Abstract: A process for the extraction of collagen from collagen-containing matter, wherein the process comprises; incubating the collagen-containing matter in an acidic solution to form an incubant, then diafiltrating the incubant to substantially purify solubilised collagen within the incubant, thereby forming a retentate, then separating the soluble and insoluble matter of the retentate to remove the remaining insoluble matter, wherein the soluble matter is a substantially pure collagen solution.

Abstract: An optical element formed of a plurality of materials includes a middle layer between a base material and a reflecting member so as to suppress stripping, cracking and the like of the optical surface due to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion among the component materials, in the case where a temperature difference in the service environment or a temperature difference between a manufacturing environment and the service environment is large.

Abstract: A method of forming a curved mirror for a heads-up display includes providing a mirror preform including a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first and second major surfaces. The minor preform has a central portion and a peripheral portion surrounding the central portion. The method includes disposing the minor preform on a mold having a concave surface facing the second major surface and within a housing that surrounds at least a portion of the minor surface, a space being defined between the concave surface and the second major surface with a perimeter of the space being bounded by the housing, the mold comprising a ditch-type vacuum line along a periphery of the concave surface underneath the peripheral portion. The method also includes providing vacuum pressure to the space via the ditch-type vacuum line to conform the mirror preform to the concave surface.

Abstract: A method of making a ?-SiAlON is described in involves mixing nanoparticles of AlN, Al2O3, and SiO2 with particles of Si3N4 and spark plasma sintering the mixture. The sintering may be at a temperature of 1450-1600° C. or about 1500° C. The particles of Si3N4 may be nanoparticles comprising amorphous Si3N4, or 25-55 ?m diameter microparticles comprising ?-Si3N4.

Abstract: An aerospace mirror having a reaction bonded (RB) silicon carbide (SiC) mirror substrate, and a SiC cladding on the RB SiC mirror substrate forming an optical surface on a front side of the aerospace mirror. A method for manufacturing an aerospace mirror comprising obtaining a green mirror preform comprising porous carbon, silicon carbide (SiC), or both, the green mirror preform defining a front side of the aerospace mirror and a back side of the aerospace mirror opposite the front side; removing material from the green mirror preform to form support ribs on the back side; infiltrating the green mirror preform with silicon to create a reaction bonded (RB) SiC mirror substrate from the green mirror preform; forming a mounting interface surface on the back side of the aerospace mirror from the RB SiC mirror substrate, and forming a reflector surface of the RB SiC mirror substrate on the front side of the aerospace mirror.

Abstract: Various embodiments disclosed relate to an optical window including an infrared light transmissive optical material. The optical material includes a first ceramic phase including a first ceramic material and a first dopant distributed therein. The optical material further includes a second ceramic phase homogenously intermixed with the first ceramic phase and comprising a second ceramic material and a second dopant distributed therein. The first dopant increases the refractive index of the first ceramic material and the second dopant decreases the refractive index of the second ceramic material. The first dopant and the second dopant are present in an amount such that a difference in a refractive index of the first ceramic phase and of the second ceramic phase is in a range of from about 0.001 to about 0.2.

Abstract: A support for optical elements is described. The support includes a base substrate with high specific stiffness and a finishing layer. The base substrate is a non-oxide ceramic material, preferably a carbide, such as boron carbide or silicon carbide. The finishing layer is preferably Ge or an alloy of Al and Si. The finishing layer is or is capable of being processed to provide a surface with low finish. Low finish is achieved by diamond turning or polishing the finishing material. The finishing layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion similar to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the base substrate. The optical element optionally includes a reflective stack on the finishing layer.

Abstract: Techniques for generating electronics components that operate free of unwanted distortions such as edge diffraction and unwanted phase jumps are described. A modified production master or a modified working stamp can be implemented to generate an electronic or optical component having structures that are positioned within a desired distance from a planar surface. A production master or a working stamp is modified in dependence upon a comparison of an identified distance for each respective structure to the planar surface and a desired distance. The modified production master or the modified working stamp generates the electronic or optical component by positioning the structures in accordance with the desired distance. By positioning the structures in accordance with the desired distance, electronic components generated using the modified production master or the modified working stamp minimize distortions, such as a phase jump between the structures.

Abstract: There is provided an edge-on x-ray detector configured for detecting incoming x-rays. The edge-on x-ray detector includes a plurality of adjacent x-ray sensors, and each x-ray sensor is oriented edge-on to incoming x-rays. The x-ray sensors are arranged side-by-side and/or lined up one after the other, and the interspacing between the x-ray sensors is at least partly filled with a gap filling material including a mixture or compound of resin and metal disulfide.

Abstract: A single-band upconversion luminescent material includes an amorphous ceramic host; and lanthanide ions doped into the ceramic host.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an inorganic material comprising particles of three-dimensional ordered macroporous structure comprising spherical pores, said pores having an average pore diameter ranging from 50 nm to 10 ?m, the pore diameter varying by no greater than 20%, the surface of said pores being coated by an absorber agent of the visible wavelength spectrum, said particles having an average largest dimension ranging from 1 to 50 ?m, and wherein said particles are coated with at least a hydrophobic component. The invention further relates to a process for preparing said inorganic material.

Abstract: Surfaces having structured optical appearances are disclosed. The surface can include substrate, a first optical coating disposed on the substrate having a first refractive index; and a second optical coating disposed on the first optical coating having a second refractive index. The first refractive index is different than the second refractive index. Other surfaces can include a substrate having a visible surface, wherein the visible surface comprises a plurality of structural features, wherein each of the structural features is configured to transmit a light wave that optically interacts with waves of light of other structural features to create a visual appearance. Still other surfaces can include a substrate and an optical coating disposed on the substrate. The optical coating comprising particles in an ordered array within a matrix, wherein the matrix has a first refractive index and the particles have a second refractive index.

Abstract: Low scatter water clear zinc sulfide with reduced metal contamination is prepared by cleaning an inert foil with an acid cleaning method and also cleaning zinc sulfide to reduce metal contamination. The zinc sulfide is wrapped in the inert foil and then treated by a HIP process to provide a water-clear zinc sulfide. The low scatter water-clear zinc sulfide may be used in articles such as windows and domes.

Abstract: Provides is low scattering silica glass suitable as a material of an optical communication fiber. Silica glass has a fictive temperature of at least 1,000° C. and a void radius of at most 0.240 nm, as measured by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. A method for heat-treating silica glass is also provided, which comprises holding silica glass to be heat-treated in an atmosphere at a temperature of at least 1,200° C. and at most 2,000° C. under a pressure of at least 30 MPa, and cooling the silica glass at an average temperature-decreasing rate of at least 40° C./min during cooling within a temperature range of from 1,200° C. to 900° C. A method for heat-treating silica glass also comprises holding silica glass to be heat-treated in an atmosphere at a temperature of at least 1,200° C. and at most 2,000° C. under a pressure of at least 140 MPa, and cooling the silica glass in an atmosphere under a pressure of at least 140 MPa during cooling within a temperature range of from 1,200° C. to 900° C.

Abstract: A high pressure resistant flotation sphere includes a brittle fracture material macro-sphere of high elastic modulus and a shell of a low shear strength elastomeric material surrounding the macro-sphere. A high pressure resistant flotation material may be made of a plurality of macro-spheres embedded in syntactic foam or other matrix material, with each macro-sphere being encased in a shell of a low shear strength material that isolates each macro-sphere hydrostatically from the surrounding matrix.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a template forming method is provided. In the template forming method, a template pattern is formed on a first surface of a substrate. A high liquid repellent property portion is formed in a region different from the template pattern on a side of the first surface of the substrate. The high liquid repellent property portion has a higher contacting angle with respect to a resist than a portion without the high liquid repellent property portion formed therein.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a laminated object, includes a powder layer forming unit for forming a powder layer of a powdery material, a material supply unit for feeding the powdery material to the powder layer forming unit; and a solidified layer forming unit for forming a solidified layer by irradiating a light beam on a specified portion of the powder layer and sintering or melting the specified portion of the powder layer. The apparatus is configured to produce an integrally laminated three-dimensional object by repeating formation of the powder layer and formation of the solidified layer. The material supply unit includes a cartridge unit charged with the powdery material, the cartridge unit being configured to allow the powdery material to drop downwards.

Abstract: A handle substrate is composed of a translucent alumina sintered body containing a sintering aid including at least magnesium. A concentration of magnesium at a bonding face of the handle substrate to a donor substrate is half or less of an average concentration of magnesium of the handle substrate.

Abstract: A method of making high purity crystalline AlON bodies by synthesizing and calcining AlON powders having less than 80 ppm Si, Mg, Ca, Na, and K impurities. The AlON powders are milled to reduce the particle size of the AlON powders using a high purity milling media. An AlON body is formed from the milled AlON powders. Such AlON bodies are particularly suitable for semiconductor process chamber components.

Abstract: Provided is a light transmitting metal oxide sintered body manufacturing method for obtaining a light transmitting sintered body, the main component of which is metal oxide, by carrying out hot isostatic pressing at a HIP heat processing temperature (T) set in a temperature range of 1000-2000° C. The light transmitting metal oxide sintered body manufacturing method, by which light transmitting properties can be improved, is characterized by the following: in the temperature elevating step of the hot isostatic pressing, a temperature range (S) from room temperature to the HIP heat processing temperature (T) is divided into a plurality of stages; for each divided stage the temperature elevation rate is controlled; and the temperature elevation rate of a final stage (14) that includes at least the HIP heat processing temperature (T) is 10° C./h to 180° C./h.

Abstract: A method for producing infrared ZnS domes comprises forming green body by CIP and sintering by hot pressing. In the present invention, the pressure transfers through inert particles hence distributes uniformly while the shape of the dome is controlled by a lower punch head. The ZnS ceramic domes produced by the method of the present invention are of uniform infrared properties with high yield.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a barrel-integrated lens, in which a molded glass product is molded integrally with a barrel made of metal by means of a molten glass drop molding method, includes inserting an upper cylindrical die into a through opening from a side of a second cylindrical opening, and press molding the molten glass drop by a lower cylindrical die and the upper cylindrical die such that the molten glass drop is pressure welded to a connection opening.

Abstract: A high performance transparent polycrystalline ceramic material is provided. The transparent polycrystalline ceramic material has a nitrogen-containing isotropic lattice structure and having 80% optical transmission at a wavelength between 3.86 and 4.30 microns through said material at 11 mm of thickness.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride having enhanced transparency, and preparing polycrystalline aluminum oxynitride by sintering a powder mixture of Al2O3 and AlN under atmospheric pressure, wherein the content of AlN is set to 17 to 26 mol %, a first sintering is performed at 1,575° C. to 1,675° C. so as to enable raw-material powders to have a relative density of 95% or higher, and a second sintering is performed so as to enable the raw-material powders to have a higher relative density.

Abstract: A wavelength conversion structure comprises a sintered body comprising a mixture of a wavelength conversion material and a glass composition, wherein the wavelength conversion material comprises a phosphor and the glass composition comprises ZnO—BaO—SiO2—B2O3.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to use of a particle accelerator beam to form thin layers of material from a bulk substrate. In particular embodiments, a bulk substrate (e.g. donor substrate) having a top surface is exposed to a beam of accelerated particles. In certain embodiments, this bulk substrate may comprise a core of crystalline sapphire (Al2O3) material. Then, a thin layer of the material is separated from the bulk substrate by performing a controlled cleaving process along a cleave region formed by particles implanted from the beam. Embodiments may find particular use as hard, scratch-resistant covers for personal electric device displays such as mobile phones or tablets, or as optical surfaces for fingerprint, eye, or other biometric scanning.

Abstract: A method for producing transparent ceramic objects having an RIT>10% in the wave length range of 300 nm to 4000 nm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. Said method consists of the following steps: producing a slip by dispersing a ceramic powder, the particle size of which is d50<5 ?m, preferably between 5 nm and 500 nm; producing a granular material, the particle size of which is d50<1 mm, preferably between 50 ?m and 500 ?m, more preferably between 80 ?m and 300 ?m, from the slip by means of fluidised bed granulation; pressing the granular material in a simple, non-cyclical manner to form a green body; sintering the green body to form a sintered body; and re-densifying the sintered body.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for applying a mid-IR graded microstructure to the end of an As2S3 optical fiber are presented herein. The method and apparatus transfer a microstructure from a negative imprint on a nickel shim to an As2S3 fiber tip with minimal shape distortion and minimal damage-threshold impact resulting in large gains in anti-reflective properties.

Abstract: A ceramic conversion element having a multiplicity of columnar regions arranged within a ceramic or vitreous matrix, wherein the columnar regions have a preferential direction which makes an angle of at most 45° with a normal to the main surface of the conversion element, at least either the columnar regions or the matrix convert electromagnetic radiation of a first wavelength range into electromagnetic radiation of a second wavelength range different from the first wavelength range and, the columnar regions are formed by wavelength-converting monocrystalline or ceramic fibers and/or monocrystalline or ceramic platelets, said fibers and/or said platelets are provided with a reflective coating.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light weight optical mirror or a monolithic mirror comprising at least one cooling channel, the method comprising forming a mirror body by iteratively depositing a metallic powder in layers and applying, for each of the layers, heat at least in a subarea of this layer, thereby fusing or sintering the powder in this subarea and bonding it to a previously deposited layer, the powder remaining in an unfused state in at least one region, the method further comprising forming at least one cavity within the carrier by removing the unfused powder from said region and producing a mirror surface at a closed surface of the mirror body. The invention further relates to an optical mirror and to an optical device.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element includes a diffractive surface. Raised portions and recessed portions are alternately arranged on the diffractive surface. A shape of the valley bottoms of the recessed portions varies according to regions of the diffractive surface.

Abstract: An optical component of the present invention is composed of a ZnSe polycrystal body, and the ZnSe polycrystal body is constituted by crystal grains with an average grain size larger than or equal to 50 ?m and smaller than or equal to 1 mm and has a relative density higher than or equal to 99%.

Abstract: A method and system for generating an optical fiber is provided. The method includes creating a green fiber consisting primarily of a ceramic material and sintering the green fiber with a laser by moving the green fiber through a beam of the laser to increase the density of the fiber after sintering. The system for creating a continuous optical fiber includes an extruder, a processing chamber and a laser. The extruder is configured to extrude a ceramic slurry as a green fiber. The processing chamber is configured to receive and process the green fiber. And, the laser is configured to direct a laser spot on the green fiber exiting the processing chamber to sinter the green fiber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a luminescent converter (101) that may for example be used as a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) in a solar power generator (100). The luminescent converter (101) comprises magic-sized clusters (110), MSCs, of a luminescent material. Preferably, said luminescent material comprises a compound of two elements from groups IV and VI, for example PbSe. The MSCs (110) may be embedded in a transparent light guiding element (120) or be embedded in a thin film on a surface thereof.

Abstract: Fluffy powders, such as calcined kaolin clays or air floated clays, can be compacted using a process which comprises applying increasing amounts of pressure to a powder moving through a confinement area. The compacted product has an improved bulk density and improved wet out and slurry incorporation times as compared to the non-compacted starting material feed.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical element having a three-dimensional structural part that can resolve problems associated with deterioration of optical characteristics that is caused by variations in the element shape in the conventional process and poor endurance caused by insufficient joining strength and the optical element produced by the method are provided. A method for producing an optical element configured by joining at least a first optical member and a second optical member formed from an oxide material includes the processes of forming a refractive index periodic structural part with a period equal to or less than a visible light wavelength on at least one of the first optical member and the second optical member, forming a joining layer composed of an oxygen-deficient oxide on the first optical member and the second optical member, tightly joining the first optical member and the second optical member by the joining layer, and oxidizing the joining layer after the tight joining.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element (1) composed of a ceramic, in which the optical characteristics are enhanced by enhancing the machining precision, is composed of an infrared-transmissive ceramic, and prominent portions (11) and groove portions (12) are repeatedly formed on a surface of the diffractive optical element (1). The average value of the surface roughness Ra within an optical effective area (10) of the surface of the diffractive optical element is 0.05 ?m or less, and the difference in the surface roughness Ra within the optical effective area (10) of the surface is 0.02 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided is a production method of a ?-sialon phosphor that europium ions are solid-solved in ?-sialon, including a mixing process for mixing raw materials of the ?-sialon phosphor; a burning process for burning the raw materials after the mixing process to form the ?-sialon phosphor; a HIP treatment process in which the ?-sialon phosphor after the burning process is subjected to a HIP treatment; an annealing process in which the ?-sialon phosphor after the HIP treatment process is subjected to an annealing treatment; and an acid treatment process in which the ?-sialon phosphor after the annealing process is subjected to an acid treatment. According to the production method of a ?-sialon phosphor, a ?-sialon phosphor excellent in luminescence intensity is obtained.

Abstract: In accordance with the present embodiment, a method for making an optical ceramic comprises depositing a plurality of thin layers of powder. The powder comprises a first optical material powder having a first dopant level, and a second optical material powder. The first and second optical material powders are deposited for each layer based on the first dopant level and according to data associated with a three-dimensional (3D) compositional profile design of an optical ceramic. The method further comprises binding the first and second optical material powders of each thin layer to each other and each thin layer with an adjacent layer such that a green state optical ceramic is produced based on the 3D compositional profile design. The method further comprises densifying the green state optical ceramic to obtain the optical ceramic.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical component that is provided with an optical element, and an optical element holding component that holds an outer circumferential portion of the optical element includes: placing the optical element on an interior side of a metal die that molds the optical element holding component, and in which an incident side protective component that protects an optical surface on an incident side of the optical element is placed against this optical surface on the incident side, and placing an emission side protective component that protects an optical surface on an emission side of the optical element against this optical surface on the emission side; and filling the interior of the metal die with a molten metal material so that the optical element holding component which is formed from an amorphous alloy is injection molded integrally with the optical element.

Abstract: The method of the present invention includes: an exposing process in which an inorganic resist layer 101 formed on a substrate 100 is irradiated with recording laser light modulated by an information signal corresponding to an information signal of an information concave and convex pattern formed on an optical disc to form an exposed pattern corresponding to the information concave and convex pattern on the optical disc, and after the above process a development process in which development processing is performed on the inorganic resist layer to form a concave and convex pattern corresponding to the information concave and convex pattern of the inorganic resist layer; in the above exposing process, after a trial exposure is performed on a non-recording area of the above resist layer, the exposed portion is irradiated with evaluation laser light and a recording signal characteristic of the above resist layer is evaluated from the reflected light to determine based on the evaluation result an optimum focus pos

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a luminescence conversion element (4), in particular for an optoelectronic component. In the method a raw material (1) is provided, which is intended for further processing to yield the ceramic material and which contains luminescent material particles and a binder material. A blank is molded by injecting the raw material (1) into a closed mold (3). The blank is released from the mold (3). The binder material is removed from the blank. The blank is sintered to yield the luminescence conversion element (4), wherein the luminescent material particles are bonded together and/or with further particles of the raw material to yield the ceramic material. A luminescence conversion element and an optoelectronic component are additionally provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical hybrid lens. According to the invention, the lens consists of a substrate (1) that consists of a ceramic having a predetermined shape and at least another material (2), which covers a surface of the substrate (1) at least in certain sections in order to form a lens surface. Use of an optical ceramic as a material enables an additional degree of freedom for adjusting the imaging properties of the hybrid lens. The optical ceramic may have a high refractive index and a low dispersion. The other material can be a material that can be deformed or recast at temperatures that are low in comparison to those of the optical ceramic. In particular the other material can be a low-TG glass or a polymer. The other material is directly applied onto the substrate without a further surface finishing being necessarily required. Other aspects of the invention relate to an optical lens group, an optical image acquisition device, and a process for manufacturing a hybrid lens.

Abstract: Provided is an aspheric lens manufacturing method by which an aspheric lens having a desired shape can be manufactured with high accuracy regardless of the shape of a glass molding without reducing productivity. The aspheric lens manufacturing method for forming the aspheric lens by pressing and machining a glass material includes a pressing step for pressing the glass material to thereby form the aspheric surface, the flat surface of the peripheral portion of the aspheric surface, and the side surface continuous to the flat surface at the same time and form the glass molding, a mounting step for mounting the glass molding in a work holder which holds and positions the glass molding by being in contact with the flat surface and the side surface of the glass molding formed in the pressing step, and a machining step for machining an other surface of the glass molding mounted in the work holder in the mounting step to thereby form the other surface into a predetermined surface shape.

Abstract: A light extraction encapsulant sheet having a patterned encapsulant region is disclosed. A method of making that light extraction encapsulant sheet and of affixing that light extraction encapsulant sheet to a luminous stack surface of a multi-layer stack is also disclosed.

Abstract: To provide a wavelength conversion member having good surface accuracy and dimensional accuracy even when processed in various shapes, and a method for manufacturing the same. A method for manufacturing a wavelength conversion member, including the steps of: subjecting a preform made of a powder mixture containing a glass powder and an inorganic phosphor powder to heat treatment, thereby obtaining a sintered powder product; and re-press molding the sintered powder product with a die.

Abstract: The invention relates to a ceramic luminescent material for LEDs with reduced scattering made by a uniaxial hot-pressing step.

Abstract: A diffractive optical element (1) composed of a ceramic, in which the optical characteristics are enhanced by enhancing the machining precision, is composed of an infrared-transmissive ceramic, and prominent portions (11) and groove portions (12) are repeatedly formed on a surface of the diffractive optical element (1). The average value of the surface roughness Ra within an optical effective area (10) of the surface of the diffractive optical element is 0.05 ?m or less, and the difference in the surface roughness Ra within the optical effective area (10) of the surface is 0.02 ?m or less.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sintered product containing: in mass percent based on oxides, more than 99.5% of a material having a cubic crystallographic structure for more than 95% of the mass thereof, known as a material with a cubic structure, and having a refractive index of less than 2.75 in the wavelength range between 0.2 ?m and 5 ?m; and more than 50 ppma of dopants which must contain titanium oxide TiO2 and at least one additional dopant selected from ZrO2, CaO, and MgO, in which said at least one additional dopant is different from the oxide(s) forming the material with a cubic structure, but can be MgO when the material with a cubic structure is spinel MgAl2O4.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method for fabricating a translucent phosphor ceramic compact comprising: heating a precursor powder to at least about 1000° C. under a reducing atmosphere to provide a pre-conditioned powder, forming an intermediate compact comprising the pre-conditioned powder and a flux material, and heating the intermediate compact under a vacuum to a temperature of at least about 1400° C. In another embodiment, the compact may be a cerium doped translucent phosphor ceramic compact comprising yttrium, aluminum, oxygen, and cerium sources. Another embodiment may be a light emitting device having the phosphor translucent ceramic provided as described herein.