Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cooling tower. The cooling tower includes a fill media, a water distribution system to distribute water to the fill media, a basin to collect the water, and a shield disposed within the tower.

Abstract: A system for carbonating fluid is provided comprising a gas supply and a fluid vessel for carbonating fluid, the fluid vessel having at least one internal surface for obstructing a return path of the gas to an upper surface of the fluid after injection. A retainer retains the fluid vessel relative to the gas supply and a gas injector injects gas from the gas supply into the fluid vessel. During use, the gas injector injects gas below a fluid level within the fluid vessel.

Abstract: A distribution unit for distributing a multi-phase fluid mixture is disclosed. The distribution unit includes a distribution body defining a first passage, and a first distal body portion having a plurality of first slots. The distribution body includes a second distal body portion having a plurality of second slots distributed on a side wall of the second distal body portion. Each of the plurality of second slots is adapted to accommodate a baffle plate. The second distal body portion includes at least one aperture formed on a bottom wall of the second distal body portion. The plurality of first slots, the plurality of second slots, and the at least one aperture are in fluid communication with the first passage to discharge the flow of the multi-phase fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a gas-redirecting device presenting an upper plane and a plurality of gas-redirecting tubes comprising an inlet end and an outlet end. For each gas-redirecting tube, the orthogonal projections of the inlet end and the outlet end onto the upper plane have an over-lapping area of at most 50% of the total area of the upper plane covered by the orthogonal projections. Also provided is a liquid-gas contacting column comprising a gas-redirecting device, a floating support comprising a liquid-gas contacting column, at least two packed beds and a method for improving the efficiency of a liquid-gas contacting column which is based on redirecting the gas from a wetted zone of a lower packed bed to a wetted zone of the higher packed bed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a distributor tray (2) for a column intended for heat and/or material exchange between a gas and a liquid. The tray comprises gas passage means (4), liquid passage means (6) and distribution means (5) for distributing the liquid with a preferred orientation. The invention also relates to a heat and/or material exchange column, and to the use of the column.

Abstract: A packing has a plurality of sheet materials spaced and arranged in parallel, and liquid flows along the flat surface thereof in a standing use state. Each sheet material has at least one member group including a plurality of support members arranged such that the upper end of the uppermost support member corresponds to the upper end of the sheet material and the lower end of the lowermost support member corresponds to the lower end of the sheet material. Each support member has a pair of support walls parallel to the liquid flow direction and perpendicular to the sheet material surface, and a bridging part connecting the support walls. A sandwiching structure is formed that one sheet material is held by at least one support member attached thereto and at least one support member attached to an adjacent sheet material, and it extends linearly through the plurality of sheet materials.

Abstract: The invention involves a scale collection device that is located within downflow reactor head for removing solids from feed streams to increase reactor operating cycle time without impact on effective reactor space for catalyst loading. More particularly, a filtering zone is located in an upper portion of a reactor vessel above a rough liquid distribution tray and a distribution tray.

Abstract: An improved vortex-type mixing device for a down-flow hydroprocessing reactor is described. The device provides improved overall mixing efficiency of an existing mixing volume in the mixing of gas and liquid phases in two-phase systems while reducing the pressure drop through the device, as compared with prior art devices. Typical hydroprocessing applications include hydrotreating, hydrofinishing, hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing.

Abstract: The invention is a distributor tray (2) of a column for heating and/or material exchanging material between a gas and a liquid, comprising gas passage casings (4), liquid passages (6) and a secondary distribution system (7) projecting from the lower part of tray (2). Secondary distribution system (7) allows the liquid to be collected and distributed more homogeneously over the contactor. The invention also relates to a gas/fluid heat or material exchange column comprising such a distributor tray.

Abstract: The invention is a distributor tray having at least one perforated wall defining compartments. The distributor tray has at least one distribution compartment through which gas and the liquid flows through the tray, and at least one retention compartment through which the liquid cannot flow through the tray. The at least one retention compartment is on the periphery of the tray. The invention also relates to a column for heat and/or material exchange between a gas and a liquid equipped with a distributor tray, to a floating barge including the column and to the use of the column.

Abstract: A wet scrubber (1) useful for cleaning a process gas comprises at least a first spray level system (20) and a second spray level system (26) arranged vertically above the first spray level system (20) in a wet scrubber tower (2). The first spray level system (20) comprises at least one gas-liquid contacting plate (38) which is operative for deflecting absorption liquid, that has been atomized by means of the second spray level system (26) and flowing downward in the wet scrubber tower (2), so deflected absorption liquid (AL) may contact process gas (F) contacted by absorption liquid atomized by the first spray level system (20).

Abstract: A mixing device mounted between two catalyst beds in a multi-bed catalytic reactor with a cylindrical shape. The mixing device has a circular outer rim which corresponds to the inner wall of the reactor, and includes a collecting section for collecting fluid from an up-stream catalytic bed, a mixing section for mixing the collected fluid, and a discharging section for discharging the mixed fluid to a down-stream catalytic bed. The collecting section, the mixing section and the discharging section are disposed outside the center of the circular cross-section of the reactor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.

Abstract: The invention is a distributor tray for a column (1) for heating and/or material exchange between a gas (G) and a liquid (L). At least one wall (6) defines compartments (8) on one of the surfaces of the tray. The walls are perforated (7) to allow part of the liquid to flow between compartments (8). Each compartment has a passage providing flow of the liquid through the tray and for a passage providing flow of the gas through the tray. The invention also relates to a gas/liquid contact column, a gas treatment unit, a CO2 capture unit, a distillation unit, and an offshore floating barge including the distributor tray. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the tray.

Abstract: Vessels including an enclosure having an outer perimeter and an interior space, a channel disposed in the interior space, a first port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a first end of the channel, and a second port disposed on a surface of the first enclosure at or proximate to a second end of the channel, where the channel has a length greater than the shortest distance between the first port and the second port, and where the first port and the second port are in fluid communication with one another. In some cases, the length of the channel is greater than a length of the outer perimeter.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device that conditions high entrance velocity, superheated feed gas, which include some high boiling components, for example, asphaltenes and poly-nuclear aromatics that tend to coke upon condensation and exposure to the superheated feed gas temperature. Also included in superheated feed gas are solid catalyst fines, from a single or multiple feed nozzles to a quiescent flow regime for uniform distribution of the gases, to a contact device within the Main Fractionator (MF) column.

Abstract: A carbonator including a sealed container, a carbonation flow path defining element located inside the sealed container and including a water inlet, a carbonation gas inlet and a carbonated water outlet, a carbonation rotor disposed along the carbonation flow path for mixing carbonation gas and water, thereby producing carbonated water, and directing the carbonated water through the carbonated water outlet into the interior of the sealed container, a water cooling coil disposed within the sealed container, a refrigerating coil disposed within the sealed container in direct heat exchange cooling engagement with the carbonated water and in indirect heat exchange cooling engagement with the water cooling coil via the carbonated water and a carbonated water circulating rotor disposed outside of the carbonation flow path defining element and being operative to circulate the carbonated water in heat exchange engagement with the water cooling coil and the refrigerating coil.

Abstract: A fluid distribution device and method is presented for the collection and distribution of fluid between reactor beds. According to various aspects, the method includes a collection tray, a mixing chamber in fluid communication with the collection tray, a rough distribution tray in fluid communication with the mixing chamber, and a fine distribution tray in fluid communication with the rough distribution tray. The rough distribution tray includes a vapor chimney.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tower for a wind energy plant having walls which are produced at least partially from individual wall sections made from a wooden material, the wall sections being connected to one another via connecting means, and to a method for erecting a tower of this type. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a tower for a wind power plant, which tower makes a greater rotor blade length possible with an unchanged height of the tower of the wind power plant and with an unchanged projection of the rotor beyond the tower outer side as viewed from the tower center axis.

Abstract: A horizontal plate microbial support media. The horizontal plate microbial support media having a plurality of frustum shaped protuberances extending there-from, the frustum shapes having a hole in their upper base for allowing fluid to flow there-through. These media plates able to be stacked for use in a bioreactor.

Abstract: A reactor for carrying out a three-phase reaction of a liquid phase, a gaseous phase, and a catalyst over a fixed catalyst bed is disclosed. The liquid and gaseous phases are passed through the reactor via a mixing and distribution device positioned over the fixed catalyst bed. The mixing and distribution device includes a trough distributor for the liquid phase, having trough-shaped channels, outlet tubes in the trough-shaped channels for the liquid phase, a distributor plate below the trough distributor, and vertical nozzles, having one or more openings for the gaseous phase and one or more openings, arranged below the openings for the gaseous phase. For entry of the liquid phase, the nozzles are installed so that, at a predetermined liquid feed rate, the surface of the liquid on the distributor plate is below the openings for the gaseous phase and above the openings for the liquid phase.

Abstract: A system and method for decontaminating water and generating water vapor includes introducing contaminated water in to a vessel. The water is moved through a series of rotating trays alternately separated by stationary baffles so as to swirl and heat the water to effect the vaporization thereof to produce a vapor having at least some of the contaminants separated therefrom. The vapor is removed from the vessel for condensing apart from the separated contaminants and the remaining water. The vapor may be passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator. Sensors in a controller may be employed to adjust the speed of rotation of the trays or water input into the vessel in response to the sensed conditions. The treated water may be recirculated and reprocessed through the vessel to increase the purification thereof.

Abstract: The matrix arrangement for use in heat transfer and/or cleaning assemblies comprises a sheet, the sheet defining a plurality of apertures for the flow of a first fluid therethrough. The arrangement is arranged for the flow of a second fluid over the sheet, so that the first and second fluids cross one another for heat transfer and/or cleaning.

Abstract: A bubble generating device includes a body having a front cover and a rear cover connected to the front cover. The front cover has a nozzle which has a passage defined therein. The rear cover has a space defined therein. A connection tube is connected to the rear cover and has a through hole so as to be connected with a spray gun. A bubble generating unit has a first net member and a second net member, both of which are located in the space. The space is defined into an expansion area, a pressure area and a bubble accumulating area by the first and second net members. The detergent is delivered into the expansion area and generates bubbles in the bubble accumulating area. The bubbles are accumulated into big lump of bubbles and sprayed by the air stream.

Abstract: An improved wet scrubber tray provides increased resistance to vibration-induced cracking. The self-supporting tray eliminates wastage of raw material, and additional internal stiffeners added to the tray make multiple intermediate stiffeners. The connection of the intermediate stiffeners to the perforated bottom plate is changed to eliminate the shop weld in the bottom plate. The holes in the perforated bottom plate are moved away from the boundaries of the tray to reduce their influence on boundary conditions. Trays are held down by plate material that is attached to the support grid, but not to the trays. Three field welds are applied to the sides of each tray to hold the trays in place relative to each other and are strategically placed to allow adjacent side stiffeners to act together as a composite section. Elastomeric material is used at the tray-to-grid attachments increases the damping of the system.

Abstract: A condensing system is provided. The condensing system may include baffle plate units having a substantially flat surface and openings configured for cooling fluid to flow through; and baffles attached to the baffle plate unit, the baffles oriented at an acute angle with respect to the baffle plate unit, the baffles having a flat surface and figured to diffuse a cooling fluid into a thin, turbulent film at a similar acute angle. A method of condensing a fluid is provided. The method includes defining a path for the fluid to be condensed to flow; spraying a cooling fluid against a baffle thereby creating a turbulent film of cooling fluid in the path for the fluid to be condensed and orienting some of the baffles to create a film of cooling fluid oriented in one direction and orienting other baffles to create a film of cooling fluid in a second direction wherein the path of the fluid to be condensed causes the fluid to be condensed to flow over films oriented in both the first and second directions.

Abstract: The invention is a distributor tray for a column (1) for heating and/or material exchange between a gas (G) and a liquid (L), comprising at least one wall (6) defining compartments (8) on one of the surfaces of the tray. The walls are perforated (7) to allow part of the liquid to flow between compartments (8). Each compartment comprise at least one means (5) providing passage of the liquid through the tray and at least one means providing passage of the gas through the tray. The invention also relates to a gas/liquid contact column, a gas treatment unit, a CO2 capture unit, a distillation unit, and an offshore floating barge comprising the distributor tray.

Abstract: A device is provided for supplying gas into water, especially for aquaculture, including a water inlet arrangement with a pipe having a first plurality of openings and a Venturi type gas dissolver unit built in the pipe, and a surrounding second element having a second plurality of openings and/or a fixed or adjustable shield.

Abstract: An improved wet scrubber tray provides increased resistance to vibration-induced cracking. The self-supporting tray eliminates wastage of raw material, and additional internal stiffeners added to the tray make multiple intermediate stiffeners. The connection of the intermediate stiffeners to the perforated bottom plate is changed to eliminate the shop weld in the bottom plate. The holes in the perforated bottom plate are moved away from the boundaries of the tray to reduce their influence on boundary conditions. Trays are held down by plate material that is attached to the support grid, but not to the trays. Three field welds are applied to the sides of each tray to hold the trays in place relative to each other and are strategically placed to allow adjacent side stiffeners to act together as a composite section. Elastomeric material is used at the tray-to-grid attachments increases the damping of the system.

Abstract: The invention is a column contact apparatus for contacting gas with liquid in an upflow in a column container, containing two or more stages of honeycomb structural bodies in the column container in a vertical direction, a space portion formed between the respective stages of the honeycomb structural bodies and a flow-aligning portion as back-flow prevention means provided in the space portion between the respective stages such that the flow-aligning portion is not brought into contact with the honeycomb structural bodies, the flow-aligning portion including a plurality of holes with hole diameters of 0.5 mm to 8 mm.

Abstract: A volatile organic compound removal device includes a cabinet having first and second slidable drawers movable between inserted and extended positions. A downcomer tube is downwardly and slidably received in an aperture of the first drawer. A sealing flange extends horizontally outward from a downcomer tube perimeter and extends beyond the aperture when the downcomer tube is received in the aperture. The sealing flange faces an upward facing surface of the first drawer and supports the downcomer tube to the first drawer using only a weight of the downcomer tube applied through the sealing flange to the upward facing surface. A removable seal pot pan is supported on an upward facing surface of the second drawer, which is aligned directly below and receives a lower end of the downcomer tube.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for dispersing gas into a liquid. The devise has a number n of successive zones Z1, Z2, . . . , Zn having static mixing elements, wherein each zone Zi has a length Li and an effective diameter Di. The mechanical energy input Et, which is standardised to the particular ratio Li/Di and acts on the gas/liquid mixture, increases from zone to zone in the flow direction. In this connection n is a whole number greater than or equal to 3 and i is an index which runs through the whole numbers from 1 to the number n of zones. The invention further relates to a method for dispersing gas into a liquid using the device according to the invention.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided a multistage-pressure condenser, including a first condenser, a second condenser and a third condenser, which are arranged in increasing order of internal pressure, the first condenser and the second condenser each including a first partition in which perforations from which condensate obtained by condensing turbine steam by cooling water drops are formed on a cooling water inflow side of the condenser rather than at a central part thereof, and a second partition which partitions a reheating room for reheating condensate dropping from the perforations in a direction perpendicular to an inflow direction of the cooling water, and a heating-steam flow path which supplies heated steam from the third condenser to the reheating room partitioned by the first partition and the second partition.

Abstract: A system and method for decontaminating water and generating water vapor includes introducing contaminated water in to a vessel. The water is moved through a series of rotating trays alternately separated by stationary baffles so as to swirl and heat the water to effect the vaporization thereof to produce a vapor having at least some of the contaminants separated therefrom. The vapor is removed from the vessel for condensing apart from the separated contaminants and the remaining water. The vapor may be passed through a turbine connected to an electric generator. Sensors in a controller may be employed to adjust the speed of rotation of the trays or water input into the vessel in response to the sensed conditions. The treated water may be recirculated and reprocessed through the vessel to increase the purification thereof.

Abstract: An improved wet scrubber tray provides increased resistance to vibration-induced cracking. The tray is self supporting to eliminate wastage of raw material, and additional internal stiffeners added to the tray make multiple intermediate stiffeners. The connection of the intermediate stiffeners to the perforated bottom plate is changed to eliminate the shop weld in the bottom plate. The holes in the perforated bottom plate are repositioned so that they are moved away from the boundaries of the tray to reduce their influence on boundary conditions. The thickness of the tray material may be increased to lower the vibratory stresses. The mechanism for holding the trays themselves within the spray absorber tower is changed so that the trays are now held down by plate material that is attached to the support grid, but not to the trays.

Abstract: In a bubble-column vapor mixture condenser, a fluid source supplies a carrier-gas stream including a condensable fluid in vapor phase. The condensable fluid in liquid form is contained as a bath in a chamber in each stage of the condenser, and the carrier gas is bubbled through the bath to condense the fluid into the bath. Energy from condensation is recovered to a liquid composition in a conduit that passes through the liquid in the stages of the condenser. The bubble-column vapor mixture condenser can be used, e.g., in a humidification-dehumidification system for purifying a liquid, such as water.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a vortex-type mixing device for a down-flow hydroprocessing reactor. In particular, the device improves the effectiveness of an existing mixing volume in mixing the gas phase and liquid phase of two-phase systems. According to the present invention, the mixing device helps create a highly arcuate flow to incoming effluents and a high degree of mixing within a constrained interbed space of a hydroprocessing reactor.

Abstract: The object of the present patent application refers to a contact device with double function for packed columns, acting as a phase distributor and contactor, characterized by differentiated drills in approximately uniform distribution, as obtained by means of stamping of metal trays.

Abstract: A multi-pressure condenser has first and second condensers with vacuum pressures. The second condenser has a higher pressure. The first condenser has a first cooling water tube bundle, and a pressure barrier which extends below the first cooling water tube bundle. A heat-transfer tube introduces fluid from outside the first condenser into the first hot well below the barrier. Liquid is dropped into the first hot well through the through holes of the pressure barrier. The second condenser has a second cooling water tube bundle. Condensate generated in the high-pressure chamber is accumulated below the second cooling water tube bundle. The multi-pressure condenser further has a steam duct to connect the gas phase parts of the first hot well and the second condenser, and a pipe to communicate the liquid phase parts of the first hot well and the second condenser.

Abstract: A downcomer for a gas-liquid contacting device. The downcomer may include first and second spaced apart side walls, first and second end walls, a floor, and first and second opposing discharge walls. Generally, each end wall is coupled to a respective end of the first and second side walls. Typically, the floor is coupled to the side walls and end walls, and the floor has at least one section adapted for permitting the passage of liquid there-through. The first and second opposing discharge walls can be coupled to respective first and second side walls and having respective ends below the floor.

Abstract: A downcomer for a gas-liquid contacting device. The downcomer may include first and second spaced apart side walls, first and second end walls, a floor, and first and second opposing discharge walls. Generally, each end wall is coupled to a respective end of the first and second side walls. Typically, the floor is coupled to the side walls and end walls, and the floor has at least one section adapted for permitting the passage of liquid there-through. The first and second opposing discharge walls can be coupled to respective first and second side walls and having respective ends below the floor.

Abstract: [Technical Problem] A contactor is provided which is capable of making fluids of two phases contact each other under a good dispersion state and which can be easily multi-staged. [Means for Solving the Problems] The inside of a contactor 1 is divided into a plurality of cells 22, 32 by partition walls (a vertical wall 10, horizontal walls 21, 31) and the respective cells 22, 32 become countercurrent contacting spaces of an upflow fluid flowing up in the contactor 1 and a downflow fluid flowing down in the contactor 1. A downflow fluid injection hole 52 provided in the vertical wall 10 of each stage makes the downflow fluid blocked by the partition wall and residing inject into the neighboring cells 22, 32 of a lower stage side, while an upflow fluid flow-in port 51 provided in an upper side of the injection hole 2 makes an upflow fluid from the cells 22, 32 of the lower stage side flow in.

Abstract: A structured packing for a reactor is formed from a metal sheet to promote heat and mass transfer near the wall of the reactor. The structured packing causes lateral flow of fluids flowing through the packing such that jet impingement of at least one reactor wall is promoted. The packing may be used in a cylindrical, annular or plate-type reactor, e.g., a catalytic reactor, or a heat exchanger.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment can be a distributor for a liquid in a gas-liquid contacting vessel. The distributor can include: a first member forming a plurality of apertures permitting a liquid to pass there-through; a first compartment coupled to the first member forming a barrier proximate to a perimeter of a first aperture of the plurality of apertures; and a second compartment coupled to the first member forming a barrier proximate to a perimeter of a second aperture of the plurality of apertures. Generally, the first compartment forms a hole at a first height and the second compartment forms a hole at a second height different from the first height with respect to the first member.

Abstract: A distillation tower for use in a petrochemical or petroleum operation effects liquid and vapor separation by using centrifugal force applied to the feed introduced into a ring from a tangential inlet. The feed is separated into a liquid component that flows into the bottoms section of the tower and a vapor component that flows upwardly through the core of the ring to a wash zone in the tower. De-entrainment devices are provided in the core so that the vapor swirling upwardly impacts the devices and any remaining entrained liquid is separated from the vapor. As a result, overflash with decreased resid can be collected from the wash zone and used as feed suitable for a fluid catalytic cracking operation, for example.

Abstract: A volatile organic compound removal device includes a cabinet having first and second slidable drawers movable between inserted and extended positions. A downcomer tube is downwardly and slidably received in an aperture of the first drawer. A sealing flange extends horizontally outward from a downcomer tube perimeter and extends beyond the aperture when the downcomer tube is received in the aperture. The sealing flange faces an upward facing surface of the first drawer and supports the downcomer tube to the first drawer using only a weight of the downcomer tube applied through the sealing flange to the upward facing surface. A removable seal pot pan is supported on an upward facing surface of the second drawer, which is aligned directly below and receives a lower end of the downcomer tube.

Abstract: A quasi-liquid of gas in bubbles of nanometer-scale, and devices and processes for making the quasi-liquid. A device includes a channel plate (30) through which an operating gas flows to form micrometer-sized bubbles in a liquid. The bubbles are compressed to nanometer scale by action of cooling and pressure in a hydrophobic liquid (20) or are further fragmented to nanometer scale by a laser. Alternatively, a device has vertical water column having a bottom insertion tube, a bottom exit port, a top extraction port, and a water inflow tube; and, a centrifuge adjoining the top extraction port. A storage gas is diffused into pores of a low-density, solid-content material such as aerogel. The material is then introduced through the bottom insertion tube into an underwater environment creating cavities and a quasi-liquid.

Abstract: A spray tower (20) for improving contact between a gas stream (22) and a fluid (24). The spray tower (20) includes a tank (26) having an inlet (32) and an outlet (34), and a plurality of spray nozzles (28) positioned in the tank, each of the plurality of spray nozzles including a spray outlet (38). Each of the plurality of spray nozzles (28) is adapted to spray a cone (40) of the fluid (24) through the spray outlet (38) into the tank (26). The spray tower (20) also includes a perforated plate (30) having a plurality of perforations (44). The perforated plate (30) is positioned in the tank (26) so as to define a cross-section of the tank and each of the plurality of perforations (44) is aligned with the cone (40) flowing from the spray outlet (38) of one of the spray nozzles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to reactor vessels such as absorbing or stripping columns that are suitable for capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas streams of fossil fuel fired powered stations such as coal fired power stations generating 100 to 500 MW. The side walls of the reactors are made of concrete or structural ceramics that are preferrably steel reinforced. The reactors are on a sufficiently large scale such that a flue gas stream in the order of at least 1,000 t/hr and normally greater than 2,000 or 3,000 t/hr can be scrubbed of carbon dioxide in a single absorption column and then recovered in a stripping column. The absorbing and stripping columns may be free standing structures or, alternatively, the absorbing column may be located at least partially within the stripping column.

Abstract: Bubble generator devices to produce a fluid stream comprising bubbles are described. Apparatuses that include any of the described bubble generator devices to treat waste and/or frac-water are also described.