Abstract: A forest fire retardant composition contains a retardant compound that includes a potassium salt. The potassium salt may include a potassium salt of an organic acid, a potassium salt of an inorganic acid, or mixtures thereof. The organic acid may include formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, malic acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, uric acid, malic acid, or citric acid. The inorganic acid may include sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, carbonic acid, or hydrochloric acid. The composition may be in the form of a dry concentrate, a liquid concentrate, or a final diluted product. The final diluted product is effective in suppressing, retarding, and controlling forest fires while exhibiting corrosion resistance and low toxicity.

Abstract: A flame retardant product that contains an aqueous solution that includes a hydroxylated carbon-based component, an intumescent agent suitable for at least partially or even completely dehydrating the hydroxylated carbon-based component in such a way as to generate, under the effect of heat, a carbonaceous foam, and a thixotropic agent, selected to have a viscosity that increases as a result of water being added in the absence of shear. The solution has a sufficient concentration of the hydroxylated carbon-based component and the intumescent agent so that an addition of water to said solution increases the viscosity thereof in the absence of shear. The content by weight of the hydroxylated carbon-based component is greater than 10%.

Abstract: A method for preparing a non-corrosive fire extinguishing agent, including combining a methyl phosphate organosilane material and a perfluorohexanone to prepare the fire extinguishing agent.

Abstract: A dielectric fluid (i.e., dielectric composition) that includes a perfluorinated 1-alkoxypropene compound represented by the following general Formula (I): RfO—CF?CFCF3 wherein Rf is CF3— or CF3CF2—. Such dielectric fluids may be useful in various electrical devices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a blowing agent composition comprising a hydrofluoroolefins (HFO) and a branched hydrocarbon, and a foamable polymer composition comprising the blowing agent composition. Also disclosed is a method of making a polymer foam utilizing a blowing agent composition comprising an HFO and a branched hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a foam material for fire prevention and extinguishing and a preparation method and a use thereof. The foam material for fire prevention and extinguishing comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of foaming agent, 2.5-3.5 parts of foam stabilizer, 10-16 parts of expandable graphite, and 100 parts of water. The foam material for fire prevention and extinguishing has a foaming multiple up to 15-30 times, a viscosity of only 700 mPa·s at a flow state, and the foam could be stable for more than 12 h. After being transported to an ignition point of the goaf via the mine grouting pipeline, the foam material for fire prevention and extinguishing can spread and pile in a large area in the goaf, and thus cover and plug the float coal at low and high places, with a piling height above 1.5 m.

Abstract: An ammonium polyphosphate based fire-retardant composition comprises an ammonium polyphosphate or a diammonium phosphate, a suspending agent, a coloring agent, a surfactant, a thickening agent, and a corrosion inhibiting agent. The suspending agent may be a sheared clay. The sheared clay may be a sheared Attapulgite clay. The coloring agent may be iron oxide. The surfactant may be selected from the group of surfactants including sulfonates, carboxyl acids, carboxylates, carboxymethyl cellulose, and catechins. The surfactant may be an emulsifier. The thickening agent may be Xanthan gum with a weight average particle size diameter greater than 100 microns. The corrosion inhibiting agent may be potassium ferricyanide or potassium ferrocyanide.

Abstract: Compositions and methods are configured to reduce flammability in a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system having R32 refrigerant included in the refrigerant composition. Refrigerant compositions and methods can be used for retrofitting, servicing, controlling flammability, improving performance, lubricant solubility and miscibility, and improving the safety of an HVAC system.

Abstract: A refrigerant composition, including trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf); difluoromethane (HFC-32); and carbon dioxide (CO2), for use in a heat exchange system, including refrigeration applications and in particular aspects to the use of such compositions as a replacement of the refrigerant R-404A for heating and cooling applications and to retrofitting heat exchange systems, including systems designed for use with R-404A.

Abstract: A method of proportioning a finished foam at or near a hazard comprising proportioning and delivering a first finished foam to the hazard, determining if the first finished foam extinguishes or suppresses the hazard, if not, selecting an amount of a fluorinated additive, and proportioning a foam solution including the selected amount of the fluorinated additive to form a fluorinated finished foam. A foam injection system is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of a composition that comprises at least one hydrochlorofluoroolefin, at least one mineral oil, and air, with the air being provided in a weight concentration of less than 1%, relative to the mass of the mixture of said at least one hydrochlorofluoroolefin and air, said composition being exposed to a maximum change-of-state temperature greater than or equal to approximately 100° C.

Abstract: The present application provides a process of preparing 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, comprising reacting 3-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane with a base in an aqueous solvent component in the absence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and compositions for suppressing and extinguishing several classes of fire, e.g. Class D, fires are disclosed. The composition includes some form of powdered Aloe vera, a bio-surfactant, a thickening agent, and a diol. The composition may be mixed with paint to coat a structure thus protecting the structure from fire. The composition may also be mixed with epoxy resin for coating a structure also for fire protection. The composition may also be in the form of a gel in canisters for extinguishing fire.

Abstract: A controlled portable combustion composition, comprising a carrier, where the carrier functions as a binder and as a fuel for combustion, an oxidizer, and, an auxiliary agent, where the auxiliary agent is a transitional substance and a flame retardant which renders the composition flameless; and where substantially all of the carrier, the oxidizer, and the auxiliary agent are converted to smoke at the end of said combustion.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for producing a polyfunctional polymer that contains a structural unit having a urethane bond and a polymerizable unsaturated bond in a side chain, and is characterised by including a reaction process in which a polymer (P) containing a structural unit (a) having a hydroxy group in a side chain and a monomer (M) having an isocyanate group and a polymerizable unsaturated bond are reacted in the presence of a bismuth carboxylate.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing concentrate contains water, a first surfactant which is an anionic surfactant, a second surfactant which is an amphoteric surfactant, a third surfactant which is selected from an anionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant, the third surfactant being different from the first and second surfactants, and water, along with optional ingredients. The concentrate may be combined with water to provide a fire extinguishing composition that may be applied to a fire for a time and in an amount effective to extinguish the fire.

Abstract: A refrigeration system is disclosed. The system includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator fluidly connected to form a refrigeration circuit. A refrigerant composition including an environmentally-suitable chiller refrigerant that has a 100 year direct global warming potential (GWP) of less than 150 is included. The refrigerant composition includes a mixture including R-1336mzz-(Z) and R-1130-(E), wherein an amount of R-1336mzz-(Z) in the mixture is in a range from at or about 69% by weight to at or about 81% by weight, and an amount of R-1130-(E) in the mixture is in a range from at or about 31% by weight to at or about 19% by weight.

Abstract: Fire foam concentrates are provided that contain trimethyl glycine as a freeze suppressant, an effective amount of at least one anionic, zwitterionic or nonionic surfactant, and an effective amount of a foam stabilizing agent. Methods of preparing fire fighting foams from the concentrates, and methods of fighting fires using these foams, also are provided.

Abstract: Aqueous firefighting composition concentrates are provided that contain an effective amount of a high molecular weight water soluble anionic acrylic polymer, an effective amount of at least one high molecular weight polysaccharide gum; and an effective amount of at least one surfactant. In the present context, a high molecular weight water-soluble anionic acrylic polymer is a polymer with an average molecular weight Mw of at least one million (1000 kDa). The combination of the acrylic polymer and the gum provide a concentrate that generates foam with highly desirable firefighting properties, including high foam expansion ratio, long burnback time, and slow drainage time while avoiding problems with previous gum-containing foam concentrates, such as high viscosity and component separation upon storage.

Abstract: A surface-treating agent for vulcanized rubber, comprising, based on 100 parts by weight, as solid matters, of isocyanate group-containing 1,2-polybutadiene, an organic solvent solution containing 10 to 160 parts by weight of fluororesin particles and 2.5 to 20 parts by weight of a perfluoroalkyl group-containing oligomer-based, fluorine-containing surfactant as a dispersant. The surface-treating agent for vulcanized rubber improves the solution stability of the organic solvent solution, improves the further hardness of the entire coating film formed from the surface-treating agent, abrasion resistance, and product torque evaluation, and is effectively used as, for example, a coating agent for seal lip parts of oil seals.

Abstract: Poly-perfluoroalkyl substituted polyethyleneimine compositions are provided that act as foam stabilizers and film formers when used in fire-fighting foam concentrates. The polyethylene compositions are soluble in water, but have only low solubility in polar solvents. When aqueous film forming foam generated from these concentrates is applied to burning polar solvent the polyethyleneimine compositions precipitate at the polar solvent/foam interface and inhibit the collapse and destruction of the foam.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods for continuously producing dry water from silica and water and from silica, sodium bicarbonate, and water.

Abstract: Use of a gas mixture selected from the group comprising: —trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) in concentrations from 85% to 99% by weight and a gas selected from the group comprising fluoroethane, pentafluoroiodoethane, pentafluoroethane, dimethyl ether, propylene or their mixtures in concentrations from 15% to 1% by weight as refrigerant, propellant, foaming and/or extinguishing gases as replacements or alternatives for other gases or HFC (hydrofluorocarbon), HFO (hydrofluoro-olefin) and HFE (hydrofluoroether) mixtures.

Abstract: Refrigerant compositions are described. In particular, refrigerant compositions are described that include a two component blend, where one of the components is a refrigerant blend that, when first combined, is considered an azeotropic blend, azeotrope, near azeotropic, or the like. This component is one component of the two components of the resulting refrigerant composition, which is combined with a second component being another refrigerant.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation material and its method useful in forestry firefighting, the formulation material comprising: (a) an anhydride copolymer having a structural formula wherein a functional group X of said formula is at least one alkyl group selected from the family consisting of methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups! and (b) at least 0.1%, by weight, of at least one cross-linking agent for said anhydride copolymer, said agent selected from the group of cross-linking agents consisting of a biopolymer and a tannin, wherein a weight ratio of said anhydride copolymer to said cross-linking agent is at least 2:1, and wherein a total weight of said anhydride copolymer and said cross-linking agent, within the formulation, is at least 25% on an anhydrous basis.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing agent comprising a metallocene and a dispersion medium, the metallocene being dispersed in the dispersion medium.

Abstract: A polymeric fire fighting water additive composition containing an aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymer, and an emulsifier. The acrylic copolymer is preferably polyacrylamide. The acrylic copolymer has a polymeric weight of 5,000,000-50,000,000 Daltons or between 12,000,000-15,000,000 Daltons and is negatively charged. A surfactant acts as an inverter. The aqueous emulsion of acrylic copolymer is present in a range 35% to 70% by volume in the concentrate and the emulsifier is present in a range 10% to 70% by volume.

Abstract: Aqueous film forming firefighting composition concentrates are provided that contain an effective amount of a monomelic zwitterionic or anionic C6 perfluoroalkyl surfactant having a molecule weight less than 800 daltons. The compositions also contain an effective amount of a foam stabilizing agent, and an effective amount of at least one non-fluorinated surfactant. The composition has less than 0.8% F, and is substantially free of any surfactant containing a perfluoroalkyl group containing more than 6 carbon atoms. The composition meets Military Specification MIL-F-24385F.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention refrigerant compositions are disclosed. The refrigerant compositions contain comprise 11-28 weight percent difluoromethane; 34-59 weight percent pentafluoroethane; and 21-38 weight percent 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The refrigerant compositions are useful in processes to produce cooling, in methods for replacing refrigerant R-404A or R-507A, and in refrigeration systems. These inventive refrigerant compositions can be used in stationary and mobile refrigeration equipment, and are particularly useful for transport refrigeration units.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the steps of producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene by reacting anhydrous hydrogen fluoride with a specific chlorine-containing compound in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating; and producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene by reacting 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride in a gas phase in the presence of a fluorination catalyst while heating, the step of producing 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene being performed after the step of producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. According to the process, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene can be produced with reduced energy and equipment costs in an economically advantageous manner.

Abstract: A unique method for suppressing the spread of and extinguishing underground electrical fires in confined areas such as tunnels and conduits. A super absorbent polymer is mixed with water to form a hydrated super absorbent polymer and this admixture is applied to an electrical fire. The admixture has superior fire suppression and extinguishing properties than the fire suppression and extinguishing properties of plain water. The admixture has the ability to cling to the object(s) to which it has been applied and both cool down the object(s) and block the fire from reaching the object(s). The super absorbent polymer and water admixture also encapsulates the noxious and toxic gases produced by electrical fires and prevents the release of these toxic gases into the atmosphere. Finally, the super absorbent polymer and water mixture retains the ash, particulates, and other byproducts of the electrical fire to enable a thorough cleanup.

Abstract: A composition including 2,4,4,4-10-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene, and also the use thereof in particular as a heat transfer fluid. The composition may include: from 1% to 99% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 1% to 99% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 5% to 70% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 30% to 95% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 20% to 65% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 35% to 80% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 25% to 60% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 40% to 75% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene; preferably from 28% to 51% of 2,4,4,4-tetrafluorobut-1-ene and from 49% to 72% of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, and agglomerating material.

Abstract: A fire suppressant mixture comprising: an organic or supplemental organic fire suppressant compound having a boiling point; and an organic compound with a boiling point lower than the boiling point of the organic fire suppressant compound, wherein the organic fire suppressant compound and the organic compound are combined such that a boiling point of the mixture is lower than the boiling point of the organic fire suppressant. In some embodiments, the organic fire suppressant compound is FK 5-1-12 and the organic compound is carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, the mixture is supplemented with an additional organic compound CF3I and an inorganic pressurizing gas, such as nitrogen.

Abstract: Azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of E-1-chloro-2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene with E-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene or E-1,1,1,4,4,5,5,5-octafluoro-2-pentene. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media. Also disclosed is a process of extinguishing or suppressing a fire by using such azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotrope-like compositions as dielectrics.

Abstract: A fire suppression non-aqueous liquid concentrate includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, a C10-18 paraffin or a C10-18 olefin, a non-ionic surfactant, and an alcohol amine neutralizer. The non-aqueous liquid concentrate forms a dilute dispersion when added to water. The dilute dispersion clings to a surface, and forms an intumescent char coating upon fire contact.

Abstract: Fire extinguisher apparatus comprising at least one vessel containing a fire extinguishing medium and adapted to release said fire extinguishing medium when a fire or potential fire is identified characterised in that said fire extinguishing medium comprises an aqueous suspension of expanded vermiculite.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, and hydrophobic agglomerating material.

Abstract: Disclosed are compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, HCFC-244db and/or HFO-1234yf and at least one additional compound. For the composition comprising 1234yf, the additional compound is selected from the group consisting of HFO-1234ze, HFO-1243zf, HCFC-243db, HCFC-244db, HFC-245cb, HFC-245fa, HCFO-1233xf, HCFO-1233zd, HCFC-253fb, HCFC-234ab, HCFC-243fa, ethylene, HFC-23, CFC-13, HFC-143a, HFC-152a, HFC-236fa, HCO-1130, HCO-1130a, HFO-1336, HCFC-133a, HCFC-254fb, HCFC-1131, HFO-1141, HCFO-1242zf, HCFO-1223xd, HCFC-233ab, HCFC-226ba, and HFC-227ca. Compositions comprising HCFC-243db, HCFO-1233xf, and/or HCFC-244db are useful in processes to make HFO-1234yf. Compositions comprising HFO-1234yf are useful, among other uses, as heat transfer compositions for use in refrigeration, air-conditioning and heat pump systems.

Abstract: Azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are disclosed. The azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions are mixtures of Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and a third component. Also disclosed are compositions where the third component is cyclopentane, methanol, dimethyoxymethane, methyl formate or perfluoro ethyl isopropyl ketone. Also disclosed is a process of preparing a thermoplastic or thermoset foam by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as blowing agents. Also disclosed is a process of producing refrigeration by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as solvents. Also disclosed is a process of producing an aerosol product by using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions. Also disclosed is a process of using such azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions as heat transfer media.

Abstract: A fire suppressant mixture comprising: an organic or supplemental organic fire suppressant compound; a halogen element, and an organic compound, wherein the organic fire suppressant compound, the halogen element and the organic compound are combined such that a boiling point of the mixture is lower than the boiling point of the organic fire suppressant. In some embodiments, the organic fire suppressant compound is FK 5-1-12 and the organic compound is carbon dioxide. In other embodiments, the mixture is supplemented with an additional organic compound such as CF3I or 2,2-Dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane (R123), or an halogen element. In some embodiments an inorganic pressurizing gas, such as nitrogen, is also added.

Abstract: A resin composition includes a compound having at least two reactive hydrogen atoms and a polyurethane encapsulated particle including a core particle and a polyurethane layer disposed about the core particle. The resin composition may be used in an article and in a method of making the article. The article includes the reaction product of the resin composition and an isocyanate that are reacted in the presence of the polyurethane encapsulated particle. The method of making the article includes providing the core particle in a vessel. The method also includes introducing and combining a polyol component and an isocyanate component to encapsulate the core particle. The method further includes introducing and combining the resin composition and the isocyanate, in the presence of the polyurethane encapsulated particle, to form the article.

Abstract: Compositions are described that may be used for applications such as a fire extinguishing composition in fire extinguishing unit, refrigeration, and the like. These compositions include halocarbons and additives that may stabilize the composition in the presence of a metal, water, and/or air. For example, the compositions may include a bromofluorocarbon, such as a bromofluoroalkene, an acid scavenger stabilizer, and an antioxidant stabilizer.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide an extinguishing agent which has excellent fire-extinguishing property and which exhibits high safety to the environment and human body. The fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is characterized in comprising a biosurfactant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a biodegradable halogen-free flame retardants composition used for fire-safety and prevention, that limits and extinguishes fires by means of increased resistance to ignition, slowing down burning rates and the rate of heat, smoke and toxic gas release from polymers with different physical and chemical properties and structure, such as textiles, wooden materials, paper, cardboard, corrugated board, leather, cellular polystyrene, foamed polyurethane, and items made of them. The composition according to the invention contains orthophosphoric acid, urea, triethanolamine, ammonia water, polydimethylsiloxane, surfactant, which may be anionic, cationic, amphoteric, non-ionic or mixtures thereof and water.

Abstract: A novel flame retardant and fire extinguishing product for preventing and fighting fires in solid materials is disclosed herein. The product is thixotropic and comprises water, one or more flame retardants, one or more stabilizers, and one or more preservatives. In some embodiments, the product further comprises one or more thickeners, one or more binders, one or more fining agents, one or more firming agents, one or more water retention agents, one or more polymers, one or more detergents, and/or one or more surfactants. The product may be used as a flame retardant to prevent fires and in active firefighting. The product may be biodegradable in a natural environment, may be readily cleaned off equipment and materials using water, and may also provide other features which render it safe for the environment as compared to other commonly used products in fire prevention and firefighting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fire extinguishing composition of copper salts, which comprises a compound of copper salts and a fire retardant component with the content of 30 wt %--95 wt % for the former and 5 wt %-70 wt % for the latter respectively. A pyrotechnic agent in the composition serves as heat source and power source, and through being ignited, the pyrotechnic agent is burnt to generate high temperature to enable the composition to perform decomposition reaction so that a large quantity of the resulting fire extinguishing substances can be spouted out with the pyrotechnic agent to achieve an object of fire extinguishing. The fire extinguishing composition of copper salts can decrease the quantity of heat released by combustion of the pyrotechnic agent rapidly and efficiently, thus greatly reducing the nozzle temperature of a fire extinguishing apparatus and a sprayed substance, avoiding use of a complicated cooling system of the fire extinguishing apparatus, and also eliminating the danger of a secondary fire.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a fire-extinguishing composition comprising an organic acid compound, wherein the fire-extinguishing composition comprises an organic acid compound. The content of the organic acid compound is 50% by mass or more, and preferably 70% to 90% by mass. The organic acid compound according to the disclosure may absorb heat and be decomposed at a high temperature, and release a fire-extinguishing substance. The fire-extinguishing substance may react, by means of free radicals, with one or more of O., OH., H. free radicals that are necessary for chemical-looping combustion, thus cutting off the chemical-looping combustion, or may reduce the oxygen partial pressure by physical action to inhibit the flame, or achieve the fire-extinguishing effect by both the physical and chemical inhibition effects.

Abstract: A unique method for suppressing the spread of and extinguishing underground electrical fires in confined areas such as tunnels and conduits. A super absorbent polymer is mixed with water to form a hydrated super absorbent polymer and this admixture is applied to an electrical fire. The admixture has superior fire suppression and extinguishing properties than the fire suppression and extinguishing properties of plain water. The admixture has the ability to cling to the object(s) to which it has been applied and both cool down the object(s) and block the fire from reaching the object(s). The super absorbent polymer and water admixture also encapsulates the noxious and toxic gases produced by electrical fires and prevents the release of these toxic gases into the atmosphere. Finally, the super absorbent polymer and water mixture retains the ash, particulates, and other byproducts of the electrical fire to enable a thorough cleanup.

Abstract: A fire suppression composition includes starch, a pseudo-plastic, high yield, suspending agent, hydrohopbic agglomerating material, and a neutralizer.