Abstract: A self-crimping multi-component polyester filament is provided and a process for producing the filament. In its simplest form, the filament is composed of two components each of which comprises a polyester of the same chemical composition and one of which contains a minor amount of a polyolefin admixed with the polyester. The filament is formed by co-extruding the components to form a conjugate filament that is attenuated in the molten state, solidified and then collected. Attenuation of the filament in the molten state imparts self-crimping properties and molecular orientation to the filament.

Abstract: Two molten streams of polyester polymer are extruded at different speeds to intersect below the spinneret. The spinning speed is relatively high, and the resulting filament has shrinkage peaks and valleys along its length. When a number of such filaments are relaxed in a yarn bundle, the yarn spontaneously develops crimp.

Abstract: A yarn having variable denier filaments with thick and thin regions is drawn at a draw ratio selected to break filaments in the thin regions. This may be done while false-twist texturing. The resulting broken ends protrude from the yarn, giving a spun-like yarn.

Abstract: A traveling yarn is introduced into a yarn treatment chamber, such as a texturing device, wherein essentially standard treatment temperatures are being employed, the yarn traveling at standard speeds and temperatures for the treatment process carried out in the treatment chamber. The yarn is caused to pass through, out of, and away from the yarn treatment chamber.This is accomplished by first capturing the traveling yarn and positioning the captured traveling yarn in front of the inlet orifice of the yarn treatment chamber at a tension of 0.025 gram/dtex to 0.35 gram/dtex. Then the captured traveling yarn is cut and simultaneously directed into and through the yarn treatment chamber by means of an external propelling fluid. Finally, the treated yarn is conveyed away from the yarn treatment chamber.

Abstract: A crimped, high wet modulus viscose rayon fiber having a multilobular, skin core cross-section wherein the core is surrounded by a discontinuous broken skin that imparts to fabrics an improved cover and hand properties. The fibers are formed from a modifier-free viscose. The elimination of the modifier reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates an environmental pollution problem created in the discharge of spinning baths containing modifiers.

Abstract: A method of making a thermoplastic dental impression tray which can be heated, placed into the patient's mouth where it can be intimately molded to approximate the patient's tissues and characterized in that the tray will maintain its molded structure to a high degree of accuracy. Methyl methacrylate monomer liquid and polymer powder are mixed together and the mixture is allowed to reach a doughy state. The mixture is placed into a mold conforming to the desired structure of the tray. The mold is then heated for a sufficient time under pressure to polymerize the monomer to provide a tray characterized in that when heated to above 135.degree. F. it wil become soft enough so that it can be placed into the patient's mouth for intimate molding therein and which will become so hard when cooled in the mouth that it will exhibit a recovery rate of less than 2% after removal from the mouth so that the precision of the impression is accurately maintained.

Abstract: A lofted mat of filaments is produced from process and apparatus including: supplying a plurality of streams of molten polymeric material; attenuating said streams of material into continous filaments through the action of a stream of fluid moving from an attenuation means; said filaments being entrained in said fluid moving from said attenuation means, said filaments having non-uniform residual stresses established therein; moving said stream of fluid and filaments along a first surface positioned intermediate said attenuation means and a foraminous surface; establishing a vacuum at said foraminous surface; directing said stream of fluid and filaments into said foraminous surface obliquely oriented with respect to said first surface such that a first portion of said fluid separates from the filaments and passes through said foraminous surface and a second portion of said fluid moves said filaments along the foraminous surface; collecting said filaments in a randomly dispersed, substantially uniform layer hav

Abstract: A textured continuous filament yarn combining a luxuriant, soft hand with improved moisture wicking for greater comfort in garments. Some filaments have a denier which varies at least 25% (preferably 300-500%), and other filaments have a spiral cross-section.

Abstract: Tows of highly entangled, continuous, eccentric bicomponent acrylic filaments in which the filaments have a density of about 1.0-1.17, an equilibrium crimp reversibility (ECR) of at least about 20% and a filament entanglement value greater than about 12 and less than about 60 are provided by drying previously undried tows of continuous acrylic filaments having an eccentric bicomponent structure in which a large difference exists between the hot water swellability of the components of the filaments, as indicated by their ECR, to a maximum moisture content of about 3% by weight of the filaments at a temperature below the hot-wet glass transition temperature of the fiber polymers.

Abstract: A yarn for producing fabrics with a wool-like hand, by combining textured filaments with longer filaments preferably of larger average denier. The longer filaments thus protrude in loops from the yarn bundle.

Abstract: A yarn for producing fabrics with a wool-like hand, by combining textured filaments with longer filaments preferably of larger average denier. The longer filaments thus protrude in loops from the yarn bundle, and have helical cross-sections.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a method of and apparatus for processing heat-softenable materials, such as glass, to form fibers or filaments from the streams of material and more particularly effecting successive distortions, oscillations or vibrations of the streams of glass by directing streams or jets of liquid for cooling or quenching the streams of glass at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for establishing successive kinks, bends or crimps in the attenuated fibers or filaments, and delivering or conveying by the quenching streams of liquid or other streams of liquid powdered or particulate materials or metals for combining with, coating or reacting with the glass of the streams at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for producing combined metal and glass fibers or filaments or coating the glass fibers or filaments with metals or other materials and utilizing electric current potential applied to the streams of liquid entraining metal or other particulate materials for establish

Abstract: A process for producing preoxidized fiber spun yarns is described comprising subjecting an acrylonitrile fiber tow to a preoxidation, applying a surface active agent, stretch cutting without crimping, crimping to form slivers, processing in a gilling step, and spinning; according to this process, short fibers and powders of fibers are formed to a lesser extent, and nebs, slubs and flies, etc. are caused to a lesser extent, and preoxidized fiber spun yarns having high quality are obtained in a high yield.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing self-crimpable monocomponent fibers by the sequential steps of melt-spinning a polymer of polyhexamethylene adipamide or polycaproamide into filaments, quenching the filaments by a cross-flow of air to an average surface temperature of about 40.degree. to 130.degree. C., applying an effective amount of water to the filaments while they are in said temperature range, and then drawing the filaments at a draw ratio of at least 1.3:1 to obtain a tenacity of at least 1.3 gpd, a break elongation of less than 120% and a latent, substantially helical, frequently reversing crimp of at least 6 filament crimp index. The novel products of the invention, which include fibers and yarns, in self-crimpable or crimped condition, are particularly suited for use in carpets.

Abstract: A self-crimping, melt-spun acrylonitrile polymer fiber comprising as the continuous fiber matrix a first polymer comprising from about 80 to about 99 weight percent acrylonitrile and from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of one or more monomers copolymerizable with acrylonitrile and heterogeneously dispersed within said fiber matrix a second polymer incompatible with said first polymer.

Abstract: A spinning assembly for use in a process for the production of sheath/core bicomponent fibers comprising a spinneret plate having at least one counter-bore terminating in an extrusion orifice, a distributor plate spaced apart from but facing the spinneret plate to provide a liquid channel therebetween for communication with a source of sheath-forming material, the distributor plate being provided with an aperture opposite each orifice in the spinneret plate for communication with a source of core-forming material and a plateau-like protrusion on the distributor plate extending about the axis common to the aperture and the extrusion orifice characterized in that there is provided an orifice plate for restricting the entrance to the counter-bore.

Abstract: An improved process for making point-bonded nonwoven fabric composed of crimped filaments is described. The process involves melt spinning a side-by-side bicomponent filament which develops crimp at precisely the right instant so as to provide a uniform, high quality nonwoven fabric having a soft hand and other desirable apparel qualities.

Abstract: A mixture of (1) a single phase melt of water and a first acrylonitrile polymer containing at least 85% acrylonitrile and (2) a pure melt of a second acrylonitrile polymer containing from about 60-72% acrylonitrile is extruded through the orifices of a spinneret directly into a steam-pressurized solidification zone to provide a biconstituent fiber which is stretched while within the solidification zone.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a method of and apparatus for processing heat-softenable materials, such as glass, to form fibers or filaments from the streams of material and more particularly effecting successive distortions, oscillations or vibrations of the streams of glass by directing streams or jets of liquid for cooling or quenching the streams of glass at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for establishing successive kinks, bends or crimps in the attenuated fibers or filaments, and delivering or conveying by the quenching streams of liquid or other streams of liquid powdered or particulate materials or metals for combining with, coating or reacting with the glass of the streams at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for producing combined metal and glass fibers or filaments or coating the glass fibers or filaments with metals or other materials and utilizing electric current potential applied to the streams of liquid entraining metal or other particulate materials for establish

Abstract: Heat-adhesive side-by-side type composite fibers consisting of a component composed mainly of a crystalline polypropylene and a component composed mainly of an olefin polymer, having few naturally developed crimps and few latent crimpability and superiority in undetachability of the composite components, are produced by using two composite components having a specified relationship of melt flow ratio and by stretching unstretched composite fibers at a specified temperature range.

Abstract: A multifilament thermoplastic yarn and process for the formation thereof which, when tufted or woven into a fabric, presents a grass-like appearance. The yarn is made by melt spinning and water quenching a melt-spinnable synthetic organic thermoplastic polymer, such as polypropylene, drawing the filaments, surface heating at least a portion of the thus drawn filaments, cooling the thus surface heated filaments and reheating the thus cooled filaments either before or after tufting, weaving or otherwise processing into a fabric to develop latent crimp in the yarn. Also disclosed is a carpet fabric employing the yarn and exhibiting grass-like appearance with exceptional cover and relatively soft hand.

Abstract: A regenerated cellulose fiber containing an alloying polymer of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, or a copolymer containing acrylic and methacrylic acid moieties or an alkali metal or ammonium salt thereof or other anionic alloying polymers or copolymer is prepared by a process wherein the alloying polymer is mixed with a viscose solution of known unreacted sodium hydroxide concentration, the sodium hydroxide concentration in the resulting mixture is increased to compensate for any loss in concentration due to neutralization and/or dilution effects by the addition of the alloying polymer to the viscose. Increasing the sodium hydroxide concentration greater than that required to restore the concentration to the original level has resulted in dramatic increases in absorbency.

Abstract: Acrylic yarns and fibers having a high shrinkage power, ranging up to 50%, obtained by wet spinning, a stretching of 1.3 to 3 .times. in air, washing, a stretching of 1 to 2.5 .times. into boiling water, drying, steaming at 105.degree.-150.degree. C., over-stretching of 1.2 to 2 .times. at 90.degree.-100.degree. C.

Abstract: A low density matting structure of improved transverse strength obtained by vertically laying continuous melt-spun thermoplastic macrofilaments (diameter=0.1-1.5 mm) onto a horizontally moving profiled support in overlapping rows of irregularly looped filaments to form a peak and valley three-dimensional structure undulating in its longitudinal and/or transverse directions. The matting articles consist essentially of the melt-spun filaments which are self-bonded or fused at random points of intersection without using any bonding agent or reinforcing inserts, and the resulting matting is especially distinguished by a high transverse strength per unit of surface weight of at least 2 Nm/g and preferably 4 Nm/g.

Abstract: The process of an apparatus for asymmetrically heat treating chemical yarns by applying different temperatures on either side of a plane passing through two generatrices of a peripheral surface of each orifice through which the yarns are extruded during production. One side of the plane is preferably at a temperature slightly higher than the melting point of the material and the other side of the plane is preferably at a temperature slightly lower than the decomposition point of the material.

Abstract: A crimped, high wet modulus viscose rayon fiber having a multilobular, skin core cross-section wherein the core is surrounded by a discontinuous broken skin that imparts to fabrics an improved cover and hand properties. The fibers are formed from a modifier-free viscose. The elimination of the modifier reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates an environmental pollution problem created in the discharge of spinning baths containing modifiers.

Abstract: A spin-texture process for producing crimped synthetic filaments is described in which freshly extruded filaments are passed over a 20.degree. C.-180.degree. C. roll before they are completely solidified and fully drawn as they leave the roll. In the case of polyamide filaments, spontaneous crimp as well as latent crimp is observed.

Abstract: Process and composition relating to novel, fine denier, homogeneous, curly synthetic fibers are set out. The process comprises orientation of a fiber-forming, slowly crystallizing, synthetic polymer composition in fiber form, generally after melt spinning, such orientation resulting from application of a longitudinal tensile force to said fiber above the crystallization temperature range and maintaining it at least through such range during a controlled, substantially axially symmetric cooling of the fiber. The novel fibers have a substantially axially symmetric, residual tensile force differential between their outer sheaths and inner portions, are generally of helical configuration and can exhibit more than about fifteen turns per linear centimeter.

Abstract: A melt spinning process for producing nominal 20 denier per filament polyamide yarn having a latent bulk of at least 18% is provided. The process employs polyhexamethylene adipamide modified to contain from 1 to 10 mole % of recurring units of the formula ##STR1## whereby wind-up speeds ranging from 1830 to 4570 meters per minute and higher are attainable. The resulting yarn has a usable bulk, when developed, for carpet yarn applications without further texturing of the yarn.

Abstract: The method of making a polyethylene terephthalate/polybutylene terephthalate bicomponent filament having improved bulking properties, wherein such a bicomponent filament is spun at a spinning speed in excess of about 3,600 meters per minute and is then passed through an isolated zone where the filament is cold drawn 5 to 100 percent prior to being wound onto a bobbin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a manual and portable device for crimping ferrules onto bundles of optical fibres comprising a number of fibres such that these fibres may be hexagonally arranged. The device primarily comprises means for holding the ferrule in the tool, crimping means essentially consisting of an element supporting three knurled rollers which is capable of being rotated whilst the three knurled rollers, at the same time as rotating, may be moved progressively nearer the axis of the bundle until their spacing corresponds to the minimum cross-section of the bundle. The device may also comprise a release mechanism enabling the approach movement of the knurled rollers to be stopped when this cross-section is reached.

Abstract: A method of forming an elastic cloth structure comprising fibers of synthetic, organic, relatively elastomeric polymer and fibers of a synthetic, organic, elongatable, but relatively nonelastic polymer. The relatively elastomeric fibers and the elongatable but relatively nonelastic fibers are forwarded for well dispersed random lay down of an unbonded web with random fiber crossings on a porous forming surface. Some of the fiber crossings are then bonded to provide a coherent bonded cloth web and the web is stretched to elongate some of the fibers in at least one direction. The web is then released so that retraction by the relatively elastomeric fibers provides looping and bunching of the elongated relatively nonelastic fibers to thereby provide a low modulus of elasticity in the direction in which the web was worked.

Abstract: A spin-texture process for producing polyamide yarns is described in which a freshly extruded yarn is passed between two pairs of rotating rolls and then collected. The second pair of rolls (draw rolls) is driven at a peripheral speed greater than that of the first pair of rolls (feed roll and its associated separator roll). The feed roll is maintained and a given temperature which is correlated with other processing conditions to impart a desired level of latent crimp to the yarn. Yarns prepared by the process have a potential bulk of between 10% and 50% and are particularly useful as carpet yarns.

Abstract: A porous non-woven fabric having a good dimensional stability and uniformity is prepared from a web obtained by arranging side-by-side composite fibers alone or a blend thereof with another fibrous material into a web and heat-treating the resulting web at a specified temperature, said composite fibers having few naturally developed crimps and being obtained by stretching unstretched side-by-side composite fibers consisting of a polypropylene component and an olefin polymer component having a specified melting point and a specified melt flow rate.

Abstract: Bicomponent filaments are produced by separately melting the polymers, and passing the sparingly cross-linked polybutylene terephthalate through a plurality of channels in a distribution plate in the form of a jet or stream, which is then introduced into a cavity between the distribution plate and the spinneret plate of the spinneret assembly. The molten polyethylene terephthalate is separately introduced into the cavity between these plates, wherein it surrounds and envelopes the jets of sparingly cross-linked polybutylene terephthalate. The jets of polybutylene terephthalate, and accompanying polyethylene terephthalate, then pass through bores in the spinneret plate, which are of larger diameter than the aforesaid channels, with each bore associated with a corresponding channel. The axis of each bore is displaced from the axis of the corresponding channel at least the distance equal to the differences between the radius of the bore and the radius of the channel.

Abstract: A textured melt-spun filament having alternate S-twisted and Z-twisted helical sections connected by twist reversal regions, the filament having a cross-section comprising a spiral wherein the outer portion of the spiral lies at the inside of the helical sections.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for treating tubular, plastics material net comprising transversely opening out a rope-oriented net, transversely corrugating the transversely opened-out net, and heat setting the net in its transversely opened-out and corrugated state. In addition, the product thereof, having a length less than 1/350th of the maximum axially-extended length of the net.

Abstract: A process for the production of crimped filaments of semi-crystalline polyolefins or blends of polyolefins with other materials by melt drawing at 100 meters per minute or less, rapidly and asymmetrically cooling at least a portion of the filaments, forming the filaments into a tow and subjecting the tow to a heat treatment without drawing at at least 100.degree. C. and thereafter drawing the filaments in two stages, the last of which is at a temperature of at least 70.degree. C. With the practice of the process of this invention, there is provided a useful crimp of at least two crimps per centimeter which develops after the filaments are relaxed and subjected to a further heat treatment which may be applied either to the filaments or to products produced therefrom when in a relaxed state subsequent to drawing.

Abstract: Bicomponent polyester fibers exhibiting a hand similar to wool, a crimp contraction less than 60%, and a crimp frequency of at least 7 half-waves per centimeter, and the process for producing the same, are disclosed.These crimped bicomponent fibers are useful in the textile field, particularly to at least partially replace the wool in polyester/wool blends.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a method of and apparatus for processing heat-softenable materials, such as glass, to form fibers or filaments from streams of the material and particularly a method of and apparatus for effecting successive distortions, oscillations or vibrations of streams of the material at the region of formation or attenuation of the streams to fibers or filaments, and cooling or quenching the streams at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for establishing successive kinks, bends or crimps in the attenuated fibers or filaments.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for forming a twisted or distorted filament are provided by flowing streams of molten material and moving a member located within the stream of molten material at the zone of attenuation sufficient to produce a textured filament.

Abstract: High strength, high modulus aromatic polyamide fibers are dyed by crimping the fibers while wet to at least 10 crimps per inch and maintaining at least 15% by weight moisture based on the dry fibers in the fibers at all times before dyeing.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for producing fibers from a heat-softening material in which the heat-softening material is heated to a viscous melt, and directly and continuously flowed out while its sectional shape being rendered substantially circular. High speed gas streams having a component in the tangential direction of the circular sectional surface of the melt and a component which approaches the central axial line of the melt towards the flowing direction of the melt and then departs from the central axial line are jetted out onto the melt that has been flowed out. The high speed gas streams cause the melt to rotate around its central axial line and transform it into a substantially conical shape whose cross section gradually decreases towards its flowing direction in a first zone. In a second zone subsequent to the first zone, the melt is caused to advance in the form of fiber from the tip of the cone in the flowing direction and outwardly in the radial direction.

Abstract: A crimp finished yarn wherein a mesh like structure consisting of a large number of thick filaments and a large number of thin filaments intersecting with the large number of thick filaments is formed by opening an elongated thermoplastic synthetic resin film by means of an opener, for example, by causing the film to pass between a pair of vertically disposed card clothing rollers and then this film is made to pass through a tooth-shaped roller forming a crimp applying device and a friction roller at room temperature whereby the molecular arrangement of the surface making slidable contact with the tooth-shaped roller is changed with the friction passing and compression process to form a different layer condition, and at the same time, crimps of saw-tooth condition are produced, whereby a mesh like crimped fiber structure formed by the large number of crimped thick filaments and crimped thin filaments is provided.

Abstract: A crimped, high-strength regenerated cellulose yarn of filaments having a broken skin-core cross-sectional structure of which the skin comprises at least about 20 up to about 40% of the cross-sectional area, the peripheral skin surface is substantially smooth and the core section is "blown-out;" and a method of preparing the yarn from a specified viscose and spinning bath wherein the formed yarn is highly stretched and then crimped in the relaxed state in a plasticizing medium.

Abstract: Integrated process for continuous spinning, drawing and texturizing of synthetic linear high molecular weight polyamide polymers, in which the following steps are effected in immediate succession:(a) melt-spinning filaments of said synthetic linear high polyamide polymers, preferably poly-.epsilon.-caprolactam, at temperatures of between 260.degree. and 295.degree. C and a spin-draw ratio of between 1:10 and 1:60,(b) drawing the spun filaments on at least two forwarding elements, of which the initial element has a surface temperature of between 50.degree. and 120.degree. C and the final element has a surface temperature of between 80.degree. and 350.degree.

Abstract: A bonded web of nonwoven fibers is stretched beyond its elastic limit in one direction sufficiently to permanently elongate those filaments or filament portions of the web extending generally in the direction of the applied tension. This results in a narrowing or necking down of the web in the cross direction and consequent shortening or lateral buckling of those filaments or filament portions extending generally transverse to the direction of applied tension. This imparts increased softness, flexibility and resilient stretchability to the fabric, in that transverse direction. The elongated filaments are then compacted longitudinally while the web is retained in its narrowed condition to impart increased softness, flexibility and resilient stretchability in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: High-shrinkage acrylonitrile polymer fibers that shrink with unusually high shrinkage force are prepared by a process in which as-spun, dry-spun filaments are extracted to remove solvent by passing the filaments continuously through aqueous baths at 63.degree. to 75.degree. C., drawn between 1.5X and 3.5X during passage through the baths, and cooled to a temperature below 50.degree. C. while free of tension. The filaments are further drawn 1.1X to 1.5X while passing continuously through at least one aqueous bath at 70.degree. to 80.degree. C. and are then dried at a temperature no higher than 60.degree. C. The filaments may be crimped at 55.degree. to 65.degree. C. in a stuffer box prior to drying. The filaments may be cut to staple fibers for use in pile fabrics; they are particularly useful in preparing artificial furs.

Abstract: The disclosure embraces a method of and apparatus for processing heat-softenable materials, such as glass, to form fibers or filaments from streams of the material and particularly a method of and apparatus for effecting successive distortions, oscillations or vibrations of streams of the material at the region of formation or attenuation of the streams to fibers or filaments, and cooling or quenching the streams at the region of formation of the fibers or filaments for establishing successive kinks, bends or crimps in the attenuated fibers or filaments.

Abstract: A crimped, high wet modulus viscose rayon fiber having a multilobular, skin core cross-section wherein the core is surrounded by a discontinuous broken skin that imparts to fabrics an improved cover and hand properties. The fibers are formed from a modifier-free viscose. The elimination of the modifier reduces manufacturing costs and eliminates an environmental pollution problem created in the discharge of spinning baths containing modifiers.