Abstract: The principal approaches to reducing the effects of global warming seek to slow the increase in atmospheric CO2 levels as a result of fossil fuel combustion for energy production and transportation. A process for hybrid carbon capture and mineralization are disclosed. The process utilizes both flue gas from (e.g., power plants) and reject brine from (e.g., desalination process). The process includes providing flue gas to react with an amine solution to produce carbamate; processing the carbamate in a reactor to regenerate amine and to produce a carbonate; treating reject brine to provide a ready-made brine for carbonation reaction; and processing the carbamate with salt from treating the brine to produce a carbonate.

Abstract: An air conditioner includes an airflow path configured to direct an airflow in a direction. The air conditioner also includes an evaporative cooling membrane panel disposed within the air flow path and including a face disposed at an oblique angle relative to the direction. The face is defined by microporous fibers of the evaporative cooling membrane panel. Each microporous fiber is configured to receive liquid in a fluid flow path of the microporous fiber such that the air flow over the microporous fiber generates a vapor. Each microporous fiber is also configured to release the vapor into the air flow via pores of the microporous fiber.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a vaporizer or ampoule assembly with improved heat transfer between a vaporizer vessel body and at least one support tray located therein. In particular, there is provided a heat transfer enhancing member that is disposed between a vessel body and support tray. In one example of a heat transfer enhancing member or assembly there is included a heat conductive mesh or liner around totally or partially around the support tray that is wedged in between the support tray and the interior diameter or wall of the vessel body. In a related embodiment, the heat transfer enhancing member includes an expandable support tray sidewall to increase physical contact between the support tray and the vessel body interior wall.

Abstract: In various embodiments, the present invention relates to heat dissipation systems including a hygroscopic working fluid integrating waste water as makeup water. The present invention also relates to methods of using the same. The present invention also relates to hygroscopic cooling systems adapted to dispose of waste water by combining the waste water with a hygroscopic working fluid, precipitating impurities and evaporating the remaining water.

Abstract: A cooling tower that concentrates solids is described, wherein the cooling tower employs a fill material and a set of louvers that are positioned adjacent to the fill material. The cooling tower also employs a buildup prevention system that is permanently affixed to the cooling tower. The build-up prevention system is positioned adjacent to the fill material and configured to reduce solid buildup on the fill material louvers in the set of louvers.

Abstract: Underwater gas pressurization units and liquefaction systems, as well as pressurization and liquefaction methods and gas field development methods are provided. Gas is compressed hydraulically by seawater introduced into vessels and separated from the gas by a water immiscible liquid layer. Tall, possibly vertical helical vessels are used to reach a high compression ratio that lowers the liquefaction temperature. Cooling units are used to liquefy the compressed gas, possibly by a coolant which is itself pressurized by a similar mechanism. The coolant may be selected to be liquefied under surrounding seawater temperatures. The seawater which is used to pressurize the gas may be used after evacuation from the vessels to pressurize intrastratal gas in the production stages and broaden the gas field development.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus in the form of an aerator for location within a body of water to be remediated by oxygenating the water, including an inlet through which water is pumped into the aerator, the inlet includes a branched distributor in which the inlet divides into four equal branches for forming four equal flow paths for the water. Each of the four equal pathways is provided with an air injector in the form of a venturi for introducing air into the water flow path in order to aerate the water. The advantage of the aerator is that the distributor is designed to have balanced flow so that equal flows of water pass through each flow path to introduce equal volumes of air, which increases the efficiency of the aerator. Forms of the aerator can have two or more distributors in which all individual flow paths are substantially equal to improve the efficiency of the aerator.

Abstract: A two phase reactor includes a source of liquid reactant and a source of gas reactant. A chamber has an inlet coupled to the source of gas reactant and a flat jet nozzle coupled to the source of the liquid reactant.

Abstract: A fluid treatment apparatus comprises a fluid vessel defining first and second fluid chambers. A fluid inlet is provided for delivering a fluid to be treated into the first fluid chamber. One or more nozzle assemblies are provided for fluid communication between the first and second fluid chambers, wherein said nozzle assemblies are adapted to facilitate mixing of a gas with said fluid. The second fluid chamber is adapted to accommodate a fluid treatment process therein, including a floatation treatment. One specific use of the fluid treatment apparatus includes separating oil from water, particularly water produced from a subterranean formation.

Abstract: A liquid distributor is provided for receiving and distributing a liquid stream in a mass transfer column. The liquid distributor has a plurality of elongated primary troughs and a plurality of secondary troughs that are positioned adjacent the primary troughs at a location to receive at least some of the individual primary discharge streams from the primary troughs. Splash baffles are spaced a preselected distance from liquid discharge holes in the side walls of the secondary troughs to receive at least some of the individual secondary discharge streams and cause a lateral spreading thereof as the individual second discharge streams descend along the splash baffles and drip from lower edges thereof.

Abstract: An aeration system (10) which feeds air to multiple water basins (12) and method. A plurality of local processor based control modules (208) is provided. Each module controls the operation of a compressor unit (11) to effect functions including changes in compressor power level, thermal control and blow-off during compressor start-up. The compressor units (11) are assembled in systems and each system is allocated to a different basin so that no two compressors (22) provide air to the same basin (12). A plurality of control operations are performed with a central processor (300) wherein the central processor directly controls aeration valves 324 in each basin 12 based on monitored oxygen levels.

Abstract: A humidification canister for humidifying a breathing gas, the humidification canister includes a fluid supply configured to supply a fluid and a first gas flow path in fluid communication with the fluid supply. A first gas flow path is configured to humidify the breathing gas with the fluid. A second gas flow path at least partially surrounds the first gas flow path. A method of insulating a breathing gas in a humidification canister using a gas is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid inlet and distribution system for a volatile organic removal device includes a cabinet having an upper wall and multiple downcomer assemblies positioned within the cabinet accessible through a cabinet access. The multiple downcomer assemblies are divisible into first and second cabinet compartments isolated from each other by a dividing wall. A flow distribution duct assembly connected to the upper wall of the cabinet includes upper, bottom, outward facing and inward facing substantially flat containment walls defining a generally rectangular shaped flow passage. A contaminated fluid inlet is connected to one of the upper, inward facing, or outward facing containment walls. A discharge duct connected to the bottom containment wall is positioned above a receiving chamber operating to equally divide a flow of a contaminated fluid containing a volatile organic compound discharged through the discharge duct equally to the first and second cabinet compartments.

Abstract: Liquid treatment systems, components of liquid treatment systems, and methods of treating liquids are disclosed.

Abstract: A gas mixture supplying method includes supplying plural kinds of gases through gas supply lines connected to a common pipeline and supplying a gas mixture of the plural kinds of gases from a gas outlet of the common pipeline into a region where the gas mixture is used through a gas mixture supply line. When a typical gas supplied in a gaseous state from a gas supply unit and a liquid source gas vaporized by heating a liquid source material supplied from a liquid source material supply unit by a vaporizing unit are supplied simultaneously, the liquid source gas is supplied from one of the gas supply lines provided at a position closer to the gas outlet than that for the typical gas, and the liquid source gas is supplied to a downstream side of a filter for removing particles in the typical gas.

Abstract: A mass transfer device, such as a desorption device has fluid channels, to transfer a component one fluid to the other. A microsieve is provided separating the channels. The microsieve comprising a sieve layer with a thickness of less than two micrometer deposited on a substrate with openings to expose areas of the sieve layer with holes straight through the sieve layer. The remaining portions of the substrate form a support web to support the sieve layer. In an embodiment the liquid channel is provided on the side of the microsieve opposite the substrate portions. An efficient very low height (e.g. 25 micrometer) liquid channel may be realized in this way. Preferably the liquid is supplied using a channel plate facing the microsieve, with grooves opposite wider portions of the substrate, the liquid flowing out sideways from the grooves into areas where the low height liquid channel is formed.

Abstract: A cooling tower system, including a principal cooling tower; an auxiliary cooling tower for receiving a portion of the warm water flow into the main tower; a central shaft mounted vertically in the auxiliary tower; a turbine mounted on a portion of the shaft; a cooling blade mounted on the upper end of the shaft; a water jetting system delivering warm water under pressure from the main cooling tower into the auxiliary cooling tower to impart rotation to the turbine blades for imparting rotation to the cooling blade; a quantity of high efficiency film fill in that portion of the tower below the turbine for receiving the water coming off of the turbine blades; air flow produced by rotation of the cooling blade upward through the fill in order to cool the water before it is returned to the main cooling tower.

Abstract: An inline carbonation apparatus that includes a fluid tube having an inner diameter. At least one water orifice is linked to a water source and is attached to one end of the fluid tube. The water orifice includes a plurality of holes atomizing water that passes therethrough. A carbon dioxide orifice is linked to a carbon dioxide source and is attached to the fluid tube in a spaced relationship from the water orifice. The atomized water has a pressure less than the carbon dioxide such that carbon dioxide is absorbed into the water forming carbonated water having a specified volume of carbonation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bubble column reactor comprising a column reactor having a sparger plate dividing the column reactor into a top reaction compartment and a bottom compartment, characterized in that an inlet and outlet line for introducing and disposing a flushing medium are connected to the bottom compartment; and an operation method thereof.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a carbonation system or gas delivery system including a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, a mixture outlet, and a mixing cartridge or membrane module. The mixing cartridge or membrane module can enhance the simultaneous absorption of gas and the transfer of heat out of the liquid.

Abstract: A cooling tower comprising an enclosure, a body of fill material supported inside the enclosure, a liquid distribution system supported above the fill material having a liquid distribution header, and a fan assembly mounted directly to the header for drawing air upward through the fill material, and a drainage collection system located below the fill material. The liquid distribution system includes a liquid distribution header comprising at least one feeder conduit encased in a monolithic casting of concrete. The liquid distribution system distributes a liquid over the fill material in such a way that the liquid gravitates downward through the fill material. The header traverses the enclosure and is supported by the enclosure. The fan assembly draws air upwards through the fill material. The drainage collection system collects the liquid that gravitates through the fill material.

Abstract: A diffuser module and system for diffusing gas into liquid such as in aeration/mixing of wastewater. Each module has a header pipe and diffusers which receive gas from the header pipe. Each pipe is equipped with a smaller internal pipe arranged concentrically to provide an annular space which receives the gas and supplies it to the diffusers. The volume within the internal pipe can serve as a ballast chamber or a buoyancy chamber or both.

Abstract: An evaporative cooler for cooling air includes a cooling housing having an air inlet and an air outlet and an evaporation media, located within the cooling housing intermediate the air inlet and the air outlet for air flow there through and for receiving water to permit evaporation of at least some water. The evaporative cooler includes a drain pan located within the cooling housing and below the evaporation media to catch water which has not evaporated and falling from the evaporation media and a sump located within the cooling housing and below the drain pan for collecting water for use in supplying water to the evaporation media. The evaporative cooler includes a pipe connecting the drain pan to the sump for water movement from the drain pan to the sump and an air vent located within the cooling housing and connected to the pipe, the air vent being open to air within the cooling housing and above the drain pan to permit release of air from within the pipe.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: An embodiment of the present invention provides an air conditioning system (ACS) for conditioning the airstream entering an air-consuming machine, such as, but not limiting of, a gas turbine. Conditioning may be considered a process that adjusts at least one physical property of the airstream. The physical property may comprise: a wet-bulb temperature, a dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, density, or the like. In an embodiment of the present invention, the major components of the ACS may be located in a single structure, which may be considered a module. Depending on the application of the ACS, multiple modules may be physically and/or operationally integrated on the air-consuming machine. An alternate embodiment of the ACS may comprise a module having multiples stages. Here, each stage may operate independently other stages. Furthermore, each stage may use a separate fluid from other stages.

Abstract: A fine-bubble generator is capable of supplying a fluid mixed with a large quantity of fine bubbles into a fluid without causing an unnecessary liquid flow and turbulent flow in the objective fluid. The fine-bubble generator is constructed by arranging two fine-bubble generating sections in a rectangular parallelepiped casing with spouts of the fine-bubble generating sections facing each other.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optimized process and apparatus for more efficiently and economically carrying out the liquid-phase oxidation of an oxidizable compound. Such liquid-phase oxidation is carried out in a bubble column reactor that provides for a highly efficient reaction at relatively low temperatures. When the oxidized compound is para-xylene and the product from the oxidation reaction is crude terephthalic acid (CTA), such CTA product can be purified and separated by more economical techniques than could be employed if the CTA were formed by a conventional high-temperature oxidation process.

Abstract: A device, system and method of mixing two fluids are described herein. A gaseous first fluid is distributed through a distribution zone to a mixing zone by a bundle of pipes parallel to an axis inside which the first fluid is uniformly distributed. A second fluid is uniformly distributed outside the pipes in the distribution zone. The mixing zone is separated from the distribution zone by a pipe-plate supporting the pipes. The pipe-plate has slits or openings to uniformly discharge the second fluid in an axial flow direction into the mixing zone. The pipes extend beyond the pipe-plate into the mixing zone to partialize an outlet flow of the first fluid. In one aspect, the pipes have different lengths to partialize the outlet flow. In another aspect, a terminal portion of the pipes partializes the outlet flow axially, radially, transversally or a combination thereof in the mixing zone.

Abstract: Pressurized water evaporation systems and methods are used to evaporate large quantities of water from water impoundment ponds or other waste water sources. Water evaporation systems include one or more water evaporation barrels having an air acceleration chamber, water atomization chamber, and pressurizable air and water lines in fluid communication with the barrel. Fast moving air and water create fine water droplets within the water atomization chamber of each barrel. A fine spray or mist of tiny water droplets is emitted from a discharge nozzle of each barrel. Water evaporation systems and methods can be used to efficiently evaporate waster water produced by a wide variety of industrial processes, including waste water produced at oil or gas wells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas liquid contactor and effluent cleaning system and method and more particularly to an array of nozzles configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas. An embodiment of the invention is directed towards a gas liquid contactor module including a liquid inlet and outlet and a gas inlet and outlet. An array of nozzles is in communication with the liquid inlet and the gas inlet. The array of nozzles is configured to produce uniformly spaced flat liquid jets shaped to minimize disruption from a gas flow and maximize gas flow and liquid flow interactions while rapidly replenishing the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for the aeration of liquid media by means of tube aeration, special tube modules contained therein and the use of a device for the aeration of liquid media.

Abstract: Vaporizable material is supported within a vessel to promote contact of an introduced gas with the vaporizable material, and produce a product gas including vaporized material. A heating element supplies heat to a wall of the vessel to heat vaporizable material disposed therein. The vessel may comprise an ampoule having a removable top. Multiple containers defining multiple material support surfaces may be stacked disposed within a vessel in thermal communication with the vessel. A tube may be disposed within the vessel and coupled to a gas inlet. Filters, flow meters, and level sensors may be further provided. Product gas resuting from contact of introduced gas with vaporized material may be delivered to atomic layer deposition (ALD) or similar process equipment.

Abstract: A system according to one embodiment includes a moisture trap for drying air; at least one of a first container and a second container; and a mechanism for at least one of: bubbling dried air from the moisture trap through a hydrogen peroxide solution in the first container for producing a hydrogen peroxide vapor, and passing dried air from the moisture trap into a headspace above a hydrogen peroxide solution in the second container for producing a hydrogen peroxide vapor. A method according one embodiment includes at least one of bubbling dried air through a hydrogen peroxide solution in a container for producing a first hydrogen peroxide vapor, and passing dried air from the moisture trap into a headspace above the hydrogen peroxide solution in a container for producing a second hydrogen peroxide vapor.

Abstract: A diffuser module and system for diffusing gas into liquid such as in aeration/mixing of wastewater. Each module has a header pipe and diffusers which receive gas from the header pipe. Each header pipe is equipped with a truss for enhanced structural strength and resistance to bending. The truss may take the form of a buoyancy/ballast pipe connected with the header pipe by purlins.

Abstract: A diffuser module and system for diffusing gas into liquid such as in aeration/mixing of wastewater. Each module has a header pipe and diffusers which receive gas from the header pipe. Each pipe is equipped with a smaller internal pipe arranged concentrically to provide an annular space which receives the gas and supplies it to the diffusers. The volume within the internal pipe can serve as a ballast chamber or a buoyancy chamber or both.

Abstract: A replaceable precursor tray for use with a high conductance, multi-tray solid precursor evaporation system coupled with a high conductance vapor delivery system is described for increasing deposition rate by increasing exposed surface area of solid precursor. The multi-tray solid precursor evaporation system is configured to be coupled to the process chamber of a thin film deposition system, and it includes a base tray with one or more stackable upper trays. Each tray is configured to support and retain film precursor in, for example, solid powder form or solid tablet form. Additionally, each tray is configured to provide for a high conductance flow of carrier gas over the film precursor while the film precursor is heated. For example, the carrier gas flows inward over the film precursor, and vertically upward through a flow channel within the stackable trays and through an outlet in the solid precursor evaporation system.

Abstract: The present invention also relates to a fluid processing device using material pieces, which is usable for processing liquid and gas. The hexagon nut shaped material pieces of stainless steel and the like are heat-treated and oriented such that the material pieces form up into a kind of concentric circles and make single plane, with drawing lines linked the center points of the hexagonal nut shaped material pieces positioned the outermost circumferentially periphery of the concentric arrangement forming up into an equilateral hexagon and such arrangement is retained. Also, a fluid processing device comprises a hollow container that such field converter is positioned in.

Abstract: A corrugated laminate material (44) for use in an evaporative heat exchanger, said material including a water retaining medium having a wettable surface (40) and an opposed vapour resistant surface (42).

Abstract: An aeration system for a submerged membrane module has a set of aerators connected to an air blower, valves and a controller adapted to alternately provide a higher rate or air flow and a lower rate of air flow in repeated cycles. In an embodiment, the air blower, valves and controller, simultaneously provide the alternating air flow to two or more sets of aerators such that the total air flow is constant, allowing the blower to be operated at a constant speed. In another embodiment, the repeated cycles are of short duration. Transient flow conditions result in the tank water which helps avoid dead spaces and assists in agitating the membranes.

Abstract: Structure helps support material in a container with an increased exposed surface area to help promote contact of a gas with vaporized material. For at least one disclosed embodiment, the structure may help support material for vaporization in the same form as when the material is placed at the structure. For at least one disclosed embodiment, the structure may help support material with an increased exposed surface area relative to a maximum exposed surface area the material could have at rest in the container absent the structure. For at least one disclosed embodiment, the structure may define one or more material support surfaces in an interior region of the container in addition to a bottom surface of the interior region of the container. For at least one disclosed embodiment, the structure may define in an interior region of the container one or more material support surfaces having a total surface area greater than a surface area of a bottom surface of the interior region of the container.

Abstract: A humidifier includes a hollow-fiber-membrane module shaped tubular and a support configured to axially slideably support the module.

Abstract: An aeration tank used in a method of treating effluent includes a pipe for transporting the effluent from the source to the tank bottom and a discharge duct having a siphon effect for tapping off an overflow from the tank as more effluent is added from the source. An array of generally horizontal pipes is located in the tank having a series of exit holes along their length and connected to an air plenum at one side wall for feeding air into the end of each of the pipes, the pipes being arranged in columns one above another such that the air escapes from the pipes of the array through the holes to inject air into the effluent in the tank at positions spaced transversely, longitudinally and vertically. The pipes have flat upper discharge surfaces. Above each pipe is provided a collector channel which collects bubbles as they get too large and channels them to one end to be replaced by fresh small bubbles from a next above pipe.

Abstract: A membrane supported biofilm reactor uses modules having fine, dense, non-porous hollow fibers made from Polymethyl pentene (PMP) formed into a fabric with the PMP as the weft. One or more sheets of the fabric are potted into a module to enable oxygen containing gas to be supplied to the lumens of the hollow fibers. Various reactors using such modules are described.

Abstract: A humidifier including an inner case of the shape of a cylinder having a bottom, an outer case of cylindrical shape arranged to be concentric with the inner case, and a plurality of hollow fiber membranes being placed in the space between the two cases and formed into a hollow fiber membrane bundle of a cylindrical shape, wherein fluid pathways are provided which connect from the interior part to the exterior part of the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The humidifier allows all of the hollow fiber membranes to take part in humidification effectively, and thus exhibits improved efficiency in humidification.

Abstract: An ultra low flow liquid distributor generates a very thin yet continuous liquid film over the entire width of a transfer surface. The ultra low flow liquid distributor includes a liquid supply system starting from a common main supply, which is split by repetitive bifurcations into a multitude of liquid sub-mains, until eventually each liquid supply sub-main feeds into one of the many liquid outlet openings. In this the liquid outlet openings are arranged above the liquid supply system, which automatically ensures self-priming.

Abstract: An aeration system for a submerged membrane module has a set of aerators connected to an air blower, valves and a controller adapted to alternately provide a higher rate or air flow and a lower rate of air flow in repeated cycles. In an embodiment, the air blower, valves and controller, simultaneously provide the alternating air flow to two or more sets of aerators such that the total air flow is constant, allowing the blower to be operated at a constant speed. In another embodiment, the repeated cycles are of short duration. Transient flow conditions result in the tank water which helps avoid dead spaces and assists in agitating the membranes.

Abstract: A gas dissolved water producing apparatus includes a gas dissolving section, a gas channel for guiding a gas into the dissolving section, a first water channel for guiding water into the dissolving section, a gas dissolved water discharge channel, and a second water channel for guiding the water without passing through the dissolving section. The second water channel joins the gas dissolved water discharge channel to control the solution gas dissolved in the gas dissolved water can be controlled to a prescribed level of concentration.

Abstract: A vaporizer delivery system for use in semiconductor manufacturing processes including a plurality of vertically stacked containers for holding a vaporizable source material. Each of the vertically stacked containers includes a plurality of vented protuberances extending into the interior of the each stacked container thereby providing channels for passage of a carrier gas between adjacent vertically stacked containers.

Abstract: Solubilizing device of a gas into a fluid includes the following components in combination: at least a first pipe section (1) convergent at the end thereof; a second pipe section (2), with a cross section smaller than that of the first pipe section (1), coaxial and integral thereto; a third pipe section (3) divergent for the entire length thereof, coaxial to the second pipe section (2), of a cross section intermediate between the ones of the first and of the second pipe section, the second and the third pipe section being separated by a mixing chamber, provided with a gas introducer (5) and (6), substantially slanted of a ≦90° angle with respect to the axis of the pipe section (2), for the inlet and the adjustment of the gaseous substance to be admixed to the fluid, respectively. The invention also relates to the use of the aforesaid device in various technological fields. The figure shows an embodiment of the device according to the invention.

Abstract: An aeration system for a submerged membrane module has a set of aerators connected to an air blower, valves and a controller adapted to alternately provide a higher rate or air flow and a lower rate of air flow in repeated cycles. In an embodiment, the air blower, valves and controller, simultaneously provide the alternating air flow to two or more sets of aerators such that the total air flow is constant, allowing the blower to be operated at a constant speed. In another embodiment, the repeated cycles are of short duration. Transient flow conditions result in the tank water which helps avoid dead spaces and assists in agitating the membranes.