Abstract: Iron-containing refractory balls, in a retorting process for oil shale, permit effective magnetic separation of the balls from the spent shale. These ceramic balls can be made by a process such as admixing powdered alumina and water to form an extrudable mixture, extruding to form cylinders, reshaping cylinders into balls, overcoating with iron particles, further overcoating with alumina, and firing.

Abstract: Iron-containing refractory balls, in a retorting process for oil shale, permit effective magnetic separation of the balls from the spent shale. These ceramic balls can be made by a process such as admixing powdered alumina and water to form an extrudable mixture, extruding to form cylinders, reshaping cylinders into balls, overcoating with iron particles, further overcoating with alumina, and firing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a support for a ceramic porous barrier of the kind used for obtaining a concentration of uranium 235 in uranium hexafluoride by ultrafiltration. The support is formed by superposing a number of layers in the form of pastes, the particle size being homogeneous and constant in each layer and decreasing from the outer towards the inner layers. The pastes are prepared from powdered materials such as metals, oxides, silicates, borides, nitrides and halides to which mineral binders are added. The pastes are simultaneously extruded or co-extruded after which the resulting support is baked.

Abstract: A novel pulp is provided comprised of fibrils of a thermotropic liquid crystal polymer which comprises recurring units which contain a 2,6-dioxyanthraquinone moiety. Materials comprised of thermotropic liquid crystal polymers which contain such a moiety are readily broken up to form a pulp comprised of fibrils which can be incorporated into a variety of articles such as papers.

Abstract: A pasty mix of granular grits, binder and filler is pressed through a sieve web by rolling action to form cylindrical, worm-like extrusions. After hardening in a heating duct the extrusions are subjected to the same action and thereby granular grit particles are formed each of which contains several grits.The apparatus for carrying out the method includes a sieve web which co-operates with a rotor having several freely rotatable rollers around its periphery.

Abstract: Coating polyester films between the longitudinal and transverse drawing stages of the biaxial orientation process with a non-heat sealing primer coating which may be reclaimable.

Abstract: This invention pertains to a field of the art for producing crude oil from rice bran, and it relates to a pretreatment method for extracting crude oil from rice bran and an apparatus used therefor.The object of this invention is to obtain an extremely high-quality and light-colored crude oil from rice bran while eliminating any risk of environmental pollution in the pretreatment process for the extraction. In order to accomplish this object, as the pretreatment for extracting crude oil from rice bran, said rice bran is compressed in a screw extruder to break the cells in said rice bran and mold it into a form suited for the extraction of crude oil.

Abstract: A process for forming sintered porous polymeric articles by the steps of sintering preforms of polymeric particles with dielectric heat, or with dielectric heat in combination with conventional heating techniques. Sintered porous polymeric articles made of rubber-modified nitrile resins in accordance with the foregoing processes are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a liquid-absorbing material from fibrous waste sludge is disclosed comprising the steps of partially dewatering the waste sludge to yield a semi-dry fibrous mass, forming the fibrous mass into a pelletized configuration, and drying the pellets into a resultant pellet product having a bulk density not exceeding 400 kg/m.sup.3 and a water content of 0.5 through 10 percent by weight. Suitable dyes, odorants and/or biologically active compounds such as insecticides, fungicides, and bactericides may be added to the fibrous mass to adapt the resultant dried pellet product for use in particular absorption applications.

Abstract: Iron-containing refractory balls, in a retorting process for oil shale, permit effective magnetic separation of the balls from the spent shale. These ceramic balls can be made by a process such as admixing powdered alumina and water to form an extrudable mixture, extruding to form cylinders, reshaping cylinders into balls, overcoating with iron particles, further overcoating with alumina, and firing.

Abstract: An improved process is provided for rapidly dissolving water-soluble polymer gels in which the gels are subjected to the steps of extrusion, cutting of the extruded gels, forming a slurry of gel particles, subjecting the slurry to high shear forces, and finally mixing the resulting slurry and water to form a dilute aqueous solution of polymer. The improvement comprises cutting of the water-soluble polymer gel, prior to extrusion, into pieces of gel of a size which are small enough to fit into space defined between adjacent flights of the extruder at the feed inlet of the extruder. The process enables dilute aqueous solutions to be prepared on a batch or continuous basis with good reproducibility of polymer concentration in the solution being prepared.

Abstract: An improved method and machine for reclaiming in an on-line configuration both oriented and unoriented film produced on an extrusion line, in general, and an improved means within an on-line reclaim system for transferring both virgin resin and chopped reclaim to an in-line extruder, in particular, are disclosed.

Abstract: Polyolefin resin pellets of greater uniformity of shape and characterized by an almost complete absence of tails are obtained by the use in the pelletizing apparatus of dies which have been coated by a thin layer of finely divided solid lubricant such as molybdenum disulfide or, preferably, graphite applied to the interior surfaces of the die by cross bombardment with a stream or streams of finely divided solid lubricant under pressure.

Abstract: A normally amorphous condensation polymer is crystallized by foaming it with a chemical blowing agent at a temperature above the softening point of the polymer, extruding the molten polymer to form a solid foam and maintaining the foam at a temperature above the glass transition temperature until crystallization occurs. The crystallized polymer foam may be used as a structural foam. It can be used in solid state polymerization to obtain polymers of enhanced degree of polymerization.

Abstract: A process for producing transparent variegated soap bars, wherein soap scrap material resulting from the formation of the soap bars is reintroduced into the process by adding it into the final extrusion device, e.g., the plodder. An apparatus for carrying out this process is also described.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of extrudable polyimide granules comprising heating and compacting a powder containing polyimide particles to form a partially densified porous mass and crushing the mass to form granules which may be ram extruded to give uniform articles of high strength.

Abstract: A method of producing granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate, comprises the steps of forming thin columnar pellets of sodium dichloroisocyanurate from wet powdery solids thereof obtained in the manufacturing process, drying the pellets to remove free water therein, compacting, crushing and screening. According to this method, granular sodium dichloroisocyanurate in the form of anhydride, monohydrate or dihydrate may be obtained by controlling the temperature and the humidity of heating air used in the drying step.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for making decorative grass or grass-like product in the form of strips of plastic material of predetermined dimensional characteristics having color, anti-static agents and flame retardants incorporated therein prior to extrusion of the resin thereby preventing rub off of the color and minimizing clinging of grass to the hands and clothes of a decorator. One method and apparatus for making the grass includes an extruder for plastic material and including a film extrusion die or a strand extrusion die. When a film is extruded, the film is cooled and slit longitudinally into strips of predetermined width. In another method, the extruded strips or strands are cooled. In all methods, the plastic strips pass through a slow godet, a drawing oven and a high speed godet to enable the strips or strands to be drawn down in width and thickness without breaking. From the high speed godet, the strips or strands are chopped to a desired length and conveyed to a storage area.

Abstract: An apparatus for and method of severing a continuous flexible reinforced elastomeric conduit supported on a plurality of elongated rigid mandrels disposed in connected end-to-end relation is provided with the apparatus and method enabling cutting through the conduit at each end of each mandrel so that each mandrel has a length of conduit therearound which is approximately equal to the length of the mandrel.

Abstract: Polyarylene ester compositions comprising an intimate admixture of polyarylene ester and up to about 10 weight percent of an elastomeric ethylene 1-alkene copolymer. The compositions possess greatly improved impact resistance and reduced notch sensitivity in comparison with the polyarylene ester and exhibit improved melt flow with minimal loss in flame retardance, heat distortion resistance and tensile properties. The compositions are useful as molding powders and sheet extrusion compounds.

Abstract: Pancreatin pellets are produced by a process employing extrusion techniques. In the process, a mixture of pancreatin powder and selected solvent is formed into a pliable mass suitable for extrusion. The extrusion is conducted followed by a cutting, shaping or forming of the extruded mass into pre-pellet like forms. Further drying and mechanical working of the pre-pellet forms results in the final pancreatin pellet of improved pharmaceutical and mechanical stability. A special aspect of the process is the selection of a solvent for mixing with pancreatin powder that is harmless to enzymes. Such solvents typically include isopropanol and acetone.

Abstract: Tablets of sodium dichloroisocyanurate, produced with a specific moisture content, have flame resistance and thermal stability to avoid chain reaction thermal decomposition. Granular raw material for tabletting is prepared by forming columnar pellets of wet sodium dichloroisocyanurate obtained in the manufacturing process, drying the pellets to remove free water therein and to regulate the moisture content thereof to between 7 and 11%, compacting and crushing the pellets to obtain granules and then tabletting the granules under relatively low surface pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming pellets from wood particulate material: The apparatus comprises one or more parallel aligned, elongated dies formed by first and second aligned and mating continuous belts comprising a plurality of pads linked together. At least one of the belts has pads that contains a plurality of parallel longitudinal grooves in their free surface and the pads of the other belt are confrontingly aligned with the free surface of the pads of the first-mentioned continuous belt, to form the elongated dies. The wood particulate material, containing from 12 to 20% water, is cut, compacted, extruded and autogenously heated in the elongated dies by simultaneously rotating one of the belts counterclockwise and the other belt clockwise at respectively rotational speeds such that the linear speed of one of the belts is greater than the linear speed of the other.

Abstract: Powdered, heat-hardenable coating materials with high storage stability and a grain size smaller than 0.25 mm based upon hydroxy-group-containing polyesters with melting points between 40.degree. and 120.degree. C., blocked polyisocyanates and optionally catalysts, wherein the coating material contains polyisocyanates blocked with cyclic amidines of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R=equal or different substituents selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl-, cycloalkyl-, aralkyl-, and alkyl radicals. A method for the production of the above mentioned coating materials and a process for coating substrates with these materials is also disclosed.

Abstract: Insulating coating compositions for electrical wire are prepared by a method which includes a dehydration process to prevent any reaction from occurring between adsorbed moisture and the catalyst before the coating is electrostatically applied to the transformer wire.

Abstract: An extrusion press particularly for forming animal feed pellets is provided with means for detecting slip between the roll and the die and the operating conditions, e.g. feed of material to the nip, are varied when the slip exceeds a predetermined value or the rate of change of slip exceeds or corresponds to a predetermined value.

Abstract: A process for preparing electrostatographic toner particles having controlled particle size and size distribution is provided by forming a blend of a molten mass of polymer and a colorant, cooling and solidifying the blend in the form of a film or fiber thereof. The film or fiber is then passed through embossed or cutting rollers to enable fracture of the film or fiber into discrete particles having a size of between 1 micron and about 30 microns.

Abstract: A normally amorphous condensation polymer is crystallized by foaming it with a chemical blowing agent at a temperature above the softening point of the polymer, extruding the molten polymer to form a solid foam and maintaining the foam at a temperature above the glass transition temperature until crystallization occurs. The crystallized polymer foam may be used as a structural foam. It can be used in solid state polymerization to obtain polymers of enhanced degree of polymerization.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an extruded catalyst base or an extruded catalyst. The extrudate is dropped into the first end of a revolving drum having blades attached to its inner surface. The extrudate resting on the blades is lifted and then dropped upon a revolving impacting means which is rotated in the opposite direction than the drum. This produces extrudate particles of a suitable length for the following catalyst manufacturing steps.

Abstract: A process for pelletizing tree bark and other botanical material for use as an industrial fuel. A dryer burning fines from the final product is used to heat bark or other botanical material which is typically a waste product from lumbering or agricultural production. Once dried, the material is finely ground, preheated and forced through a pelletizing mill to create a pelletized product having a diameter of approximately 0.635 cm. The pellets are then cooled and leave the process. Several pelletizing mills are disclosed which are situated to trap the dried material against at least one die such that there will be a continuous, positive feed of material into the die. The resulting product may be substituted for coal as a heating source.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of man-made fish-gathering plates having specific gravity between about 1.2 to 1.8 comprising the steps of providing a charge of raw material consisting of subdivided composite plastic consisting of at least two types of thermofusible plastic material or at least one type of thermofusible plastic material and non-plastic material, forming a molten mass from said charge of raw material by mixing by an agitator said charge with particulate inorganic material so the molten mass contains 25 to 70 weight percent of thermofusible plastic material as a bonding agent, said inorganic material being preheated to a temperature suitable for melting the thermofusible plastic material as a bonding agent and said agitator being kept at substantially the same temperature, charging the molten mass into a mold in a press machine to form it into a shape conforming to the shape of the mold, and after cooling solidifying the resulting shaped article, removing it from the mold.

Abstract: A method for extrusion of a highly viscous thermosetting or a thermoplastic material comprising extrusion of said material in the presence of substances diminishing external friction of the melt, at a ratio between internal and external friction values of the material melt within the range of from 1.5 to 4.0; the thermosetting material melt viscosity being ranged from 50.times.10.sup.6 to 300.times.10.sup.6 poises, while the thermoplastic material melt index being varied from 0.01 to 0.1 g/10 min.The ratio between internal and external friction values of the material melt is maintained within the above-specified range by way of incorporation, into the starting thermosetting or thermoplastic material, of certain compounds. For thermosetting materials, use is made of, e.g. zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, and for thermoplastic materials barium sulphonate is used as such a compound.

Abstract: A continuous fibrillated structure, formed by the abrupt pressure release of a two-phase liquid mixture of polymer and solvent at elevated temperature and pressure so as to cause the instantaneous vaporization of the solvent, is shredded by a stream of fluid directed transversely against the continuous fibrillated structure at the moment of its formation.

Abstract: Polyvinylimidazoline flocculants are converted to an easily handled granular form by pelletizing with siliceous material and a lower alcohol, or mixture of lower alcohols with esters or ketones, and subsequently drying the pellets.

Abstract: A method for cleaning thermoplastic material especially for reclaiming thermoplastic material from scrap material which includes in addition to the thermoplastic material, materials having a higher melting point than the thermoplastic, such as metal, thermosetting material, etc. The scrap material which has been treated to remove large particles of metal and/or other hard materials is heated and extruded to thereby provide a confined pressurized stream of melted thermoplastic material containing therein small metallic or other unmelted particles. A portion of the stream of melted material is filtered to provide a filtrate composed of melted thermoplastic material containing therein unmelted materials having a size less than a preselected size.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for material processing, in particular for producing gas from carbon-containing material, are disclosed. Feed material comprising particulate material is continuously formed into briquettes and is simultaneously introduced into a processing compartment. The feed material is formed into briquettes by one or more pressure wheels forcing the material through channels in a die.

Abstract: A pellet cooling system including a novel coolant cage construction and operational manner so as to insure the cooling of warm thermoplastic pellets as they emerge from a die head and are cut by rotating knives is disclosed. After cooling, as by entrainment in coolant flows simultaneously directed peripherally about the cage sides and radially across the front face thereof, the pellets are immediately withdrawn from the cage. Additionally, a feature of the coolant cage is the provision of a novel slinger for distributing a coolant flow evenly over its front face.

Abstract: A granular sorbic acid having improved properties is prepared in a very simple manner without need of any particular preparation as in conventional methods, i.e. by granulating by extrusion, powder having particle sizes of ASTM No. 70 sieve pass in the presence of water or water containing a surfactant. The resulting granule has a suitable hardness and hence scarcely collapses at the time of drying after granulation and subsequent handling, but has a rapid dispersibility into foods at the time of its use.

Abstract: Fibrous products, including single fibers, yarn and fibrous webs, of improved fineness are produced from extruded sheet material extruding in the form of a sheet-like, multi-layer composite stream a plurality of extrudable materials, at least one of which is a synthetic thermoplastic fiber-forming polymer and another of which is removable by mechanical, chemical, or solvent action or a combination thereof, which layers extend generally parallel to the faces of said stream, with each such layer containing either said fiber-forming polymer or said removable extrudable material with the different layers being interspersed in said composite stream; solidifying this composite stream into a multilayer sheet, then splitting the resultant solid sheet to convert the same into a coarse fibrous product, and treating the thus produced fibrous product by mechanical, chemical, or solvent action or a combination thereof to at least partially remove the removable extrudable material and produce a fibrous product of increased

Abstract: A method is provided for converting waste paper materials into more useful forms for uses such as plant mulches, lightweight concrete aggregates, fertilizers, animal feeds, chemical food stock and other materials, fuels and uses such as recycling paper processes. Waste paper materials including corrugated box board, paper board, paper of all types, etc. is available as a raw material in a wide variety of forms such as sheets, bales, bundles, boxes, shavings, clippings from box making operations, magazines, newspapers, etc. and these products are much more useful for the purposes and uses mentioned after treatment and conversion into a more useful form. This conversion includes the steps of bale breaking, sorting, trimming and/or cutting these raw materials into pieces of relatively limited size for feeding across a cutter bar into a rotating knife cylinder wherein the raw materials are cut into small pieces.

Abstract: A method for removing unreacted monomer (or monomers) from an ethylene homopolymer or a copolymer of ethylene and at least one monomer copolymerizable with ethylene during the course of pelletization by use of an extruder, said polymer having been formed by high-pressure polymerization by use of a radiation or a radical initiator, discharged from the reactor by way of a separator, and fed to said extruder to be pelletized, which method comprises injecting into said extruder 0.1 to 10% by weight (based on said polymer) of water or steam intermixing the polymer and the water or steam in the mixing section of the extruder screw, and subjecting the resulting mix to a subatmospheric pressure of 500 mmHg (absolute) or less in the venting zone provided in the extruder. This method permits efficient removal of the unreacted ethylene or the unreacted ethylene and comonomer contained in a homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene.

Abstract: Cattle manure is mixed and batches are separately brought into the form of a coherent substantially homogeneous pulp with a moisture content between 50 and 55% by weight, by heating with exhaust gases, drying in an oven, admixing dry material, and spraying dry material with liquid manure recuperated from the waste materials. The pulp is chopped and immediately thereafter extruded to form frangible strands, sections of which are allowed to break off, without cutting, and to further break by dropping onto a conveyor. Breakage into pellets is completed, without the use of a conventional pelletizing drum involving compression of the pellets, in a vibrated fluidized bed where the pellets are superficially dried to a non-tacky state, drying being completed in further non-vibrated fluidized beds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for preparing fire retardant styrenic polymer molding compositions with improved impact strength which compositions contain a metal oxide and a halogenated fire retardant additive. The method comprises dispersing the metal oxide into a minor portion of the styrene polymer component using high intensity mixing and temperatures at or above the fusion temperature of the styrene polymer in order to obtain a uniform dispersion. The metal oxide-polystyrene dispersion is then blended with the other ingredients of the polyblend. The resulting blend is compounded at temperatures greater than 255.degree. C. and then comminuted to form a molding composition.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for preparing shear degradable particle-containing resin powders. This process comprises (a) preparing a first composition comprising shear degradable particles and molten resin in the absence of high shearing forces on the particles, (b) intimately blending the first composition with a second composition comprising molten resin and curing agent to form a shear degradable particle-containing molten resin mixture in the absence of high shearing forces on the shear degradable particles, (c) solidifying this shear degradable particle-containing molten resin mixture, and (d) grinding the solidified mixture to desired particle size. The particles may then be classified according to particle size.The final powder particles contain shear degradable particles or flakes in substantially undegraded form. The powder particles are especially useful in powder coating applications such as in automobile and appliance topcoats.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of thermosetting resin powder paints comprising the steps of extruding a melt of a resinous composition for a thermosetting powder paint, continuously cooling the composition and forming it into a sheet, and pulverizing the formed sheet. Air blasting nozzles are directed at the sheet while it is on the cooling rolls. The adherence between the sheet and the rolls is improved, and the air blasting nozzles provide an auxiliary means for cooling the sheet.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular sorbic acid by adding water and/or a lower alkyl alcohol to powdery sorbic acid, kneading the resulting mixture under specific conditions to give a uniformly wetted powder, supplying the wetted powder to a screw type extruding machine, extruding the wetted powder through a perforated-cylinder die under specific conditions to give a vermicelli-like extrudate, and drying the extrudate. The obtained granules have sufficient rigidity and can be easily powdered by a mechanical action. When starch is added together with water and/or a lower alkyl alcohol, more rigid granules, but able to be easily powdered by a mechanical action such as agitation, are obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular potassium sorbate by adding water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent to powdery potassium sorbate, kneading the resulting mixture under specific conditions to give a uniformly wetted powder, supplying the wetted powder to a screw type extruding machine, extruding the wetted powder through a perforated-cylinder die under specific conditions to give a vermicelli-like extrudate, and drying the extrudate.

Abstract: Polyester granule for melt-shaping which is composed of a difficultly crystallizable copolyester having the minimum time for half-crystallization of at least one minute, and has the surfaces resulting from cutting by a cutter, improvement in thatI. the polyester granule has an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.55 (as measured in o-chlorophenol at 35.degree. C.),ii. the polyester granule has in its surface portion an oriented portion having an N-value of at least 0.04, the N-value being calculated by the equation,N =n..multidot..lambda.dandIii. the inside of the polyester granule other than the said surface portion has an N-value of not higher than 0.02.Said polyester granule can be prepared by cutting a copolyester melt-extrudate having an intrinsic viscosity of at least 0.55 under the conditions as will control the surface temperature t (.degree. C) of the extrudate to satisfy the expressionTg + 30.degree. C. .gtoreq. t > Tg - 15.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of preparing an antibiotic composition which imparts stability to the antibiotic when used in an animal feed.

Abstract: The invention relates to sheet-like plastic packaging particles formed with a normally curved configuration having two spaced apart, curved coextensive surfaces, one of said surfaces being a substantially unfoamed skin and the remainder of said particle including the other surface being foamed, and to methods for producing packaging particles which comprise warped or distorted, foamed sheet particles suitable for use as packaging particles from an extrudable, expandable synthetic plastic material, such as, a polymerized vinyl aromatic monomer, e.g.