Abstract: A method includes operating a spark ignition engine and flowing low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) from an exhaust to an inlet of the spark ignition engine. The method includes interpreting a parameter affecting an operation of the spark ignition engine, and determining a knock index value in response to the parameter. The method further includes reducing a likelihood of engine knock in response to the knock index value exceeding a knock threshold value.

Abstract: A carburetor for increasing the efficiency and horse power of an internal combustion engine. The carburetor generally includes a body including a throat extending therethrough, a deflector plate extending inwardly towards a cross-sectional center within the throat, a venturi member extending within the throat downstream of the deflector plate and including a channel fluidly connected thereof, and a throttle plate disposed within the throat downstream of the venturi member. The deflector plate is directed towards the channel to redirect at least a portion of an air stream entering the throat through the channel to mix with a fuel stream injected within the channel. A water supply line injects a hot water stream within the throat downstream of the venturi member, wherein the hot water stream mixes with the fuel stream to atomize the fuel stream for vaporization within the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A conversion system for a gasoline engine based generator enables the use of heavier fuels. A vertically disposed vortex separation chamber includes an inlet proximate the bottom of the chamber and tangential to the longitudinal axis of the chamber for delivering to the chamber partially vaporized fuel in an air-fuel mixture from a carburetor associated with the engine. An outlet proximate the top of the chamber also tangential to the longitudinal axis of the chamber for delivering vaporized fuel from the chamber to the engine. An electric heater is in communication with the bottom of the chamber for heating the chamber wall to vaporize any fuel thereon so vaporized fuel is reintroduced in swirling air-fuel mixture in the chamber. A battery source charged by the generator provides power to the electric heater. A jacket is disposed about and spaced from the chamber wall creating an annulus between the jacket and the chamber wall.

Abstract: A system for providing an air-fuel vapor mixture to an engine for improving completeness of combustion and also reducing emissions. The system includes a vaporizer within which a series of baffles are disposed such that air and fuel pass along a tortuous passageway defined within the vaporizer. Exhaust gases provide heat to the vaporizer, and as air and fuel pass along the passageway of the vaporizer, a homogenous air-fuel vapor mixture is produced, with the homogenous mixture exiting the vaporizer being supplied to the engine by way of an adapter plate assembly. When used with a carburetor, the adapter plate is disposed between the carburetor and the engine.

Abstract: Carburetors and fuel injection systems are used to facilitate a combustile mixture of air and fuel for internal combustion engines. Inherently, the fuel in this mixture is mostly in liquid droplets. However, it is the vaporous fuel which combines with the air gives an explosive mixture; and it is this mixture that can be exploded during the short engine power stroke time available. The rest of the fuel in liquid form simply burns or exhausts to the environment, hence impairing the efficiency of the engine and polluting the environment. In this invention, liquid fuel is vaporized and combined with air to form an explosive mixture before introduction into the engine. In this design, ultrasonic technology is employed to atomize the fuel in the form of fine fuel mist. This mist is then injected into a specially designed heat exchanger, in which hot engine exhaust gas is brought in to cause this subspension of fuel mist to vaporize.

Abstract: A vaporizer unit has an enclosing casing including a plurality of tubes therein, defining a fuel passage therethrough, including the tubes. The tubes have coiled wire screen therein. An auxiliary carburetor is positioned at the inlet end of the fuel passage, and an outlet passage leads to the main carburetor of the automobile. The casing also defines an exhaust passage therethrough, transversely of the fuel passage, providing heat transfer between the exhaust gases and the tubes. The temperature of the resulting vaporized fuel is sensed for varying the flow of the exhaust gases and thereby controlling the temperature of the vaporized fuel, which is maintained at 250.degree. F. to 260.degree. F. An electric crystal is used for breaking down the heavy ends of the fuel. The rate of flow of air to the main carburetor is varied for correspondingly varying the rate of intake of vaporized fuel from the vaporizer unit.

Abstract: A novel device and method for use in treating a combustible fluid mixture prior to its entering the combustion zone of an engine, furnace or the like, involve imposing electric and magnetic fields through the flow path of the fluid, perpendicular to the direction of flow as well as to each other. The ionizing effect of the electric field when combined with the magnetic field produces an effect akin to the Hall effect, with a substantial increase in the combustibility of the fuel mixture. The invention is particularly useful in improving the fuel economy of a petroleum-based fuel engine.

Abstract: A monolithic variable jet carburetor comprising an air intake, an associated variable jet and an underlying fuel reservoir, all contained within a pressurized and heated chamber and whereby the fuel is injected into the reservoir under pressure and is atomized via an overlying wire mesh screen and vaporized as it traverses the remainder of the heated delivery path to the air intake. The heated chamber is adapted to heat the fuel at all points intermediate the float chamber and air intake venturi via hot engine gasses or heated engine coolant and wherein the float chamber is further pressurized via an air pump. Pressure/temperature sensors control the relative ratios thereof during normal engine cycling under various load conditions.

Abstract: A fuel vaporizer for an internal combusion engine comprises an elongate vaporizer chamber having one end connected to a source of air and atomized liquid fuel and the other end connected with a throttle valve for controlling flow of vaporized fuel to the cylinders of an engine. A passage extends longitudinally of the chamber for flow of hot exhaust gasses in heat exchange relationship with the air and atomized fuel mixture to vaporize the fuel to a heated, dry vaporous state. The atomized fuel and air mixture flows through a plurality of passages extending through a body of material having high thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A housing located between a conventional carburetor and the intake manifold inlet on a conventional internal combustion engine (such as that used in an automobile) has internal compartmentation to receive a volume of fuel and air mixture from the carburetor and to direct same through an outlet compartment and thence through a conduit to a fuel mixture heat exchanger mounted on the engine. The heat exchanger comprises one or more heat exchanger units each having a closed cylindrical housing with a plurality of closed, individual fuel mixture conduits therein (such as copper tubing). Each cylindrical housing is connected by a conduit, such as a hose, to the hot air exhaust manifold of the engine so that the heated air from the manifold is directed through each housing and around the heat exchanger tubes therein. A filter unit comprises a closed housing which receives the heated fuel through a porous screen baffle and a series of conventional ceramic or foam plastic or other types of filter material.

Abstract: A vapor fuel system for an internal combustion engine includes two vaporizing units for vaporizing liquid fuel and mixing it with air and a vapor heat exchanger for heating the fuel vapor-air mixture prior to its combustion in the engine. Hot fluid circulating in engine's cooling system flows through a jacket integrally surrounding each of the two vaporizing units and the vapor heat exchanger to provide a source of heat for vaporizing the fuel and heating the fuel vapor-air mixture. A fuel line carrying the liquid fuel to each of the vaporizing units passes through the hot fluid-filled jacket surrounding each of the units, thereby preheating the fuel before it is vaporized. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, two solenoid valves, one along the fuel line leading to each vaporizing unit, act in conjunction with a timing means to alternate periodically activation and deactivation of the vaporizing units.

Abstract: A downdraught carburettor of the constant pressure type has a mixing chamber 2 with an operator-controlled throttle valve 3 at its downstream end and a choke valve 10, which is operated by a diaphragm box 20 in dependence upon the pressure in the mixing chamber 2, at its upstream end. Fuel is supplied to the mixing chamber from an annular duct 5 through ports 6 to the wall of the mixing chamber down which the fuel flows in the form of a thin film. The film is evaporated to form the mixture by a heating jacket 16 which surrounds the mixing chamber 2 and is heated by engine cooling water or exhaust gases. In order to prevent the film of fuel from being broken up before it has been heated and evaporated, which tends to happen owing to turbulence in the air stream caused by the choke valve 10, an inner tube 11 is provided. The choke valve 10 is situated in the upstream end of the inner tube 11 so that the fuel film is screened by the tube 11 from any turbulence caused by the valve 10.

Abstract: A constant pressure carburettor comprises a mixing chamber 2 which is surrounded by a heating jacket 12, an operator controlled throttle valve 3 at the downstream end of the chamber 2, a fuel feeder 5, 6 at the upstream end of the mixing chamber and a choke valve 10 at an air inlet to the carburettor. The choke valve 10 is, in use, controlled automatically by the air flow into the carburettor in dependence on the opening of the throttle valve 3 and the speed of the engine to which the carburettor is fitted. The choke valve 10 tends to produce vortices or turbulence in the air flow and this tends to cause the fuel supplied by the feeder 5, 6 to the wall of the chamber 2 to be prematurely removed before it is heated. This adversely affects the vaporization of the fuel and the formation of the air-fuel mixture. To avoid turbulence or vortices in the chamber 2, a stabilization conduit 16 is provided between the choke valve 10 and the fuel feeder 5, 6.

Abstract: A vaporizer chamber includes a coil therein, the coil having extensions extending into the exhaust pipe of the engine, the exhaust gases passing through the coil and heating the interior of the chamber. Fuel is delivered to the vaporizer chamber, and vaporized there when the exhaust gases are heated. A thermostat unit is mounted on the exhaust pipe, and when heated, shifts a valve to direct the fuel to the vaporizer chamber, instead of to the carburetor. This shifting is gradual. A throttle controls the flow of vaporized fuel to the outlet of the carburetor. The usual accelerator pedal is operative for controlling the throttle for the vaporized fuel in unison with the usual throttle provided in the carburetor.

Abstract: In a constant-pressure carburetor having a fuel/air mixing chamber (3) which operates under reduced pressure, fuel feed means through which the fuel is drawn into the mixing chamber (3) from a float chamber (6) as required, an air inlet duct (1) having an automatically vacuum controlled air intake valve (2) upstream of the mixing chamber (3), and a suction duct having a driver actuated throttle member (4) downstream of the mixing chamber (3), the fuel feed means includes a fuel atomizer nozzle (5) having a central fuel supply passage (14) surrounded concentrically at its outer end by an annular constricting atomizing air outlet (15) whereby the velocity vectors of fuel and atomizing air at the nozzle outlet differ in magnitude and direction, and proportioning means for regulating the flow of fuel through the central passage (14) of the nozzle (5) and including a member (11) which is movable towards and away from the inlet (10) to the passage (14) by a control (12) operated in response to the output (A) from a

Abstract: An apparatus for providing fuel of a predetermined temperature and at a predetermined fuel rate based on demand to a carburetor of an internal combustion engine comprising a temperature regulated air flow mixer valve, a cool air inlet to the valve, a warm air inlet to the valve, a thermal balancing chamber connected to the outlet of the valve including a fuel pressure control valve mounted thereon, an expansion chamber mounted on the thermal balancing chamber and a fuel metering valve mounted at the outlet of the thermal expansion chamber. The fuel metering valve is responsive to engine vacuum. The thermally-regulated air flow mixer valve is responsive to the mixture in the intake manifold, and mixes the cool air and warm air to produce a desired temperature in the thermal balancing chamber. The warm air inlet includes a heat exchanger mounted in the exhaust manifold of the engine for warming intake air.

Abstract: In combination with a diesel engine, a preheater 10 for diesel fuel generally comprises a hot fluid chamber 12 having a first open end 14, a second open end 16, and perimeter walls 17. As the engine cooling water exits from the engine block, it passes through hot fluid inlet 18 into hot fluid inlet manifold 20, through chamber 12, and out through fluid outlet manifold 22 and hot fluid outlet port 24. Located along the top and bottom perimeter walls 17 of chamber 12 are heat exchanger plates 26 for carrying diesel fuel. Interconnected with plates 26 are fuel inlets 28, fuel inlet manifolds 30, fuel outlet manifolds 32, and fuel outlets 34.

Abstract: An improved carburetor (10) is disclosed and claimed by this application. The carburetor (10) includes an updraft section (16), a crossdraft section (18), and a downdraft section (20). The updraft section (16) includes a mixing chamber (22) in which fuel and air are mixed. This mixture formed therein passes into a plenum (84) of the crossdraft section (18) through which a plurality of ducts (88) extend. A hot fluid passes through these ducts (88) to heat the mixture passing through the plenum (84). The mixture, thereafter, passes through a plenum outlet (86) into another plenum (104) of the downdraft section (20) and to an intake manifold (12) for distributing the mixture to the cylinders of the engine.

Abstract: A fuel delivery system for an internal combustion engine, including a vaporizing chamber for combining liquid fuel and air to produce a vaporized fuel and air mixture, a vapor expander which communicates with the chamber for expanding and further vaporizing the mixture, and a metering device which communicates with the expander and with the engine for supplying engine vacuum to the system and controlling the amount of the mixture which is supplied to the engine. The vaporizing chamber includes a reservoir for storing a quantity of liquid fuel, an air inlet, a jet which sprays liquid fuel into the chamber, and a reservoir heater which heats the liquid fuel in the reservoir. The vapor expander includes a tubular passage communicating between the chamber and the metering device and a heating conduit coiled around the tubular passage to carry heated engine coolant and transfer heat to the mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a carburettor comprising a conduit with an air-intake and a fuel-introduction device in this conduit, the latter being intended to supply a carburetted fuel mixture to at least one combustion chamber of an explosion engine, and a throttle-valve means mounted in the conduit for controlling the supply flow-rate of carburetted mixture to the combustion chamber, the conduit further comprising a device with surfaces distributed over the transverse section of the conduit, this device being located in the conduit between the fuel-introduction device and the throttle-valve and providing a means of complete or almost complete vaporization of the fuel, thus avoiding inequalities of distribution of the richness of the mixture over the transverse section of the conduit, on the downstream side of the throttle-valve.

Abstract: A carburettor for air and liquid fuel under pressure for internal combustion engines has an air/fuel mixing chamber for mixing a controlled flow of air with gasoline and optionally methanol also. The fuel is disintegrated in the mixing chamber into fine droplets by impinging on a solid surface and/or on a stream of air. The mixture is passed into a vaporizer connected to the intake manifold of the engine. A rotary sleeve valve allows or prevents additional air to be added to the mixture in the vaporizer to optimize the air/fuel ratio.

Abstract: A liquid fuel to gas converter and feed structure for internal combustion engines. Liquid fuel is transformed to the molecular gaseous state after being meter fed while it is passed through an elongate heated tubular element from which it is mixed with air being fed to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Carbonation enhancer having a cylindrical shell that is closed at one end by an envolute wall spaced from the inner end of a withdrawal tube, the output stream of a conventional carburetor is directed tangentially into space between the shells and caused to move in a spiral path toward the envolute closure wall by a spiral vane in the space and on reaching the envolute wall to move radially inwardly and into the inner end of the withdrawal tube to travel axially in a direction opposite that of the spiral path with the stream exiting the tube to enter the inlet manifold of the engine. Waste engine heat is applied to the exterior of the cylindrical shell in an amount sufficient to vaporize liquid fuel droplets centrifuged thereagainst from the stream as the latter traverses the spiral path portion of its travel from the carburetor to the intake manifold.

Abstract: A float chamber means for a carburetor having a heating element provided in its float chamber for selectively heating liquid fuel contained in the float chamber so that highly volatile components included in the fuel are vaporized in the float chamber and released from the liquid fuel before it enters into fuel passages provided in the carburetor thereby avoiding percolation due to abnormal vaporization of fuel in those fuel passages.

Abstract: Lean air/fuel mixture is supplied to the induction manifold of an Otto cycle engine through a heat exchanger heated by engine exhaust gases under normal running conditions, and under idling conditions mixture is supplied to an auxiliary induction manifold solely through an auxiliary duct. The auxiliary duct is wound with an electrical resistive heating element to preheat the mixture upon cold-starting of the engine for a time, typically 30-40 seconds, determined by a timer switch.

Abstract: A fuel system for an internal combustion engine in which an air-gasoline mixture from a carburetor is fed through a plurality of chambers and through a plurality of curved, horizontally positioned, heated tubes which output the mixture to the intake manifold of the engine.

Abstract: Fuel vaporizing apparatus wherein air admitted to the carburetor is pre-heated and mixed with vaporized water and then caused to vaporize and mix with fuel. The exhaust gases are passed through a heat exchanger located between the carburetor and the intake of the engine to further and more completely vaporize and mix the mixture of fuel, water and air to prevent condensation. The supply of water is controlled by the temperature and speed of the engine.

Abstract: An installation for preheating the suction or intake mixture of a carburetor internal combustion engine by means of an exhaust gas branch line branching off from an exhaust gas pipe system that is equipped with an exhaust gas manifold, and extending along parts of the suction pipe system in heat-exchanging relationship therewith, and which also includes a closure valve controlling the exhaust gas partial stream flowing through the branch line; a part of the exhaust gas pipe system is constructed as Venturi pipe of a gas jet pump and the exhaust gas branch line is connected downstream of the heat-exchange area with an annular space of the gas jet pump surrounding the Venturi pipe so that by the suction in the gas jet pump the branched-off exhaust gas partial stream is sucked back into the remaining exhaust gas stream, while the closure valve is arranged in the exhaust gas branch line.

Abstract: An installation for preheating the suction mixture of a carburetor internal combustion engine with a heat pipe extending from a place of the exhaust gas line system to a place of the suction pipe system and with a heat-absorption zone, on the one hand, and a heat emission zone on the other; the heat pipe leads from its heat-absorption zone to a lower part of the suction pipe directly adjoining the carburetor outlet and in its heat emission zone partly surrounds with its flat condenser jacket from below the flow channel of this pipe along a wall surface area while leaving free the main part of the pipe cross section.

Abstract: Apparatus permitting an improvement of the carburetion of internal combustion engines fitted downstream of a multibody carburetor and upstream of the induction manifold.The primary homogenization chamber forming an extension of the primary body issues tangentially via an orifice into the top of the secondary homogenization chamber, namely into an annular space defined by the walls of the secondary chamber and the secondary mixture supply pipe. The secondary chamber is equipped in such a way as to form a homogenizer and to this end has fixed vanes.Application to automobiles.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel feed device of an internal combustion engine. A heating device is disposed in the fuel supply conduit communicating the carburetor with the fuel tank for vaporizing the low boiling components in the fuel. The liquid fuel containing bubbles of the fuel vapor therein is introduced into a low boiling component separator. In this separator, the low boiling components in the fuel are removed and then the liquid fuel consisting of the high boiling components is fed into the carburetor.

Abstract: A multi-fuel internal combustion engine block, head and manifold assembly having a plurality of intake ports and exhaust ports communicating with a plurality of cylinders through one side of the assembly includes a low profile intake and exhaust manifold construction wherein separate, generally U-shaped intake and exhaust manifolds of generally elliptical cross-section communicate with the intake and exhaust ports, respectively, each of the manifolds including a planar face in contact with the face of the other manifold, the faces being of the same size and of a length corresponding to at least 50% of the total length of the intake manifold and of a width equal to at least 25% of the periphery of the intake manifold to facilitate operation on leaded gasoline, leadfree gasoline, or bottled gas.

Abstract: A self-regulating, fast-response fuel vaporizer is disclosed which is cape of promoting increased efficiency of combustion of the fuel supplied to a spark ignition engine throughout the entire working range of the engine. The vaporizer comprises an inlet conduit through which fuel-air mixture is admissible to the engine, the mixture being directly heated within the conduit by an exhaust conduit which intersects with the inlet conduit. Use is made in the design of the respective heat transfer surfaces, of an inherent effect that flow pulsations have upon heat transference between a gas flowing in a tube and the walls of that tube, to provide a selected inverse relationship between heat transfer coefficient and engine speed whereby automatic regulation may be achieved of the heat supplied to the fuel-air mixture for all engine speeds.

Abstract: An inner surface of a fuel atomization chamber is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize gasoline. A nozzle sprays liquid gasoline against the hot surface at a high velocity so that the gasoline striking the hot surface is vaporized and broken down into substantially molecular particles to produce a dry gas which is fed through a metering valve into an engine air induction passageway. A spring-loaded rotary plate in the induction passageway serves as a sensor of the quantity of air flowing through the induction passageway and is connected to the metering valve through a cam mechanism so configured as to maintain the air-fuel ration in the induction passageway at optimum value.During start up, when the inner surface of the atomization chamber has not reached its operating temperature, propane or other liquified petroleum gas is fed into the engine rather than vaporized gasoline.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vaporific carburetor for a gasoline engine, consisting of an evaporator tube assembly inclined to the horizon, an auxiliary fuel tank assembly at the upper end of the evaporator tube assembly, a mixer tube assembly at the lower portion of the evaporator tube assembly and an auxiliary water tank connected by a small water pipe to the upper portion of the evaporator tube assembly.The vaporific carburetor differs from the vaporizer carburetor in four different aspects. The first difference is in the cut at the outlet of the high speed tube, and the position of the cut with respect to the venturi. In the vaporizer carburetor the said cut is perpendicular to the wall of the venturi while in the vaporific carburetor the said cut is parallel with the wall of the venturi. The second difference is in the connection of the inlet of the idling speed tube.

Abstract: A vaporization accelerating apparatus includes an elongated guide pipe that extends from the carburetor of an internal combustion engine into the intake manifold thereof. A guide member in the form of an elongated plate is integral with the end of the guide pipe that is in the intake manifold. The guide member is planar and extends over and is substantially parallel to the planar riser of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The apparatus includes tubular heating elements positioned in carburetor air-fuel paths. Each element has a flow passage therethrough connected to input and exhaust conduits which together define a path for flow of exhaust gases from the engine exhaust manifold to the atmosphere. The inlet flow path and the outlet flow path have flow constricting zones having predetermined areas. These flow constricting zones, as well as the size and configuration of the elements making up the flow path are so proportioned to the size of the engine as to obtain optimum performance with respect to economy and torque or horsepower output. The tubular elements are supported in a plate between the carburetor and the intake manifold in a manner such as to heat the fuel to an optimum extent while minimizing heating of the air of the air-fuel mixture.

Abstract: Heat is rapidly conducted to the induction manifold from the exhaust manifold via heat pipes, the heat absorbing ends of which have exhaust gases controllably directed thereagainst by a bimetallic operated butterfly valve and the heat emitting ends of which can be formed with, fins hollow or solid to increase the surface area thereof which contactingly and radiatingly heats all of the air fuel mixture passing through the induction manifold.

Abstract: Herein disclosed is a manifold system for an internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber and connected by a torch passage. The manifold system includes a main intake manifold for distributing a lean air-fuel mixture to all of main combustion chambers of the engine, an auxiliary intake manifold for distributing a rich air-fuel mixture to all of auxiliary combustion chambers of the engine; and a cooling liquid passage extending in contact with the main and auxiliary intake manifolds to heat the lean and rich air-fuel mixtures.

Abstract: A device for completely vaporizing the fuel delivered to an internal combustion engine so as to minimize the emission of air pollutants. The device includes a heat conducting tubular housing, a heat conducting screen within and coaxial with the housing with an annular space between the housing and the screen, a heat conducting helical coil within the annular space and coaxial with the housing and the screen, and means for heating the helical coil, either electrically, or with heated air. In one form, a diffuser within and coaxial with the screen adjacent the inlet of the housing directs a fuel and air mixture outwardly into contact with the screen, helical coil and housing. In another form, a fuel injecting means within and coaxial with the screen adjacent the inlet end of the housing sprays fuel toward the outlet end of the housing and outwardly against the screen. A de-icer tube communicates with the inlet end of the housing for delivering heated air thereto under icing conditions.

Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus for converting liquid fuel into a highly combustible dry gaseous fuel for internal combustion engines comprising a fuel injector connected to a heated baffle chamber containing a multiplicity of baffles, heated to the exhaust temperature of an internal combustion engine. The heated baffle chamber in turn communicates with an unheated baffle chamber containing a plurality of unheated baffles, which in turn communicates with a distribution chamber with throttle valves and a venturi to controllably disperse the dry gaseous fuel mixed with air into the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with an improved throttle structure. The engine includes a carburetor having an air passageway in it, and an intake manifold interposed between the engine and the carburetor, the carburetor being attached to the intake manifold by any convenient method. The intake manifold includes at least one wall defining a plurality of fluid passageways operatively connected to the carburetor and to the combustion chambers of the engine. In the preferred form of the invention, a cylindrical tube has an axial length chosen so that a first end of the tube extends into the carburetor while a second end extends into the intake manifold. The second end of the tube and the intake manifold define the throttle valve for the engine. The tube is mounted for movement between at least a first closed position where the second tube end is adjacent the wall of the manifold and a second open position where the second tube end is remote from the wall of the intake manifold.

Abstract: A carburetor for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing, porous matter contained in the housing, means for injecting fuel into the housing and onto the porous matter to effect completion of vaporization of the fuel, means for admitting air into the housing to form a mixture with the vaporized fuel and means for conducting the mixture out of the housing for combustion in the engine. Preferably, means are provided for transferring heat from the exhaust gases of the engine to the housing and the porous matter.

Abstract: An intake system comprises an intake manifold having a heat riser and a plurality of manifold passages extending from the heat riser to cylinders of an engine. The heat riser is heated by exhaust gases from the engine and a cooling liquid jacket conducts the engine cooling liquid around the intake manifold.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine exhaust manifold has a lateral opening through which exhaust gases may heat intake mixtures for the engine. The exhaust manifold comprises a thick wall housingg enclosing a thin wall liner, the liner having inlet tubes receiving exhaust gases from the engine exhaust ports, and having a discharge pipe. The liner is secured in the lateral opening of the housing so that its inlet tubes and discharge pipes may move by differential expansion. Internally threaded sockets fixed to the liner extend into the housing opening and the sockets project through clearance openings in a stationary support ring fixed to the housing opening. Threaded fasteners are received in the sockets and a heat shield is mounted within the liner to prevent exposure of the ends of the threaded fasteners to the hot exhaust gases within the liner.

Abstract: A means for improving vaporization of a carbureted mixture by the addition of uncombusted heated air, which means is interposed between the carburetor and the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine to aid in breaking up and vaporizing the fuel for more complete combustion thereof.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for increasing the vaporized proportion of a stream of volatile liquid fuel supply to an internal combustion engine. The non-volatilized portions of the fuel discharged from the carburetor are traveled over a plurality of flow surfaces, such as the surfaces of a layer of metal balls and the like, whereby the fuel mixture will not only be more evenly distributed, but whereby the liquid portion therein will also convert to a vapor before entering the intake manifold of the engine. In addition, a coil of tubing is also preferably provided with one end arranged to receive fresh air heated by the exhaust manifold of the engine, and with the other end downwardly directed from the layer of balls to the intake manifold, whereby the hot air will not only heat and further enhance vaporization of any remaining fuel liquids, but will also create a downdraft further redistributing the fuel vapor being supplied to the engine.

Abstract: A system for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine for optimum efficiency in engine operation and fuel economy and for minimum objectionable exhaust emissions. The system pertains particularly to an internal combustion engine in an automobile, truck, or the like. Fuel is heated prior to introduction thereof into the engine. Fuel is introduced to the engine in accordance with manifold pressures.

Abstract: A hot fuel gas generator for an internal combustion engine vaporizes gasoline and water in a heated pressure vessel and mixes the resulting superheated gaseous fuel with air in a metering valve which communicates with the internal combustion engine. A single device operating at a very high temperature, for example 1000.degree. F., is used for the simultaneous vaporization of the fuel and water to develop desirable working pressure and volume. The high temperature gaseous state of the fuel represents molecules at the greatest degree of separation from each other providing the greatest opportunity for contact of the reacting species in the gaseous condition as chemical reactions occur only between particles at the atomic or molecular level and it is necessary for the reacting species to be in actual contact at the time of reaction. The fuel gas produced therefore enables complete combustion and the elimination of the atmospheric pollutants common in the operation of internal combustion engines.

Abstract: A fuel vapor generator in the form of a heat conductive member having an elongated U-shaped passageway formed through it. The member is mounted at the exterior of a carburetor venturi. A first open inlet end of the passageway extends through the venturi walls and receives atomized fuel from the main fuel nozzle and a portion of the incoming air. This fuel and air mixture is directed through the passageway where it is heated and the fuel is vaporized. The fuel and air are drawn from the passageway and returned into the venturi at a location downstream from the main nozzle. A series of mesh screens extending across the passageway and spaced along its length assist in atomizing the fuel and assuring efficient conduction of heat to the entire mixture of fuel and air within the passageway.