Abstract: Double valve apparatus is used in a swimming pool chlorinating system for injecting chlorine gas into a swimming pool when a swimming pool pump is operating. Two valve elements move on and off two valve seats for preventing air from bleeding back to the water pump when the pump is not operating and for preventing back pressure in the system from introducing water into the chlorine gas line.

Abstract: According to the present invention, in an apparatus for mass transferring between phases different from each other, tube plates are fixed to opposite opening ends of an outer tubular column having a fluid feeding nozzle and a fluid discharge nozzle, the tube plates are each formed therethrough with a through-hole or through-holes for fixing a porous tube or tubes, each of the holes is formed over the entire peripheral wall thereof with a stepped portion such that an elastic member such as an O-ring can be easily provided, a tubular press-in member including an annular elastic member, a collar and the like are provided in the hole, into which the end portion of the porous tube is coupled, whereby the press-in member is pressed into a space formed between the hole wall and the porous tube wall so as to achieve sealing between the porous tube wall and the tube plate wall, so that the inner porous tube can be replaced by a new one simply, easily and quickly.

Abstract: A water jet aerator in combination with a diverter valve including an aerator housing, a valve body that is rotatably positioned within the aerator housing, and a swivel nozzle. The aerator housing includes a water inlet conduit, a water outlet conduit, and an air inlet conduit, while the valve body forms two chambers, a diverter chamber and an aeration chamber. As the valve body is rotated in one direction within the aerator housing, water flow from the water inlet conduit to the aeration chamber is diverted to the water outlet conduit, while the air inlet conduit is proportionally closed to the aeration chamber. As the valve body is rotated in the other direction, water flow from the water inlet conduit to the water outlet conduit is diverted to the aeration chamber, while the air inlet conduit is proportionally opened to the aeration chamber.

Abstract: A water cannon, having an air gun disposed within its breach, for explosively discharging a quantity of water from the muzzle, which may include a constricted directional nozzle, to dislodge sludge from the tube sheet of a heat exchanger, and a method of cleaning the tube sheet of a heat exchanger are disclosed.

Abstract: An aerator (10) is disclosed which includes a hollow outer tube (12) and a hollow inner tube (14) rotatably supported therein. The inner tube is drivingly connected to a drive shaft (28) of the motor (18). A mounting flange (34) extends from a first end (36) of the outer tube and a mounting bracket (30) is interposed between the mounting flange and the motor. The mounting bracket and mounting flange are removably attached to the motor. A bearing mechanism which includes a bearing (44) and a ceramic wear sleeve (46) rotatably support a second end (40) of the inner tube adjacent the second end (42) of the outer tube. A propeller (20) is attached to the second end of the inner tube and has a pitch which is sufficiently high to move liquid past it at a velocity wherein cavitation of the liquid above the propeller is prevented at a preselected operating rotational speed.

Abstract: A process for deoxygenating or carbonating a food or biological liquid product having an initial dissolved oxygen concentration between 9 mg/l and 12 mg/l, comprising injecting at least one gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen and carbon dioxide into a current of the food or biological liquid product thereby to form a gas/liquid emulsion. The emulsion is introduced into a storage vessel. The gas is at a pressure of about 3 bars. The gas and liquid are injected into a confined mixing chamber at a volume rate of gas to liquid between 3 and 5, and expelled the chamber at a velocity of 15 to 30 meters per second into the vessel above the bottom of the vessel a distance which is a minor proportion of the height of the vessel, until the residual dissolved oxygen content is less than 0.25 mg/l.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating gaseous bubbles in a liquid body comprises a bubble chamber for mixing a pressurized gas with a liquid at a pressure greater than atmospheric and a fine injector tip for releasing the pressurized gas-liquid mixture from the bubble chamber under a high tip velocity and shear. The apparatus is adapted for supplying bubbles to a flotation column for the treatment of mineral ore materials.

Abstract: In the inside of a main body case 4, a motor 10 and a pump 11 are contained. To the pump 11, a suction pipe 12 and an outlet pipe 14 are connected. Jet nozzles 17 are coupled to a portion of the outlet pipe 14. The tip portion of the suction pipe 12 is submerged in the hot water 13 of a bathtub 3 so that the hot water 13 is sucked up by the suction power of the pump 11. The hot water thus sucked up is sent out from an outlet of the pump 12 into the outlet pipe 14 so that it shoots out as jet currents from the jet nozzles 17 to the surface of the hot water 13. At this time, countless air bubbles are generated in the hot water 13 and when they are bursted, ultrasonic wave is generated to bring about various healthfull effects. The above stated components are all installed in a bathroom 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for injecting a gas such as CO.sub.2 into a flowing liquid. The liquid is contained in a three-section conduit consisting of converging, bottleneck and diverging sections. The sections are joined end-to-end with different radii adjacent their inner surfaces, i.e., they are joined end-to-end without concordance radii so as to produce a turbulence effect in the liquid flowing through the conduit. An annular chamber is disposed about the bottleneck section and includes a connection for connecting to a source of pressurized gas or the like. The annular chamber is separated from the bottleneck by a wall perforated with micro-holes which allow gas entrainment into the flowing liquid. A plurality of hollow needles which extend varying amounts into the liquid flow are disposed in the wall to provide multiple sites of gas injection in the annular chamber. The arrangement is useful for neutralizing alkaline water by injecting CO.sub.2 gas therein.

Abstract: A device for continuously introducing a gas into a liquid, in connection with a flotation operation, a deinking unit or the like. The liquid issues from an endless annular gap (6) which does not have any internal obstacles whatever such as boundary walls or the like and, after absorbing the gas, flows into a radial diffuser (14) from which the liquid, enriched with gas bubbles, issues into the treatment container of the apparatus. Therefore, for a treatment tank of circular cross-section, a single gasification device which is disposed centrally in the vicinity of the bottom is sufficient. An optional swirl flow may be produced by suitable deflection in the region of the diffuser or in the chamber for the liquid, which is disposed upstream in the annular gap.

Abstract: A portable gas removal system for withdrawing a flammable gas from a low pressure subterranean formation wherein the gas is aspirated from a well with water, the mixture of gas and water are introduced into a receiving chamber where the aspirated gas is stripped and mixed with air and an air-gas mixture is withdrawn having a gas concentration lower than the explosive limit.

Abstract: A process and device for mixing and dissolving gas (G) in liquid (F), this latter being introduced under pressure through a nozzle plate (12) into a reaction space (1), whence a mixture of gas (G) and solution (L) flow out through outlets (10) laterally at the bottom into a solution tank (2) and the gas (G) recirculates through inlets (11) at the top near the nozzle plate (12). The solution tank (2) is filled to a level (N1) between the in- and outlets (11, 10) at a medium pressure; the dissolved body of gas (G) is delivered subsequently via a gas flow regulator (5) and the solution (L) is drawn off from the solution tank (2) at a low pressure level via a control valve (24) as a supersaturated solution (UL). An embodiment of the nozzle plate (12) is disclosed with injector nozzles at the edge and mixing nozzles on the inside.

Abstract: A jet aerator header assembly is provided for the deep oxygen contact duct of a partial, total, or non-barriered oxidation ditch having an endless channel. The header assembly may be vertically installed in the bottom of the contact duct or at an angle in the intake portion thereof as a mid-duct header assembly; it can additionally be installed in a horizontal position at the inlet of the contact duct as an inlet header assembly. Each header assembly comprises a liquid header, an air header, a plurality of jet aerators which are flow connected to both headers, stiffener plates which rigidly attach the headers to each other and to the jet aerators, and pipes connecting the headers to respective liquid and air supply lines. The mid-duct header assembly is slideably mounted within an access duct which is accessible from the surface.

Abstract: Improved methods apparatus are provided for introducing and entraining air into a waste liquid, thereby increasing the quantity of dissolved oxygen in the liquid to enhance the aerobic treatment process. A power driven propeller is preferably positioned at the discharge end of conical-shaped transition housing, and draws in air while waste water is controllably introduced to the transition housing from below the surface of the water. The housing upstream from the propeller is primarily an air chamber with incoming streams of water, while the housing downstream from the propeller is filled with waste water having minute entrained air bubbles. The water and entrained air are thus discharged downwardly, and the axis of the equipment preferably inclined to increase circulation in the waste water pond or tank. The techniques of the present invention have relatively low power requirements while substantially increasing gas concentration in the liquid.

Abstract: A flotation cell featuring a mixing pipe which enters the suspension essentially vertically, follows the point of air intake, and generally receives the entire suspension quantity per flotation cell, the injector of the flotation cell is offset sideways relative to the vertical center axis of the round container cross-section and away from the side on which the foam removal opening and the liquid drain opening are located. The mixing pipe (1) enters the suspension only for a distance such that its discharge opening, mouth (2), is located at least at one-half the height of the level of the overflow edge (7) of the foam removal channel (8), figured from the container bottom. The liquid drain opening (9) is preferably provided in the immediate vicinity of the container bottom, with a cover plate (11) extending across the length of the flotation cell and forming a drain channel (12) into which proceeds the clean liquid through an upper (14) and a lower (13) slot.

Abstract: A pump 120 contained in a first case 9 sucks hot water 13 in a bathtub 1 through an inlet 12 and pushes the hot water 13 upward through an outlet pipe 14 above the water surface 16. The outlet pipe 14 is coupled to jet nozzles 15, so that the hot water is shot out from the jet nozzles 15 toward the water surface 16. At this time, countless air bubbles are generated in the hot water. The first case 9 and the second case 20 together with the pump 10, a motor 11, the outlet pipe 14, the jet nozzles 15 etc. contained in these cases are installed integrally as a unitary body which is transportable.

Abstract: In deinking, the flotation of fiber suspensions is performed in a cylindrical tank 2 to which the fiber suspension is fed through a coupling means 36 as primary stream. The fiber suspension is already aerated and is withdrawn through a suction connection 33 below the coupling means 36 and fed after another aeration through a secondary connection 35 above the coupling means. The volume of the circulated secondary stream is greater than the volume of the primary stream. It is thereby assured that the fiber suspension is aerated at least twice and thus better cleaned.

Abstract: An improved barrier oxidation ditch is provided which has a channel portion for unaerated induced-flow and an inclined duct for aerated induced flow, whereby energy in the dammed-up momentum is more efficiently released. This induced-flow duct is inclided at 30.degree. to 60.degree. to the horizontal, preferably 45.degree., and is disposed upstream of, downstream of, or alongside of the circulator/aerator in the intake channel. The induced-flow duct is preferably rectangular in cross-section and may have its downstream wall formed by the baffle if it is downstream of the circulator/aerator. The induced-flow duct is connected at its lower end to the discharge duct to initiate a combined-flow portion thereof. This combined-flow portion has an upper side which may be a thin wall or may be a much thicker aerator bridge. A baffle may be mounted downstream of the inlet of the induced flow duct for selectively restricting the amount of unaerated induced flow.

Abstract: The aeration of dispersions, especially the aeration of fiber suspensions in a flotation apparatus 1, is performed with a ring injector 2 to which air is delivered through air feed ducts 11 in the mixing section 4. The annular gap forming in the ring injector 2 is thus aerated inside and out. The center core 7, which tapers in the direction of the greatest free cross section Q4 of the ring injector 2, is provided with a fin 56 which prevents the rotation of the dispersion.

Abstract: An aspirating aeration and liquid mixing apparatus is positioned in a body of water and includes a motor driven propeller positioned within an intake duct and driving water through a nozzle. A plenum with an air intake pipe extends about the nozzle. The nozzle has ports with ramps thereover to provide a constriction for aspiration. The ramps are spaced annually about the interior of the nozzle with channels between the ramps. As water passes through the nozzle, a low pressure zone is created immediately downstream of the constriction to draw air through the ports, the plenum and the air intake pipe for aeration of the water. Large size materials which could otherwise clog at the constriction pass through the channels substantially unimpeded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for circulating water within a body of water including an inductor and an aspirator disposed inside the inductor. The inductor is partially submerged in the body of water and it has a restricted segment between two open ends. The aspirator is disclosed below the restricted segment in a predetermined position to provide enhanced circulation of water. Specifically, the aspirator provides a cone which fills the restricted segment with a mixture of air and water and the aspirator is positioned relative to the restricted segment so that the point where the cone begins to break apart is at or near this restricted segment.

Abstract: In a gas treating device liquid is pressurized in a liquid chamber and is fed from this chamber into ejectors which open directly into venturi fittings which are surrounded by a gas chamber. Gas enters through an inlet into this gas chamber. A gas-liquid mixture enters from the venturi fittings into a tank, where the gas is separated from the liquid. Liquid from the tank is fed through a pump into the liquid chamber. Gas escapes from the tank into a discharge line comprising a de-mister.

Abstract: A refrigerated beverage dispenser having a base supporting a container housing a device for circulating and whipping a beverage. An evaporator is located in the container while the refrigerator unit thereof is housed within the base, along with a motor and a magnetic transmission for driving a circulating and whipper device within the container. The impeller is rotatably mounted upon a pin in a housing chamber of the container and includes a plurality of ports associated with pipes for both circulating the beverage within the container and dispensing the beverage outside of the container. One of the pipes is connected to a port of the impeller housing and has a non-return valve which selectively regulates fluid communication between the container and the housing chamber. Another pipe connnects the impeller housing to the container exterior for dispensing the beverage.

Abstract: An in-line system is provided for treating acid mine drainage which basically comprises the combination of a jet pump (or pumps) and a static mixer. The jet pump entrains air into the acid waste water using a Venturi effect so as to provide aeration of the waste water while further aeration is provided by the helical vanes of the static mixer. A neutralizing agent is injected into the suction chamber of the jet pump and the static mixer is formed by plural sections offset by 90 degrees.

Abstract: This invention provides an aerator comprising a jet stream generator for ejecting a gas and a liquid in a mixed state from a nozzle, and a tubular flow straightener for mixing the bubble-containing stream ejected from the nozzle with ambient water and discharging the resulting mixture from the discharge orifice thereof, characterized in that the flow straightener has a tubular form whose internal diameter is reduced from the inlet toward the discharge orifice through at least a part of its length.This aerator can produce a stream containing minute gas bubbles, even when a gas is supplied thereto in such a large amount as to give a gas-to-liquid volume ratio of 3/1.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing and removing dissolved and particulate matter from natural bodies of water and wastewater in situ for the production of organic biomass such as feedstocks, for the removal of pollutants, nutrients, toxins and other substances, and for other purposes. A gas is introduced through a diffuser into a body of water to form bubbles. The bubbles rise within a lifting tube, gathering dissolved and particulate matter on their surfaces. The bubbles produce a foam at the surface of the body of water, the foam being collected in a reservoir, concentrated and drawn off.

Abstract: Apparatus for preparing spherical, submicronic, monodispersed, and non-agglomerated particles of metal oxides by reacing with steam a gaseous stream containing an aerosol of liquid particles of a hydrolyzable metal compound. The apparatus is characterized in that into a duct, in which an inert gas stream containing vapors of a hydrolyzable metal compound flows, there is fed through a nozzle a cold inert gas stream, the temperatures and flows of the two gaseous streams being such as to establish in the duct a temperature lower than the condensation temperature of the metal compound; the mixed gaseous streams having a turbulent flow in the duct, with a Reynolds number equal to or higher than 1800. At the duct outlet, the aerosol of metal compound liquid particles, which has formed in the duct, is caused to react with steam, wherefore solid particles of hydrated metal oxide form, which are subsequently calcined to the oxide.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scrubbing flue gas that is charged with noxious material. Scrubbing is accomplished via flowable absorption material in a gas-scrubbing unit having an atomizing device with at least one independent nozzle in which, pursuant to the air flow atomization principle, the absorbing material, as atomizing material, is atomized in parallel flow with a gas, as an atomizing medium, to form a fine droplet stream while at the same time the atomizing material and the atomizing medium are intensely mixed. Atomizing material is introduced into a nozzle in such a way that the material forms a film on one side of an atomizer edge disposed in the nozzle. Each atomizing medium stream is split into two partial streams.

Abstract: A gas-liquid reactor includes a cylindrical vessel containing a liquid with a head space defined above the liquid surface, a submerged jet nozzle positioned on the vessel axis for injecting liquid and gas upwardly into the vessel, and at least two free jet nozzles positioned at the top of the vessel in the head space for injecting a liquid jet downwardly into the liquid in the vessel such that gas in the head space is entrained into the liquid jet and mixed into the liquid in the vessel. The reactor is provided with a cylindrical guide tube coaxial with the vessel sidewall and terminating below the liquid surface for directing circulation. A baffle system directs reactive gas rising from the liquid surface to the head space for entrainment in the liquid jet and directs reacted gas rising from the liquid surface to a vent. Diffuser tubes extend downwardly from each of the free jet nozzles into the liquid for delivering the gas-liquid mixture into the lower portion of the vessel outside the guide tube.

Abstract: An apparatus for impregnating water with carbon dioxide provides a stepped-flow channel with radial shoulders lying in planes perpendicular to the axis of the flow channel creating a zone of increased flow velocity downstream of each shoulder. Radial bores open into each stepped section adjacent the respective shoulder and communicate with a chamber surrounding the flow channel to supply the carbon dioxide to the liquid which is permitted to fill the flow channel and flow freely into an inlet section.

Abstract: A bleach system for blending gaseous chlorine with a paper pulp slurry flow stream by mixing the chlorine with a larger quantity of steam prior to blending the chlorine/steam gas mixture with bleach washer filtrate which serves as carrier water for a multiplied number of gas bubbles entrained in the filtrate. As the cooler filtrate water extracts heat from the mixed gas bubble, the steam constituent condenses to collapse each bubble to a fraction of the original volume thereby providing a larger number of smaller chlorine bubbles than otherwise available from conventional phase mixing injectors.The mixed phase flow stream of chlorine and filtrate is thereafter blended with the pulp slurry flow stream by shear induced turbulence resulting from a greater injection velocity of the mixed phase stream into the center of the slower moving slurry stream.

Abstract: In the treatment of livestock waste, liquid to be aerated is pumped from a storage container, holding pond or lagoon and drawn through a magnetic air inductor inlet then pumped into a conical chamber towards an outlet port at the narrow end of each of a series of conical chambers. Air is drawn into the chamber by pressure differential and intermingled with the liquid and waste to be treated to hydrolyze the fines as the material passes through the chambers. A conically shaped expansion cone attached as an extension of each chamber outlet port permits further expansion and intermingling of the air and liquid waste mixture. An open-ended sleeve is attached in surrounding relation to the outlet of each discharge cone so that the air/liquid stream from each cone is directed axially through its sleeve, each sleeve having a spiral baffle plate extending along the interior length thereof to further promote agitation of the mixture and most complete aerobic digestion of the fines.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to kill pathogens with ozone and singlet oxygen. Includes steps of providing a reaction chamber, establishing an elevated electrical force field in the reaction chamber and moving a gas containing normal oxygen (O.sub.2) through the chamber to permit ionization and consequent reaction within the gas which converts the oxygen (O.sub.2) into constituents of ozone (O.sub.3) and singlet oxygen (O.sub.1). Next moves gas containing constituents into contact with pathogens to kill pathogens. Invention is applied to sterilize medical instruments and containers, and when applied to human skin surfaces, for treatment of pathogenic infestations.

Abstract: A apparatus for injecting ozone into the water of a swimming pool comprising a movable head adapted to float on the water in a pool, a water-responsive drive coupled to the head, and at least one flexible conduit coupled to the head and having at least one opening therein. Water under pressure is supplied to the flexible conduit to cause it to move and to the water-responsive drive to cause it to propel the head through the water of the pool. Ozone is injected into the flexible conduit and out of the opening therein to mix with the water in the swimming pool.

Abstract: In order to dissolve a gas such as oxygen in a liquid, typically aqueous, a stream of liquid is taken from tank 2 by a pump 10 and pressurized thereby. Oxygen is introduced into the stream via a conduit 18 upstream of a venturi 20. The resulting mixture of oxygen bubbles and liquid is accelerated from a sub-sonic to a super-sonic velocity as it flows through the venturi 20. The resultant shockwave is effective to reduce the size of the bubbles. The stream of liquid carrying oxygen bubbles dispersed therein is then transported at sub-sonic velocity along the conduit 12 to a sparge pipe 14 through which it is introduced into the main volume 4 of liquid into the tank 2. As the liquid passes through the orifices of the sparge pipe 14 so it is again accelerated to a super-sonic velocity and another shockwave is created thereby causing the bubbles to reduce in size such that they readily dissolve in or are consumed by the main volume of liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for the rapid in-line mixing of an additive fluid with a primary fluid includes a conduit for passing therethrough in a direction of flow a primary fluid. A nozzle is positioned within the conduit and has an outlet. A pipe supplies an additive fluid to the nozzle, such that the additive fluid is injected through the outlet of the nozzle into the primary fluid. The nozzle has extending outwardly therefrom a member to cause the additive fluid to diffuse rapidly outwardly from the outlet in a generally radially oriented fluid current and thereby for mixing with the primary fluid within a zone occupying a limited length of the conduit, measured in the direction of flow from the outlet of the nozzle.

Abstract: A well deodorizing apparatus includes a checkvalve which provides unidirectional flow in a pump discharge pipe and a tap upstream from the checkvalve to divert a fraction of the pump discharge and direct it through a venturi orifice. The venturi effect atomizes the diverted water resulting in a pressure decrease in a mixing chamber. Ambient air is drawn into the mixing chamber and intermixed with the atomized water. The resultant mixture of air and water is directed back into the ground water reservoir thereby oxygenating the ground water and deodorizing the well.

Abstract: Apparatus for jet aeration of wastewater which may be readily retrieved for cleaning or other servicing and replaced in service. Methods of placing the aeration apparatus in service are also provided.

Abstract: A system for sealing a pool or spa fitting includes a wall having a frustoconical hole therethrough, the hole expanding towards the outer side of the wall. A conduit or inlet fitting is disposed in the hole and has an integrally formed enlarged end portion which abuts the inner surface of the wall. The fitting also has an externally threaded portion opposite the enlarged end, and a nut is threadably disposed on the fitting. A resilient, rubber seal such as a V-gasket or O-ring is disposed interjacent the fitting, the nut, and the surface of the hole. This construction ensures a positive seal of the spa or pool fluid system, while being of substantially simpler and less expensive construction than prior sealing systems.

Abstract: A vortex chamber aerator is provided with a split feed conduit whereby the liquid feed is introduced into the vortex chamber through two opposed passageways to provide more even distribution of the liquid currents within the vortex chamber. This results in reduced wear in the vortex chamber and more importantly presents a uniform discharge pattern of the liquid and entrained gas bubbles.

Abstract: A hand-held apparatus for spraying foam comprises (a) a manually-operated dispensing pump capable of receiving a foamable liquid from a suitable container and ejecting it into the atmosphere through an atomizing nozzle, thereby forming a spray from such liquid and projecting it outwardly from the nozzle in a predetermined spray pattern, and (b) foam-forming device including an air inlet and a screen retained in the path of the spray. The screen can be retained in a foam-forming position by suitable means such as a housing operatively associated with the dispensing pump. Substantially all the spray passes through the foam-forming device without contact except by the screen, thereby generating foam with little modification of the predetermined spray pattern.

Abstract: When treating water with ozone, chlorine or similar reagents, the problem arises of introducing the gas as inexpensively as possible at the extraction point which is frequently located in a considerable depth of water--typically 30 to 59 meters. It is proposed that the gas be introduced into a bubble column downflow reactor (7) in the region close to the surface by means of a mixer and the gas bubbles forming there be passed against buoyancy through the reactor to the lower end of the riser (3) of the pump arrangement, where it is intimately mixed with the fresh water drawn in. After passing through a gas separator (8) and a pump, a part of the heated water is recycled to the mixer (8).

Abstract: An aeration apparatus for waters consists of a float element and of at least one aerator unit supported thereby, with a motor-driven pump, with a mixing chamber downstream of the latter, with an air pipe connected to the mixing chamber and with at least one ejector leading out of the mixing chamber. To enable even large waters, such as, for example, marine bays or the like, to be adequately aerated for an acceptable outlay for apparatus, the float element which supports the aerator unit or the aerator units is a walk-on boat hull (1). The aerator units (2) are attached to the exterior wall (9) of the boat hull (1). At least one of the aerator units is constructed as an immersed aerator and can serve as a drive means for the boat hull (FIG. 1).

Abstract: An improved barrier oxidation ditch is provided which has an inclined duct for the induced flow, whereby energy in the dammed-up momentum is more efficiently released. This induced-flow duct is inclined at 30.degree. to 60.degree. to the horizontal, preferably 45.degree., and is disposed upstream of, downstream of, or alongside of the circular/aerator in the intake channel. The induced-flow duct is preferably rectangular in cross-section and may have its downstream wall formed by the barrier if it is downstream of the circulator/aerator. It is connected at its lower end to the discharge duct to initiate a combined-flow portion thereof. An in-channel clarifier, disposed in the discharge channel so that its upstream wall is the barrier and its solid bottom is the ceiling of the combined-flow portion of the discharge duct, provides prolonged bubble retention time at maximum hydraulic pressure, whereby the efficiency of oxygen transfer is increased.

Abstract: A liquid treatment plant employing a gas - liquid mass transfer process includes a circulating pump for a liquid within a tank, and an injector pump which operates to entrain air in the liquid delivered by the circulating pump prior to return of the liquid/air mixture to the tank by way of a mixing pipe and a deflector which disperses the mixture. The cross-section area of the injector pump outlet is between 1.05 and 1.4 times that of the injector pump nozzle, and the cross-sectional area of the mixing pipe is between 4 and 11 times that of the injector pump nozzle.

Abstract: A method and device for the in-line dispersion transfer of a gas flow into a liquid flow for dispersing and diffusing ambient air and/or other oxidant gas or gases into a filtrate or other liquid flow, such as water, and at super saturation achieving rates, to provide for oxidation and/or coagulation treatment of the contaminants or other undesirable materials in the liquid, for chemical free, water purification purposes, in which the device involved is free of moving parts and comprises a T-fitting body defining in-line liquid inflow and outflow ends and a mounting section intermediate such ends, with the fitting body mounting between its said ends thereof a standpipe at the mounting section of same with the standpipe being exposed to a source of the gas to be dispersed into the liquid flow, and with the fitting body and the standpipe comprising an assembly for dispersing the gas into the liquid flow including Venturi action means for dispersing or diffusing the gas in the liquid, induced by the kinetic ener

Abstract: The flotation apparatus has a vessel or container into which vortex or turbulence channels lead. These vortex channels supply the fiber suspension or stock to the vessel and are provided with at least one stepped enlargement. An air conduit supplying flotation air opens into the vortex channel. The vessel is substantially cylindrical about a vertical axis and is provided in its upper region with a central conduit or pipe for extracting the flotation foam. In the lower region of the vessel a conduit for extracting the recovered good stock is disposed tangentially.

Abstract: An injection and mixing device for the introduction of flocculant into aqueous material, such as sewage or sludge, prior to dewatering is disclosed. The device includes an angled housing and injection means for introducing the flocculant into the housing countercurrent to the incoming flow of aqueous material. The combination of the turbulence caused by the angled housing and the countercurrent injection evenly and rapidly disperses the flocculant within the aqueous material regardless of the material's solids content. A downstream sparger ring is also disclosed for use with high solids content material.

Abstract: A mixing-control apparatus for continuously moving mixed liquor having translational-flow momentum within an endless channel of a closed-circuit oxidation ditch, conserves at least of the portion of the momentum by enabling induced flow of the mixed liquor through adjustable openings in the barrier.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for flotation, wherein the mixture to be subjected to flotation is mixed with gas, preferably air, inside a flotation cell, in funnel-shaped nozzles in which a conical deflector is arranged in line with the axis of the propulsion jet.