Abstract: A process for producing a detachable insulation for inaccessible hollow spaces on warm installations of pipelines, fittings, and containers includes the steps of surrounding the installation with a sheet metal jacket, supporting the sheet metal jacket at a spaced location from the installation in order to form a hollow space between the sheet metal jacket and the installation, filling the hollow space through an opening in the sheet metal jacket with free-flowing insulating material and a binder, curing the binder to form a rigid insulating shell, removing the sheet metal jacket, and cutting the insulating shell by appropriate axial and radial cuts to form individually removable insulation sections.

Abstract: Method and machine for pelleting dry pellets from the mass (11) containing thermo-hardening substances, particularly for use as fish feed, where the mass is first compressed and then heated to a thermo-hardening temperature and finally cooled. The bi-products from heating, such as fat, other liquids or gas, are drained off in or near the heating zone (6) and are brought in contact with and thereby returned to the thermo-hardened mass after this has been cooled.

Abstract: High purity fused silica particles are made by heating relatively low density silica flour in a high temperature flame. The silica flour feed rate, flame temperature, and collection zone temperature are adjusted to produce an aggregate of surface-bonded fused silica particles. The aggregate is shaped like a honeycomb and can be ground autogenously without introducing impurities into the final product.

Abstract: A platen assembly is provided for manufacturing flat-topped wave-board. The assembly can be mechanically converted between a planar configuration and a wave-like configuration to form a board with a flat-topped and bottomed profile.

Abstract: An apparatus for making more uniform the distribution in weight per unit area of a one layer or multi-layer mat for the manufacture of wooden chipboard, wooden fiberboard or like boards includes a reverse brushing unit extending over the width of the mat is associated with the mat carrier (1) which is fed by at least one scattering head. A distributor unit (4) disposed in the backward scattering path for the mat particles is inserted in front of this reverse brushing unit (3) in the direction of movement of the mat (2) for the variable deflection of the incident mat particles.

Abstract: Low density fibrous mats formed from fibres and thermosetting and thermoplastic binders, transformed by moulding at elevated temperatures are used for the production of mouldings. Such fibrous mats are produced in that a mixture of fibres and binders is spread out to form a fleece and the latter is compressed or compacted to a mat at high temperature. For the planned influencing of the characteristics of the moulding, while simultaneously reducing the binder requirement and the density, it is proposed that the fibrous mat or blanks thereof is passed through a pair of rollers with polished surfaces and by means of at least one roller binder is applied from the aqueous phase to the side of the fibrous mat facing the same under pressure action and that the fibrous mat is passed through the roller pair at a speed lower than the circumferential speed thereof and following onto the roller pair is passed through a drying zone.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of a stiff permeable sheet-like fibrous structure which includes forming a web with 20% to 60% single fibres having a high modulus of elasticity (as herein defined) and between 7 and 50 millimeters long, and 40% to 60% by weight of a wholly or substantially unconsolidated particulate plastics material, and then treating the web by heating to melt the plastics material and passing it between a pair of nip rollers so that the plastics material can flow and wet out the fibres, the nip between the rollers being set to a dimension less than the thickness of the unconsolidated web and greater than that of the web if it were to be fully consolidated, and allowing the web to expand and remain substantially permeable after passing through the rollers.

Abstract: A resistor including a matrix formed from flexible, insulating material, and metal particles distributed uniformly inside the matrix; which resistor is characterized by the fact that the particles are obtained from mechanical machining chips produced using tools including agglomerates of abrasive granules, and which are passed over the surface of the workpiece; and which particles are magnetized by passage of the aforementioned tool over the surface of the workpiece.

Abstract: An improved roll and method for mixing, shearing and pelletizing materials utilizing a pair of conical-shaped rollers positioned adjacent to one another with one of the rollers having a plurality of perforations in its narrow end and the other of the rollers, in one embodiment, heated, with material positioned in the nip at the wider end of the rollers moving during operation of the rollers to the narrow end where the material is forced through the perforations and cutt off inside the roller forming pellets.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming highly isotropic web products includes an elevator that adjustably positions a former head and an associated air and fiber supply with respect to a product condenser for varying the width and density of an isotropic web formed thereon. The process of the present invention includes selectively directing individual fibers into first and second vertical air curtains the first of which is intercepted by a backwardly inclined condenser for forming a first feed mat which is stripped to form the fiber supply for the second vertical air curtain and wherein the velocity and the height of the second vertical air curtain are controlled to control the density and width of a resultant isotropic web structure formed on a continuous belt type condenser.

Abstract: In the process for making gypsum fiberboard the boards are formed or molded rom a mash containing calcium sulfate dihydrate and fiberous material. By heating and subsequently cooling the boards the dihydrate is first converted into the hemihydrate and subsequently recrystallized again to the dihydrate. Known processes require day line setting times which are economically disadvantageous. According to the present invention these times are shortened by pulling or drawing water, an aqueous solution or a water containing mixture through the boards after the cooling step. Advantageously a setting accelerating agent can be dissolved in the water. By these features the setting time can be shortened to less than two hours. By addition of a binding agent, e.g. starch, to the fluid drawn through the boards the strength of the boards is increased.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a molded wooden product includes the steps of: preparing a ligneous molding material by adding a binder essentially consisting of a synthetic resin and the like to wood fibers; adjusting the weight of the molding material in a fibrous state or in a state of being aggregated into a predetermined configuration; directly supplying the molding material to a shaping mold; shaping the outer periphery of the molding material by moving the shaping mold toward the center in conformity with the final external shape of a molded product; and hot compression molding the molding material, thereby obtaining a molded wooden product of a predetermined configuration.

Abstract: In a method for preparing caseinates, including the introduction of casein, alkaline solutions or basic salts and water into an extruder, the constituents being thoroughly mixed together and then subjected to an increase in pressure and temperature under the influence of return elements, it is provided, to achieve a finished basic product while avoiding a separate comminuting stage following the extrusion process, that the pressure built-up under the influence of return elements or kneading units takes place directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the product be discharged freely through this end of the extruder. An apparatus is used to carry out the method, this apparatus being characterised in that the return elemnts or return kneading units are arranged directly in front of the discharge end of the extruder and the discharge end of the extruder is open essentially without any reduction in cross-section relative to the free cross-section of the extruder.

Abstract: Agglomeration of particles of a pulverulent water-soluble material is achieved by conveying a layer of the material on a porous surface towards which a laminar flow of heated humid air is directed. A reduced pressure is applied from beneath the porous surface for drawing the heated humid air to contact the conveyed material for a time sufficient for fusing particles of the material at micropores formed at points of contact between the surfaces of the particles.

Abstract: The production of mineral fiber felt into which an additional product is introduced. The felt is made partly of freshly formed fibers and partly of recycled fibers which are conveyed into a receiving chamber in which the felt is formed. The additional product is introduced with the recycled fibers. One advantageous application includes applying a surface active agent to the recycled edges to form a supporting material for hydroponic culture.

Abstract: A process for providing batches of a mouldable, fibre-reinforced thermoplastic material matched to a moulding to be produced and accompanied by heating, whereby a free-flowing initial product of fibers and thermoplastic material-containing binders is heated as a strand and a matched batch is separated from the strand and supplied to batch further processing.

Abstract: Degradable particulate absorbent materials, together with processes for manufacture thereof, wherein the absorbent materials: (i) have, in most forms of the invention, only on the order of 0% to 10%, by weight, of inorganic solids or "fillers", and in all forms have less than 30% inorganic solids by weight; (ii) are not in pellet form; (iii) are characterized by an open porous fiber structure having relatively low bulk densities on the order of not more than 13 lbs./ft..sup.3 and preferably only from about 6 to about 10 lbs./ft..sup.

Abstract: A roller press for compacting fine-grained chemicals, especially salts, into sheets, having synchronously driven rollers with two axially spaced pressing surfaces on ring elements being provided with radial shoulders at both of their ends. Screw feeders for feeding the salt into the roll nip and wedge-shaped wall elements closing-off the roll nip in the axial direction on both ends of said ring elements and bearing against the shoulders, are also provided. Adjustment rods acting parallel to the roll axis are provided for the outer wall elements and vertical rods between the inner wall elements acting onto these wall elements via wedge-shaped surfaces arranged on said rods and the walls of said wall elements facing each other. The ring elements are integral with the roller bodies or separate cylindrical rings shrink-fit onto the roller bodies. Each ring element is associated with at least two screw feeders.

Abstract: A process for the production of homogeneous flat articles of thermoplastic synthetic resins wherein a starting mixture based on thermoplastic synthetic resins is processed into agglomerate or granulated material by a thermal pretreatment above the softening temperature and subsequently, optionally after additional intermediate steps, is mechanically comminuted to a mixture of particles having a random grain size distribution. The mixture of particles is piled continuously onto a conveyor belt to form a uniform layer and is sintered, under the action of heat up to the plasticization of the thermoplastic synthetic resin, into a coherent flat articles and is then press-molded under the effect of pressure and heat.

Abstract: Microfiber microwebs are provided. The microfiber microwebs have relatively dense nuclei with individual fibers and/or fiber bundles protruding therefrom. The microfiber microwebs can be incorporated into nonwoven webs of blown microfibers, air-laid staple fibers, or wood pulp fibers as well as into shaped articles having porous covering materials. The microfiber microwebs are useful in sorbent, filtration, and thermal insulation materials. The microfiber microwebs are prepared by divellicating a microfiber web to form discrete particles of microfiber microwebs.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing molded members. Prior to dispersing the material for the molded members onto the molding belt, the edge zones of the molding belt are covered by protective belts that move along with the molding belt. This prevents the edge zones of the molding belt from getting very dirty.

Abstract: A gypsum-based pesticide product and method of manufacture of such product in which the product has a release time for the pesticide which is determined at least in part by its size and in which the gypsum is a solid formed by the bonding of plaster of Paris and water. The product, prior to formation of the solid, includes, by weight, no more than about 20% water, approximately 5% of pesticide, with the balance being plaster of Paris. The ingredients, prior to formation into a solid, are intimately mixed for a time period which is only a fraction of the setting time of the mixture with the amount of water being no greater than that required to completely set the plaster of Paris into gypsum.

Abstract: An electrically semi-conducting, strippable coating material for electric wires and cables is produced by intimately mixing a premix of a polyolefin with an unsaturated organic silane, a free-radical-forming organic compound and optionally plastics additives in a hot state, until the unsaturated organic silane has reacted significantly with the polyolefin and/or the copolymerizate of olefins, preferably for 1/2-30 min. at 180.degree.-230.degree. C., and subsequently admixing comminuted carbon while the mixture is still hot.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for fabricating mats of ceramic material comprising preparing a slurry of ceramic particles in a binder/solvent, charging the slurry into a vessel, forcing the slurry from the vessel into spinneret nozzles, discharging the slurry from the nozzles into the path of airjets to enhance the sinuous character of the slurry exudate and to dry it, collecting the filaments on a moving belt so that the filaments overlap each other thereby forming a mat, curing the binder therein, compressing and sintering the mat to form a sintered mat, and crushing the sintered mat to produce filament shaped fragments.

Abstract: For the continuous automated production of powders that are well suited for hot pressing--i.e. those consisting essentially of spherical or cubic particles, of high-temperature resistant polymers without damage to the polymer structure in the course of the production process, a concentrated solution of the polymer in an aprotic polar solvent is continuously expressed into a twisting cone of hot aqueous precipitant. In doing so, short irregular wormy formations form, which are united to a fleece-like web, washed with aqueous solvents and finally with water, dried and comminuted. The plant provided for carrying out the process requires comparatively little space, since it does not include treatment tanks for extraction and drying.

Abstract: A particulate mass that can be dusty but is generally sticky, due to the presence of water, is coverted to an apparently dry, non-dusty granular material by polymerizing a polymerizable material within the mass and breaking the mass down to the desired granular form after the polymerization has gone sufficiently far that the mass is substantially non-sticky but before the polymerization is completed.

Abstract: Preparing process for polyvinyl chloride material used for extrusion molding suitable to high speed extrusion includes a step of dry blending a blend prepared by blending polyvinyl chloride (polymer) compounded with plasticizers stabilizers and other auxiliary materials while controlling the temperature for the blend within a range from room temperature to 165.degree. C. and a step of kneading and pelletizing the blend after the dry blending step while controlling the temperature for the blend to lower than 165.degree. C. The polyvinyl chloride used is a suspension polymerizate capable of satisfying the condition that the retention ratio on 80 mesh screen (ASTM: E11-58T) is less than 1%.

Abstract: A non-toxic rubber-based composition for use in manufacturing toys which contains styrene butadiene rubber, naphthene oil, ester gum, calcium carbonate and a coloring agent, and a method for making same.

Abstract: A process for making compacted particulate polyolefin compositions is described. The process includes the steps of:(a) thoroughly mixing a molten blend of a polyolefin and a modifying agent;(b) cooling the blend to a temperature below the melting temperature of the polyolefin, while masticating the blend; and(c) continuing to masticate the blend and subsequently extruding the blend below its melting temperature to produce strands or pellets in crumble form.The modifying agent may be solid or liquid at S.T.P. and should be mobile at processing temperatures. Examples of modifying agents include polyalkylene glycols, polyisobutylene. A preferred polyolefin is polyethylene. It is preferable that the process take place in a twin-screw extruder.

Abstract: A granular stabilizer for chlorine-containing polymers, which is formed by granulating a hardly fusible or infusible powdery stabilizer for chlorine-containing polymers or a mixture of said powdery stabilizer with a powdery stabilizer aid through an organic solid binder or dispersion medium, wherein respective primary particles of said powdery stabilizer or said powdery mixture are surface-treated with the organic solid binder or dispersion medium in an amount of 2 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said powdery stabilizer or said powdery mixture, which is smaller than the critical liquid absorption of said powdery, and said primary particles are granulated into particles having an average particle size of 0.1 to 2 mm by fusion bonding of the surface treatment layers of the organic solid binder or dispersion medium.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of insect repelling/killing film. The process involves forming a clathrate compound of fenitrothion with cyclodextrin or a starch decomposition product containing cyclodextrin, at the same time granulating said clathrate compound into dry powder, melt-mixing said dry powder with a synthetic material, which is an olefin, soft vinyl chloride, or vinyl acetate plastic, in an amount of 0.1 to 50% (weight ratio), molding said mixture into pellets, and molding said pellets or a mixture of an appropriate amount of said pellets with a synthetic resin material in the form of film. .

Abstract: A method for forming a fiber web and fibrous web useful for compression molding stiff, board-like structural substrates for panels is formed of a thoroughly intermixed blend of wood fibers and synthetic plastic fibers with a dry, powdery, resinous molding material uniformly disbursed throughout the blend. The mass of intermixed fibers and resinous molding material is covered with a thin, randomly oriented, fibrous scrim material and the fibers are locked to each other and to the scrim mechanically by means of needling them together.

Abstract: An improved, continuous airlaying apparatus for making airlaid articles such as discrete absorbent fibrous cores for catamenial napkins and disposable diapers and the like having high structural integrity, and good edge definition. The articles are airlaid in discrete cavities as they pass through a deposition zone of the apparatus, and are compacted a predetermined amount prior to their being removed from their respective deposition cavities. An exemplary mechanism for effecting the compacting comprises a lugged cylinder having circumferentially spaced lugs which are configured and pitched to mesh in a quasi gear-like manner with the deposition cavities.

Abstract: Fiberboard shims are manufactured which contain blocked isocyanates. The blocked isocyanates are blended with the other shim components to ensure complete distribution of the isocyanate into the shim, thereby improving the strength characteristics of the shim while simultaneously simplifying the manufacturing procedure. Further, the need for hazardous solvent-based isocyanates in the workplace is eliminated.

Abstract: Cylindrical rods of titanium carbide or other refractory material with uniform, high density are prepared by hot pressing plates from powders of the material, with a uniaxial pressing pressure applied to the broad faces of the plate. Bars of square cross section are then cut from the plate and machined to cylindrical rods. The process is particularly suited to the preparation of refractory material preforms to be used in single crystal growth by the float zone method. Titanium carbide rods having a highly uniform density of about 96% that of the theoretical maximum can be readily prepared and then grown into titanium carbide crystals.

Abstract: A method of making activated carbon microspherules including kneading activated carbon particles of a size below 100 .mu.m, together with a dispersion of a water-insoluble synthetic resin to form an intimate mixture; pressing the mixture through a screen having holes related to the size of the desired microspherules; powdering the pressed material; and granulating and drying the resulting microspherules.

Abstract: A preform for being embedded in a matrix material for making a composite material is made essentially of many short fibers stuck together by a quantity of dried binder. This preform has a first portion in which the fiber volume proportion is relatively high, a second portion in which the fiber volume proportion is relatively low, and a third portion, joining between the first portion and the second portion, in which the fiber volume proportion changes substantially continuously from its portion adjoining to the first portion to its portion adjoining to the second portion. Thereby, the characteristics of the composite material, such as its strength, heat and wear resistance, and machinability and workability and characteristics with respect to wear on a mating member, alter smoothly from the first portion to the second portion without any severe discontinuity, thus ensuring that no points of weakness are caused.

Abstract: A process for producing cold-bonded or non-fired iron ore which introduced as a charge into a blast furnace. The iron ore, which contains 10 to 70% of particles having a diameter ranging from 1 to 10 mm, is molded into a block, preferably by a pressure-molding method, a shock-molding method or a packing-molding method with vibrations. The block is then cured or hardened. This hardened block is crushed to have a predetermined shape. An additive such as CaO, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, or MgO may be added to the iron ore to adjust the basicity as a whole to 0.8 to 2.0. Moreover, the molding step is conducted so that the product may have a void volume equal to or less than 25%.

Abstract: To produce granular, free-flowing detergents containing sodium metasilicate, pentasodium triphosphate or zeolite NaA or a triphosphate/zeolite mixture, at least two of the components are first agglomerated and mixed as a granular preagglomertate with other components present in powder form and compacted by means of rolls, the pressure limit beyond which no further compaction is obtained not being significantly exceeded. The compactate is then size-reduced to the desired particle size.

Abstract: Free-flowing, particulate foam inhibitor concentrates, which suffer no loss of activity in admixture with surfactants or strong alkalis, are prepared by compacting a mixture of from 1 to 20% by weight of the foam inhibitor with 80 to 99% by weight of a water-soluble salt or salt mixture optionally containing blending aids and having a pH value in the form of a 1% aqueous solution of from 6 to 9.5 under elevated pressure and subsequently size-reducing the compactate to an average particle size of from 0.1 to 2 mm. The presssure applied to the mixture should not significantly exceed the pressure limit at which no further compaction occurs. In addition, the particle porosity, as measured by mercury porosimetry, should be below 10%. The foam inhibitors used are preferably paraffin hydrocarbons, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof with finely-divided hydrophobic solids, particularly finely-divided silica.

Abstract: In a process for the production of smooth surfaced parts, a paste material, which includes paste or granule pieces which are coated with added pigment and then pressed back together, is applied, in the form of an extrusion or a coating, to a substrate. The extrusion or coating is subjected to a first, incomplete hardening, after which it is no longer flows freely under its own weight. The surface layer, containing added pigment, is then removed from a surface to be used. This surface is subsequently smoothed, and the hardening of the coating to form a hard material is completed. The smoothing and the completion of the hardening can occur in the same processing step as a shaping for the formation of separable shaped parts. The substrate can be inseparable from the hardened coating. The surface layer, containing added pigment, can be removed by mechanical means, solvents or abrasion by a suspension in liquid or air, if appropriate in the presence of ultrasound.

Abstract: A granular hydrated product consisting completely or partially of sodium triphosphate for use in detergent and cleaning compositions is made. To this end, pulverulent sodium triphosphate containing less than 22 wgt % water is compacted by initially mixing it with a quantity of water sufficient for hydrating at most 100% of the sodium triphosphate to the hexahydrate and then continuously admitting the resulting mixture to a zone inside which it is made into solid matter under pressure.

Abstract: Method for the production of building elements preferably brick facings by granulation of a mixture of 40-60% by weight of cement, 60-40% by weight of aggregate, 0.5-2% by weight of thickening agent such as carboxymethylcellulose and preferably coloring agent or one or more additives and water in an amount of 8-17% by weight based on the dry matter of the mixture, hot pressing the granules under a pressure of 50-100 kg/cm.sup.2 and at a temperature above 100.degree. C. to form single elements or a string, and cutting the string into single elements, and storing the elements in a humid atmosphere until a considerable setting of the cement has taken place. The method is considerably simpler and quicker than the known methods for the production of brick facings.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of soap and soap/synthetic detergent products from raw materials normally employed in the manufacture of such products including fatty acids, triglycerides and caustic by subjecting such raw materials to intensive countercurrent mixing whereby saponification takes place in a relatively short time, and whereby cooling and moisture removal of the soap mass is accomplished by making the mixing vessel substantially air tight and applying a vacuum to the soap mass within the vessel to yield a product, preferably in granular form, which requires no further drying for most uses. The resulting product can, if desired, can then be subjected to plodding, extrusion and stamping to form soap in bar form. The starting material can also be a mixture of such raw materials where neutralization has already proceed to some degree, preferably to the neat soap stage.

Abstract: Lightweight aggregate for use in the building industry is produced by pelletizing or granulating pulverized fuel ash or other siliceous material with a binder comprising lime in an amount less than 5% by weight based on the weight of the mixture of lime and siliceous material and curing the pellets or granules at a temperature within the range of from 35.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. in an atmosphere saturated with water vapor. The amount of lime added as binder is preferably within the range of from 1 to 4.5% by weight and curing temperature is preferably within the range of from 50.degree. to 85.degree. C. Preferably the pelletizing process is also carried out at an elevated temperature within the range of from 35.degree. C. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Coke for reactor graphite is produced continuously by coking a hard pitch with a softening point (K.-S.) above 130.degree. C. and a coking residue of at least 45% by weight in a rotary pipe furnace equipped with a moving device and subsequent calcination without intermediate cooling. The temperature of the inner wall of the indirectly heated furnace ranges from about 500.degree. to about 800.degree. C. The gases and vapors formed during the coking process are guided in countercurrent flow to the pitch.

Abstract: The present invention provides an improved apparatus for forming a fibrous web, and includes a fibrous supply mechanism for providing fibers of web material. The fibers are deposited onto a foraminous web forming layer which may optionally have a pocket recess formed therein. A foraminous spacing mechanism supports the web forming layer while allowing a substantially unrestricted gas flow from a region immediately adjacent to and downstream from the web forming layer. A gas flow regulating layer has a selected pattern of apertures therethrough, and is fixedly positioned in adjacent facing relation with the foraminous spacing means. The regulating layer provides a selected pattern of gas flow through the web forming layer. The regulating layer, the foraminous spacing mechanism and the gas flow regulating layer are constructed to form an installable and replaceable assembly, and a flow forcing mechanism provides a flow of gas through the web forming layer.

Abstract: A method of preparing a plurality of thermoset resin preforms by extruding a rod, cooling the rod to retain its dimensional uniformity and to reduce further curing of the resin, forming a plurality of grooves in the rod, and fracturing the rod at the grooves to yield the preforms.

Abstract: An N-acetyl-p-aminophenol composition capable of being directly formed into a tablet having high hardness, short disintegration time and short dissolution time is disclosed. The composition includes N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, a pharmaceutically acceptable pregelatinized starch, a pharmaceutically acceptable lubricant, water and optionally an auxiliary binder such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. Also disclosed is a method for preparing the composition which includes drying a fluidized bed of the composition in a fluid bed granulator-dryer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the individual marking of precooked anodes used in the production of aluminum by electrolysis in the Hall-Heroult process, and to the anodes produced thereby. These anodes are produced by hot compaction of a carbonaceous paste, and according to the invention, during or immediately after such compaction, a plurality of impressions is formed in the upper part of each anode. The impressions are depressions and/or relief portions, constitute a digital coding for the identification number of each anode, and remain legible until withdrawal of the components of the butt of the worn anode from the electrolysis tank. The marking can be carried out using a binary or ternary code, where the reference plane of the zone of the anode which carries the marking corresponds to a first digit, with other digits corresponding to depressions of a particular depth, depressions of a greater depth, or relief portions.