Abstract: Apparatus for cultivating aerobic microorganisms is provided which comprises cell multiplying compartment and cell ripening compartment. The invention also provides a cultivation process using the same apparatus. The invention improves oxygen transfer rate and utilization of oxygen, thus enabling cultivation at a higher concentration of microorganisms as compared with any conventional process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dispensing head for apparatus for dispensing beverages and especially gaseous beverages.The head comprises a spout formed of a tubular element 10 of which the internal section increases progressively from the orifice for input of diluting liquid to the discharge orifice and a throat arranged below said tubular element in a position slightly inclined with respect to the horizontal, the passage of the jet of concentrated liquid flowing substantially vertically, being situated in front of the throat and downstream of its end.

Abstract: An apparatus with a unique venturi construction and restriction structure, a liquid intake conduit and mixing chamber is provided for mixing virtually any liquid with any gas, and is particularly designed for efficient aeration of water, such as for use with aquariums and home aquaculture systems. The relative placement of different portions of the apparatus and relative sizes of the component parts are found to be a factor in improving efficiency. One embodiment, combining the unique restriction structure with a rough-edged ring inside the apparatus, is designed for excellent operation efficiency at liquid circulation pressures previously thought to be too low for incorporation of an aerating or intermixing device. The need for an additional intermixing pump is thereby eliminated and a high percentage of gas is dissolved in the liquid, compared to other similar use devices.

Abstract: An improved system for aerating and mixing waste water which is circulated through a plurality of passages in submerged mixing chambers from an inlet to outlet of each wherein gas is mixed with the water, preferably by forming two parallel streams. To flush debris from the mixing chambers and conduits: (1) each inlet is connected to a location higher than the inlet, and at a lower pressure; (2) circulation of water is stopped; and (3) gas is continued to be forced into the passages to create backward flow of waste water through each chamber from outlet to inlet and thence to the higher location, carrying lodged debris out of the chambers and conduits. Intermittent gas flow creates pulsations which help dislodge debris.

Abstract: A metering device for determining and controlling the content of a gas in a liquid, e.g. chlorine gas in water, comprises a pilot-operated check valve in a gas feed line, inserted between a vacuum diaphragm valve and an ejector. The metering device also comprises a concentration meter located on a main, a liquid flow meter, an electronic gas-to-liquid ratio setter correction controller coupled to a device for setting the concentration of the gas in the liquid, coupled to the concentration meter and coupled, via an actuating mechanism, to the gas-to-liquid ratio setter. Connected to the latter is an electronic gas-to-liquid flow ratio controller associated with signal distributors and an actuating mechanism of a gas flow controller. The invention permits the accuracy of metering a gas in a liquid, e.g. chlorine gas in drinking water, to be substantially enhanced, whereby the quality of drinking water is considerably improved.

Abstract: An improved system for mixing gas with waste water in which the water is pumped through a plurality of mixing chambers into which the gas is injected at a step region to form parallel streams of gas and water. An extending chamber contains the parallel streams as the interface between them becomes unstable, breaks down creating vortices and produces tiny bubbles which mix with the water. The extending chamber is divided into two sections with at least the section remote from the step surface tapered inwardly at a rate of 11.degree.-22.degree. to permit operation at higher air flow rates without blowing the bubble forming vortices out of the chamber.

Abstract: A machine which utilizes hydraulic effects to disperse gas bubbles throughout a contained liquid includes a feed duct mounted to introduce raw liquid into the contained liquid. The feed duct comprises a first hollow tubular member into which a stream of processed liquid is pumped. A second hollow tubular member is affixed outside, and concentric with, the first tubular member so that space is formed around the open end of the first tubular member. Raw liquid is introduced into the space between the two members, and the processed liquid aspirates the raw liquid through the feed duct.

Abstract: Aerated liquid injected into contaminated wastewater provides minute bubbles which ascend slowly and become attached to contaminants to buoy them to the liquid surface. To produce an intimate mix of the aerated liquid and wastewater, the aerated liquid is injected into the wastewater through opposed mutually confronting openings. Streams emerging from the openings collide to create an area of high turbulence.

Abstract: An improved system for mixing gas with waste water in which the water is pumped through a plurality of nozzles or vortex mixing chambers into which the gas is injected at a step region to form parallel streams of gas and water. The multiple stage nozzle includes an extending chamber which contains the parallel streams as the interface between them becomes unstable, breaks down creating vortices and produces tiny bubbles which mix with the water. The extending chamber is divided into three sections or stages with at least one section tapered inwardly at a rate of 11.degree.-22.degree. to permit operation at higher air flow rates without loss of efficiency and the outermost section from which the mixed stream is directly discharged into the body of waste water being non-diverging, preferably cylindrical.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for promoting heterogeneous chemical and physical reactions in a gas stream using a vertical casing which is substantially liquid and gas tight having a gas inlet in the upper portion; means in the upper portion of the casing for introduction of reactant liquids and solids; a nozzle within the casing having an entry at the upper end in communication with the gas inlet and an outlet at the lower end, the entry having an effective cross-sectional area of about 2 to about 64 times the effective cross-sectional area of the outlet and the mean angle of convergence of the nozzle being about 8.degree. to about 18.degree.; means for removing liquid and particulate matter from the lower portion of the casing following desired reaction; and means for separately removing the gas from the lower portion of the casing. The apparatus and process of this invention is especially useful in providing a self-cleaning, non-clogging system for inducing high reaction kinetics.

Abstract: A mixing device and method of mixing a liquid, vapor, or gas into a slurry of material in a vat in which the liquid, vapor, or gas is introduced into a stream of the slurry passing from the vat through a venturi at the diverging portion of the venturi, and in which the slurry with the entrained liquid, vapor, or gas is returned to the vat below an umbrella of a high velocity stream of slurry in the vat produced by an agitator so as to dissipate the heat of reaction between the two fluids.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of purification of a fluid by treatment with a treating fluid in a flow pipe. The flow pipe has a flat plate orifice located therein, which orifice has an internal diameter of from about 0.7 to about 0.9 of the internal diameter of the pipe. A vena contracta portion is located in the flow pipe at a distance of from 0.25 to 0.5 pipe diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice. An injection nozzle for introducing the treating fluid into the flow pipe extends through the flat plate orifice with the tip of the injection nozzle being located in the vena contracta portion so that the fluid is thoroughly treated by the treating fluid.

Abstract: An improvement in a process for introducing carbon dioxide into a liquid flowing through a main line, the improvement residing in withdrawing a portion of said liquid through a by-pass line, introducing carbon dioxide into said liquid while in said by-pass line and returning the carbon dioxide enriched liquid to said main line while adjusting the amount of carbon dioxide introduced into said by-pass line to provide a desired carbon dioxide concentration in said liquid in said main line and a device therefore. The process and device disclosed are especially useful for introducing a gas into a beverage, for example, beer, mineral water, barley water, fruit juices, milk and generally alcoholic and nonalcoholic carbon dioxide containing beverages.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing a product such as fertilizer which has acidic and basic constituents having, a venturi pump and a mixing tank. The venturi pump is powered by mixing the constituents in a reaction chamber and expelling the resulting product through a venturi tube. The venturi tube entrains additional product adjacent to the entrance of the tube and expels the additional product along with the product just produced by the reaction in order to mix the product in the tank.

Abstract: A steam injector, more particularly for use in the food and chemical industries for heating flowable product such as milk, comprises a stack of discs in an injection chamber. Central holes in the discs together define a central passage for the flowable product, and parallel chordal channels in each disc permit steam injection into the central passage.

Abstract: A stream of hot primary gas rising from the gasification region in a slag bath generator passes through an after-gasification region and thence into a cooling region. The stream of hot gas is cooled in the cooling region by injecting purified and cooled primary gas through tangentially-arranged nozzles at an outlet velocity of between 1 and 8 meters per second. Below the tangentially-arranged nozzles, other gas-cooling nozzles inject cooled and purified primary gas into the hot gas stream upwardly at an angle within 10.degree.-60.degree. , preferably at 45.degree. and at an outlet velocity of between 10 and 160 meters per second. The upwardly-inclined gas injection nozzles are carried by the inner wall of an annular duct. The inner wall extends between a lining of cooling tubes surrounding the vertical gas flow space.

Abstract: An improved method and system for mixing gas with waste water in which the water is pumped through a plurality of mixing chambers into which the gas is injected at a step surface to form parallel streams of gas and water. An extending chamber contains the parallel streams as the interface between them becomes unstable, breaks down creating vortices and produces tiny bubbles which mix with the water. The extending chamber is tapered inwardly to permit operation at higher air flow rates without blowing the bubble forming vortices out of the chamber. Helical vanes are preferably provided in the passages which inject the air into the extending chamber to create better wave generating conditions to extend the range to greater air flow rates.

Abstract: A method of carrying out air oxidation comprises substantially continuously feeding liquid and air to an oxidizing tank (A) via a bubble forming device (D) which is fixed at the bottom of the tank, feeding a part of the liquid out of the tank via a lower port to a gas-liquid separating device (B) and then returning the liquid free from gas from the separating device to the oxidizing tank via the bubble forming device. Air separated from the liquid in the separating device is returned to the oxidizing tank and the finished solution is overflowed out from an upper portion of the oxidizing tank. The bubble forming device operates by feeding air into the lower chamber thereof via a nozzle which is aligned with and directed toward an orifice in a partition which divides the bubble forming device into two chambers. The liquid is fed into the lower chamber and the liquid and air are fed as a mixture through the orifice to impinge an upper wall of the upper chamber of the bubble forming device to more fully mix same.

Abstract: This invention is directed to an aerator device and method for generating fine bubbles from a liquid and gas mixture. In particular this invention is directed to aeration of liquid to generate fine bubbles for industrial as well as for domestic use.

Abstract: An apparatus for introducing air into a liquid including an aerator housing having inner and outer walls defining an inner pressure chamber and an outer air chamber with jet nozzles being carried by the inner walls and opening radially outwardly for directing liquid jets from the pressure chamber through the air chamber, catching nozzles carried by the outer wall and opening outwardly therefrom in alignment with the jet nozzles for receiving a combined liquid and air flow therefrom, a driven liquid pump in the pressure chamber and a compressed air generator driven by a motor and carried thereby, and an air conduit leading from the compressed air generator into the air chamber.

Abstract: A fluid mixer providing improved fine mixing of a rough mixture of liquid and gas. The mixer includes a plurality of grooved annular plates defining an annular array of flow passages leading inwardly from a delivery space receiving the rough mixture to an inner central outlet space for discharging the fine mixture. The gas is introduced into the liquid to define the rough mixture in the form of an annular stream directed toward an inlet opening delivering the liquid to a mixing space. The rough mixture is delivered through a transfer space to the annular space about the fine mixer. The annular inlet space has a relatively large volume to provide a low flow rate therethrough to the fine mixer. Confronting grooves of the fine mixer plates may cross, and in the illustrated embodiment, the grooves of one face cross a plurality of grooves of the opposite face. The grooved plates may be arranged in aligned relationship or may be randomly disposed as desired.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for transferring gas to liquid, for example, air to liquid in an aeration process. Included is a novel combination air-liquid conduit and a method of making same, a novel jet aerator wherein the outlet section is shortened to include only a converging portion, a novel aeration system utilizing the conduit and jet aerator aforesaid and a novel coupling means for mounting the aerator on the conduit.

Abstract: Fittings for the recirculation system of a pool in which a Venturi T-fitting has an air inlet connector. Water entering the inlet end of the T-fitting advances through an adapter, which is in threaded engagement with a Venturi insert formed with a discharge orifice. The insert is formed with a nut-like projection. The water entering the adapter is discharged through the discharge orifice of the Venturi insert as it is mixed with air under pressure so as to be aerated. The aerated water is discharged from the Venturi T-fitting for passage through an inlet fitting for the recirculation of water in a pool. For regulating the size of the discharge orifice, the Venturi insert is removably replaced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mixing gases and liquids which has an intense mixing effect and is very easy to clean. The device comprises a housing with feed pipes for gas and liquid, into which an injector nozzle is inserted and a mixing nozzle is screwed.

Abstract: A thermal syphon-pressure pump neutralizer for neutralizing nitric acid with ammonia, comprising a reaction vessel for containing an aqueous reaction medium and having a gas outlet in its upper end and a product outlet spaced therebelow, a fluid impervious vertically disposed cylindrical member in the vessel defining a second reaction zone therewithin and a first reaction zone between the member and the vessel, the lower inlet end of the cylindrical member being spaced above the bottom of the vessel, ammonia inlet means leading into the bottom of the vessel in close proximity to but spaced below the cylindrical member inlet, nitric acid inlet means leading into the first reaction zone being spaced a predetermined distance above the cylindrical member inlet and below the product outlet, a free gas zone being provided between the reaction zones and the gas outlet and deflector means above the second reaction zone and in communication with the first reaction zone so that solution and gases evolved from the outle

Abstract: A blood oxygenator wherein blood and oxygen are admixed by flowing blood, into which has been introduced bubbles of oxygen, through a three dimensional, open cellular mixing material having a substantial void volume. In one embodiment, the admixing chamber is provided by an upright cylinder having an open interior. In a second embodiment, the chamber has an annular interior configuration. In both embodiments, the open cellular mixing material completely fills the cross-sectional interior of the chamber. The resulting arterialized blood and blood foam rise to the top of the admixing chamber and are contained in a channel located at the top of the chamber and directed through this channel to the input of a defoamer chamber. A defoamer filter of annular configuration is retained within the defoamer chamber such that the defoamer inlet is located at the top of the defoamer filter within the interior annular space thereof.

Abstract: A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures or pipe hammer by introducing a gas into a flow conduit in such an amount that the introduced gas is in excess of that required to saturate the liquid. Preferably, the gases are those which are relatively inert or not unduly reactive and which possess relatively low saturation levels with respect to the liquid. Desirably, the gas is added through a member to the flow conduit in a vicinity of high turbulence. The surge suppression system can be utilized in generally any liquid system and particularly in a liquid transmission system.Another embodiment pertains to a scrubber or washer for generally purifying gases and may contain one or two stages to efficiently remove impurities as through the use of high solubility fluids, fluids which decompose contaminants or which contain or provide (i.e. heating stage) catalysts to decompose contaminants, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents.

Abstract: A surge suppression system for dampening surge pressures or pipe hammer by introducing a gas into a flow conduit in such an amount that the introduced gas is in excess of that required to saturate the liquid. Preferably, the gases are those which are relatively inert or not unduly reactive and which possess relatively low saturation levels with respect to the liquid. Desirably, the gas is added through a member to the flow conduit in a vicinity of high turbulence. The surge suppression system can be utilized in generally any liquid system and particularly in a liquid transmission system.Another embodiment pertains to a scrubber or washer for generally purifying gases and may contain one or two stages to efficiently remove impurities as through the use of high solubility fluids, fluids which decompose contaminants or which contain or provide (i.e., heating stage) catalysts to decompose contaminants, oxidizing agents, or reducing agents.

Abstract: A device for making ball-shaped metal oxide and metal carbide particles, ecially particles of fuel or breeder substances for nuclear reactors such as oxidic or carbide cores of uranium or the like. The device comprises a container for the ammonia and organic phase, and an injection tube leading into the top of the container. The injection tube is surrounded by a mantle passage of which the cross section is widened in the region of the mouth of the injection tube. The injection tube leads into the container at a distance of from 0.5 to 2 mm. ahead of the end of the mantle passage. The injection tube has an outward diameter which steadily decreases toward the mouth of the injection tube.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for combining at least two chemical reaction components, a foam component which is caused to form a foam, and an aerosol component which is atomized to aerosol form, prior to their combination in a mixing chamber. In order to obtain a very homogeneous admixing of the aerosol component to the foam component for producing cell structures having very thin cell partition walls, the foam component is caused to rotate when it is being advanced through the mixing chamber and sprayed with the finely distributed droplets of the aerosol component.

Abstract: A rapid and efficient method for disinfection of waste liquid such as sewage effluent by means of a fluid disinfecting agent, (e.g. ozone or chlorine) in which the disinfecting agent and all of the waste liquid to be treated pass through a turbulent flow zone within a limited period of time. Also disclosed is specific apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An ejector mixer for gases and/or liquids comprising three coaxial nozzles in communication with a mixing chamber that merges into a diffuser. One component to be mixed is fed into the middle annular nozzle, while the other component is supplied via the outer and the inner annular nozzle, so that the stream or the first component, upon entry into the annular mixing chamber, will be confined by the two streams of the second component.

Abstract: A steam conditioning valve having a multi-turn labyrinth disk stack mounted between the inlet and the outlet of the valve is provided with a cooling fluid spray assembly for injecting the cooling fluid into the valve upstream of the labyrinth. The spray assembly includes a cooling fluid supply line extending through the valve housing without physically contacting the housing to prevent heat transfer between the cooling fluid line and the valve housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for operating on liquids and gases to perform operations such as altering the extent to which a gas is contained in a liquid and pumping a gas, by means of a liquid, from a lower pressure to a higher pressure. A liquid is drawn upwardly along a suction tube from a first body of the liquid to an elevation substantially higher than this first body so as to reduce the hydrostatic head of the liquid, and from the suction tube the liquid flows back down a delivery tube to a second body of the liquid, an ejector being provided at the upper end region of the delivery tube for increasing the velocity of flow of the liquid while further reducing the pressure thereof. At the ejector a gas is combined with the liquid to be pumped thereby from a lower to a higher pressure, or a gas at a relatively higher pressure than the liquid at the ejector is combined with this liquid at the ejector to be at least partly dissolved into the liquid.

Abstract: An ejector type gas-liquid mixing apparatus having a valve for feeding a gas, which does not adversely affect the main gas-liquid mixing operation, into the gas feed system thereof, when the pressure of the gas feed system decreases below a predetermined value, wherein the valve is disposed between an aspirating inlet of the ejector and the gas feeder. Thus, in an apparatus for mixing a liquid and ozone using an ejector, which comprises a first pipe system for connecting the ejector and an ozone generator, a second pipe system for connecting a reaction vessel for separating the unreacted ozone from the gas-liquid mixture fluid fed from the ejector, an exhaust ozone removing device for removing the unreacted ozone, and such check valve connecting the first and second pipe systems, any ozone leaked from the check valve is removed by the exhaust ozone removing device and counterflowing liquid from the aspirating inlet of the ejector to the gas feed system is prevented.

Abstract: A foraminous steam injection tube is mounted within a heating chamber to inject steam into water flowing through the heating chamber to heat the water. A foraminous diffusion screen is mounted around the steam injection tube and in spaced tandem relation, to diffuse the steam jets issuing therefrom, suppress the formation of large bubbles and to eliminate water hammer in the system.

Abstract: In a steam reforming valve having pressure-reducing valve means for reducing the pressure of superheated steam at high temperature and high pressure and temperature reducing means for reducing the temperature of said superheated steam by spraying water thereinto, a perforated plate comprises a part fixed to a main structure of the steam reforming valve on the downstream side of the temperature reducing means with respect to the direction of flow of the steam within the main structure and a disc part held by the fixed part and having a plurality of through-holes for passing therethrough steam and sprayed water. The disc part is of a construction whereby it has a free end relative to the fixed part.

Abstract: A fluid eductor for injecting a secondary fluid e.g. air, oxygen, ozone or other reactant fluids into a primary fluid, e.g. oxygen, waste water, depleted water, sewage fluids or other reactant fluids flowing in a conduit. A spool housing having a generally cylindrical header assembly interior thereof is mounted in the conduit in the flow path of the primary fluid. In a first embodiment, the header assembly comprises a hollow tank, an inlet pipe coupled to an external supply of secondary fluid, a plurality of flow through pipes extending through the header tank along the secondary fluid flow path and terminating downstream of the tank, and a corresponding plurality of conical platelet assemblies each arranged concentrically of the associated flow through pipe. Each conical platelet assembly provides a plurality of flow passages in communication with the interior of the tank and the associated flow through pipe to permit secondary fluid to be injected into the primary fluid flowing through the pipe.