retardant compositions comprising clay and starch and uses thereof to protect structures and objects from fire and/or excessive heat.

Abstract: A stabilized foam formed from a foaming aqueous solution comprising from 0.1 to 7 mol of one or more decontamination, stripping and/or degreasing reactants per liter of solution and from 0.01 to 15% by weight of a solid stabilizing agent of solid particles type, with respect to the total weight of the solution, and a process for the preparation of said stabilized foam, to its use in decontaminating, stripping and/or degreasing a surface and to a process for decontaminating, stripping and/or degreasing a surface.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, and agglomerating material.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, hydrohopbic agglomerating material, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mixture of polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amines including at least one polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl amine and its analog, a di(polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl)amine. The invention also relates to polyfluoroalkylsulfonamido alkyl halide intermediate used to make the aforementioned mixture.

Abstract: Aqueous film forming firefighting composition concentrates are provided that contain an effective amount of a monomelic zwitterionic or anionic C6 perfluoroalkyl surfactant having a molecule weight less than 800 daltons. The compositions also contain an effective amount of a foam stabilizing agent, and an effective amount of at least one non-fluorinated surfactant. The composition has less than 0.8% F, and is substantially free of any surfactant containing a perfluoroalkyl group containing more than 6 carbon atoms. The composition meets Military Specification MIL-F-24385F.

Abstract: Fire extinguishing compositions and methods of extinguishing a fire comprising compounds of formula (I) where Rf is a fluorocarbon group. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of or as additives to AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) formulations used for the extinguishment of fuel and solvent fires.

Abstract: Aqueous droplets encapsulated in a flame retardant polymer are useful in suppressing combustion. Upon exposure to a flame, the encapsulated aqueous droplets rupture and vaporize, removing heat and displacing oxygen to retard the combustion process. The polymer encapsulant, through decomposition, may further add free radicals to the combustion atmosphere, thereby further retarding the combustion process. The encapsulated aqueous droplets may be used as a replacement to halon, water mist and dry powder flame suppression systems.

Abstract: Foams and methods of using foams for fighting fires in confined areas (i.e., mine shafts) are provided. In one embodiment, a foam for extinguishing a fire is provided. The foam includes a surfactant; a non-flammable liquid; and an inert gas having a density substantially less than air. Preferably, the density of the foam is substantially less than the density of air. The light foam will allow a basic form of directional control of the foam because the light foam will float towards the ceiling of a cavern or mine shaft. This offers fire fighters several options in extinguishing an underground fire.

Abstract: In a first aspect a fire fighting foaming composition contains a partially acetylated polyvinyl alcohol. In a second aspect the fire fighting foaming composition contains chitosan together with a surfactant such as a protein derived surfactant or a hydrocarbon surfactant which is either amphoteric or non-ionic. The compositions can form effective fire fighting foams in the absence of fluorinated surfactants and other fluorinated compounds.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, paraffin or olefin, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: Fire extinguishing compositions and methods of extinguishing a fire comprising compounds of formula (I) where Rf is a fluorocarbon group. The compounds and compositions described herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of or as additives to AFFF (aqueous film forming foam) formulations used for the extinguishment of fuel and solvent fires.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, paraffin or olefin, and a neutralizer.

Abstract: A composition and method for forming a hydrophobic coating on a metallic substrate are disclosed. The composition comprises: (a) a perfluorinated acid, (b) a surfactant, (c) an organic solvent, and (d) water. The composition is applied to the metal surface, the organic solvent and water permitted to evaporate and coalesce to form a substantially continuous film that preferably is in the form of a self-assembled monolayer covalently bonded to the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A composition made up of an inorganic fire-retardant having at least a bimodal distribution of particle sizes.

Abstract: A fire control system according to various aspects of the present invention includes an extinguishant having a suppressant and a thermal absorbant. The suppressant is configured to suppress the fire. The thermal absorbant is configured to absorb heat from the fire. In one embodiment, the thermal absorbant is configured to absorb thermal radiation from the fire and inhibit reflection of thermal radiation from the suppressant and/or other surfaces back into the fire. In additional and alternative embodiments, the thermal absorbant may be configured to transfer heat into the surface and/or interior of suppressant particles or droplets to promote activation of the suppressant.

Abstract: A composition made up of an inorganic fire-retardant having at least a bimodal distribution of particle sizes.

Abstract: An easily breakable variable viscosity gel composition comprising a mixture of water, pH adjusting agents, gelling agents, and property enhancing additives evenly dispersed into the mixture, and an alkaline electrolyte viscosity increasing agent that raises the pH of the mixture to instantaneously trigger formation of a smooth homogeneous stable gel of desired viscosity for firefighting and fire suppression, explosion suppression and other uses. The gel also has the capacity to cling to, and build upon, vertical and horizontal surfaces which deprives fires of air while simultaneously profoundly and almost instantly lowering the temperature of the burning fuel, yet when effortlessly broken to a liquid by the simple addition of calcium or similar compositions, is easily rinsed away as a non-hazardous environmentally safe liquid. Additionally, when used to surround explosives, the gel grants exceptional explosion suppression.

Abstract: Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fatty acid alkanolamides or polyolamides containing at least one group Y, where Y stands for CF3—(CH2)a—O—, SF5—, CF3—(CH2)a—S—, CF3CF2S—, [CF3—(CH2)a]2N— or [CF3—(CH2)a]NH—, where a stands for an integer selected from the range from 0 to 5, or formula (I), where Rf stands for CF3—(CH2)r—, CF3—(CH2)r—O—, CF3—(CH2)r—S—, CF3CF2—S—, SF5—(CH2)r— or (CH2)r]2N—, [CF3—(CH2)r]NH— or (CF3)2N—(CH2)r—, B stands for a single bond, O, NH, NR, CH2, C(O)—O, C(O), S, CH2—O, O—C(O), N—C(O), C(O)—N, O—C(O)—N, N—C(O)—N, O—SO2 or SO2—O, R stands for alkyl having 1 to 4 C atoms, b stands for 0 or 1 and c stands for 0 or 1, q stands for 0 or 1, where at least one radical from b and q stands for 1, and r stands for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, to processes for the preparation of these compounds, and to uses of these surface-active compounds.

Abstract: The current invention relates to water-swellable polymers at least partially comprised of sulfonic acid group containing monomers as additives for fire extinguishing water, which exhibits an elevated NaCl content, used in fire prevention and to combat fire.

Abstract: The invention provides an aqueous foaming composition, an expanded foam composition and a process of forming a foam composition concentrate. The aqueous foaming composition comprises a carbonised saccharide mixture, a surfactant, water and optionally further agents including thickeners, solvents, stabilisers, buffers, corrosion inhibitors and preservatives. Foaming compositions of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in fire prevention, suppression and extinguishment, vapour suppression and wetting of surfaces.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for fire-resisting and fire-extinguishing with pro-environmental characteristic. More particularly, the present invention relates to the composition comprising monobasic sodium phosphate, dibasic ammonium phosphate, borax, boric acid, olyoxyalkylated alkyl phosphoric acid ester and water.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fire fighting and cooling composition. The composition includes a non-ionic surfactant selected from alkyl polyglycosides, N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones, and combinations thereof. The alkyl polyglycoside non-ionic surfactants have a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl side chain of from 6 to 18 carbon atoms and the N-alkyl-2-pyrrolidones have a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl side chain of from 8 to 10 carbon atoms. The composition also includes an anionic surfactant selected from alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl ether phosphates, and combinations thereof. The composition further includes an amphoteric surfactant. In the composition, the non-ionic surfactant is present at a concentration of from about 0.25% to about 13.0% by weight, the anionic surfactant is present at a concentration of from about 10.0% to about 50.0% by weight, and the amphoteric surfactant is present at a concentration of from about 0.5% to about 15.0% by weight.

Abstract: Fire retardant compositions containing an extract of African Oil Palm fruit, methods of preparing such compositions, and their use in imparting fire resistance to objects are disclosed.

Abstract: Fire extinguishant and method for its manufacture comprising carbonate material which is present in a finely ground or crystalline/ precipitated form in a mixture with an aqueous carrier medium, preferably I the form of a homogenous dispersion. Method for extinguishing fire by spraying application of such a fire extinguishant is also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-in-oil polymer dispersions comprising of a continuous organic phase and therein finely dispersed and cross-linked, water-swellable polymerizates, where these have a residual monomer content of less than 1,000 ppm. The present invention relates further to a process for the production of polymer dispersions according to the invention. In addition, the present invention relates to devices for fire prevention and firefighting and to the use of the polymer dispersions according to the invention.

Abstract: Use of aqueous dispersions of water-soluble and/or water-swellable anionic polymers and water-soluble neutralizing agents as an additive to aqueous extinguishing agents, and method for fighting fires with aqueous extinguishing agents, an aqueous dispersion of water-soluble and/or water-swellable anionic polymers and at least one water-soluble neutralizing agent being mixed with water so that the mixture has a polymer content of not more than 5% by weight and a pH of at least 5.5.

Abstract: Methods of reducing smoke levels in smoke-affected areas, reducing the level of toxic compounds produced by fires, fire suppression, and increasing flame retardancy. In particular, methods according to the present invention comprise dispersing nanocrystalline particles in the areas affected by smoke for sorption of smoke particulates and toxic compounds produced from a fire. The nanocrystalline particles are also effective for use in methods of fire suppression and flame retardancy.

Abstract: In the prevention of the spread of fires and for directly fighting fires, a cross-linked, water-swellable additive polymer in a vegetable oil dispersion is added to firefighting water. The additive has the properties of absorbing large quantities of water, high viscosity for adherence to vertical and horizontal surfaces, and retention of sufficient fluidity to be educted in standard firefighting equipment. The method of adding this additive to the firefighting water by eduction, pumping, or batch addition to the source water is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions that prevent expansion of a fire, suppress existing fire, as well as methods of preparing and using such compositions. The composition is comprised of water, pseudo-plastic high yield suspending agent and starch. Compositions may contain additional functional agents, such as rheological, wetting, foaming, coloring, chelating, antimicrobial and stabilizing agents. In the description of the present invention, all composition modifications are referred to as compositions. The composition, an augmentation of water, exhibits the characteristics of a sag resistant aqueous gel in the tank, but has shear thinning capacity, allowing the composition to be pumped or sprayed as easily as water. At the point of impact, when the sprayed composition is again at rest, it instantly reverts to a sag resistant aqueous gel. The composition also forms an intumescent, surface char layer upon contacting a fire.

Abstract: A foam concentrate or fire fighting composition for extinguishing and/or retarding fires is provided that meets UL162, Class B performance criteria for at least one of AFFF agents, AR-AFFF agents and fluoroprotein (FP) agents. The concentrate is used to form the fire fighting composition when mixed with water. The concentrate or fire fighting composition includes a high molecular weight fluoropolymer and water and may have a fluorine content wherein less than about 0.008% fluorine by weight of the fire fighting composition is provided from any fluorochemical surfactant. Further, the composition may meet the UL162, Class B performance criteria without forming a stable seal on cyclohexane.

Abstract: A composition which retards the spread of fire, protects assets at risk from fire damage and emits a material which aids in extinguishing the fire. The composition may be either in the form of a gel or a foam and may be used to protect any sort of object, such as personal property, real property or even humans, from fire. The gel form of the composition contains urea or a urea derivative that retains water and releases CO2 upon heating. In addition, a rheology modifier containing carboxyl groups is also employed. The foam form of the composition contains the urea or urea derivative and the rheology modifier, along with a foam generator such as sodium bicarbonate and citric acid. A method of retarding fire comprises the coating of an item with the fire retardant such that the retardant protects the item from the fire and aids in extinguishing the fire by releasing carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A fire suppressant, fire suppressant mist, and method of atomizing a water mist for suppressing a fire are provided by in-situ atomization of water droplets within a fire using water-in-oil microemulsions. The discrete phase of emulsion is a low boiling point oil or water immiscible fluid additive combined with water and a surfactant or cosurfactant. Each dropet provides a microemulsion. During the heating of the microemulsion droplet inside the flame, the water immiscible fluid vaporizes and causes fragmentation of the water droplet, producing extremely small droplets useful in fire suppression.

Abstract: The present invention provides a foam fire-extinguishing agent devoid of environmentally harmful fluorochemical surfactant. The foam fire-extinguishing agent comprises a foamable synthetic surfactant consisting of (a) polyoxyethylene alkyl sulfate ester salt, and (b) at least either one of lauric acid amide propyldimethyl amino betaine acetate and lauric acid amide propylhydroxy sulfobetaine. This foam fire-extinguishing agent may further include at least either one of (c) polyoxyalkylenediamine having both terminal ends substituted with amino alkyl, and derivatives thereof, (d) polyoxyethylene coconut fatty acid monoethanol amide phosphate ester and (e) dodecyl alcohol.

Abstract: A fire retardant composition that is halogen-free comprises an aqueous solution of an amine, a borate and a phosphate. The claimed composition is effective in providing wood-based panels like medium- or high-density fibreboards with high fire resistance without a diminution in their physical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: The present invention provides a powdery fire retardant which enables an excellent fire retardant foam to be easily prepared. The present invention also provides a method of preparing a fire retardant foam by using the powdery fire retardant.

Abstract: A gel is produced by magnetically treating and mixing two solutions and in one embodiment subsequently introducing carbon dioxide gas. The first solution is comprised of water and sodium bicarbonate, and the second solution is comprised of water and sodium silicate. The first solution is passed through a positively charged magnetic field, and the second solution is passed through a negatively charged magnetic field. The two solutions are then mixed together to form a gel. The resulting gel has excellent fire-fighting capabilities because of its high heat absorption and emissive qualities. The gel can also be used to aid in the removal of surface coatings.

Abstract: A biodegradable, non-toxic firefighting concentrate composition. The preferred compositions include a mixture of a C14-C18 5 mole ethoxylated tallow amine, 2 mole ethoxylated coconut amine, and 5 mole ethoxylated coconut amine, wherein the blend is neutralized with a C6 carboxylic acid; an aliquot of 33 parts is added to 3 parts of a 2 mole ethoxylated linear alcohol having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, and enough water to bring the total weight percentage to 70%. Ten to fifteen parts of sodium lauryl sulfate is added and the balance of water is added to bring the total up to 100%. The composition is also effective when mixed with glycol dimethyl ether, the incorporation of a filming protein based agent, dye, or foam forming materials. In addition, the composition is useful with soil bacteria for remediating soil contaminated with hydrocarbon fuel and for facilitating fuel dispersion and degradation within bacterial-action sewage systems.

Abstract: The invention provides for a substantially non-aqueous, flame extinguishing composition for extinguishing a fire at the sight of a potential flame having a flurocarbon in admixture with a gelled powder additive having salts of weak acids which decompose at the temperature of the sight to reduce or eliminate HF released by the composition when used to extinguish flames.