Abstract: Additives such as colourants may be incorporated into polymeric materials such as polyesters, such as in polyester fibre production, by use of a liquid formulation comprising colourant and a vehicle. The vehicle may comprise a functionalised pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane or trimellitate. The liquid formulation is suitably contacted with the polymeric material in a melt processing apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is a continuous production method of a polyamide with stabilized polymerization degree and good quality, particularly an aromatic-containing polyamide.

Abstract: Methods of preparing cellulose materials, which methods comprise (a) reacting a cellulosic material with a first basic component to form alkli cellulose; (b) reacting the alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide and a second basic component to form a cellulose xanthate solution; and (c) extruding the cellulose xanthate into an aqueous coagulation bath; wherein a reaction product of an epoxide of the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and an amine compound of the general formula (II): wherein R2 and R3 each independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of —CnH2n—O)m—H, alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and hydrogen, wherein n represents 2 or 3 and m represents a number of from about 1 to about 20; is present in at least one of the cellulose xanthate solution and the aqueous coagulation bath, are described.

Abstract: Thin, planar substrates are carried on a substrate carrier (20) through a polishing operation. The substrate carrier (20) is injection molded or modified-injection molded from a plastic material, and includes one or more receptacles for receiving the substrates to be carried through the polishing process. A drive force transmission arrangement is also included in the substrate carrier (20) through which the carrier may be driven in the polishing process. The substrate carrier (20) is relatively non-abrasive and composed of melt processable engineering polymers or blends. Non-abrasive fillers or reinforcing material may also be included in the plastic.

Abstract: High quality films, preimpregnated tape (prepegs) and composites have been fabricated from polyimide precursor “salt-like” solutions. These “salt-like” solutions have a low viscosity (5,000 to 10,000 cp) and a high solids content (50-65% by weight) and can be coated onto reinforcing fiber to produce prepegs with excellent tack and drape at 12-15% residual solvent (˜4-6% water from thermal imidization reaction). The processing of these types of prepegs significantly overcomes solvent removal problems and allows excellent fiber wet out. In addition, the physical characteristics of the polyimide precursor “salt-like” solutions permits processing into high-performance materials through the use of standard prepregging and composite fabrication equipment. The resultant composites are of high quality.

Abstract: A film for adhering to a molding paste composite during its manufacture, said film being formed from a blend of a film forming polyamide resin and at least one release agent material selected from the group consisting of N, N' ethylene bis amides of the formula R.sub.1 --CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --NH--CO--R.sub.2 wherein R.sub.1 is an aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of about 14 to about 42 carbon atoms, and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic hydrocarbon of about 14 to about 42 carbon atoms, wherein the release agent material is present in an amount such that after the paste composite is formed, substantially all of the film can be removed from the surface of the composite. Also described are processes for making sheet molding and thick molding composites using such films.

Abstract: A thermoplastic resin composition for profile extrusion, comprises: (A1) 50 to 99.5% by weight of a thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonate resin; (A2) 0 to 40% by weight of a thermoplastic resin other than the thermoplastic aromatic polycarbonate resin and an ethylene-based resin or a modified olefin-based resin; (B) 0.5 to 30% by weight of the ethylene-based resin or the modified olefin-based resin; and (C) 0 to 30% by weight of a filler.

Abstract: Extrusion theology of thermoplastic polymer as manifested by surface smoothness is improved by incorporating foam cell nucleating agents into the polymer and extruding the polymer under laminar flow to form unfoamed extrudate.

Abstract: A delustering composition for acetyl cellulose fibers is described which contains 15 to 85% by weight TiO.sub.2, 15 to 85% by weight paraffin oil and 0.5 to 10% by weight dispersing agent. Furthermore, a method for producing the delustering composition and also the use thereof for delustering acetyl cellulose fibers is described. Finally, the use of the delustered acetyl cellulose fibers in the production of cigarette filters and textile products is described.

Abstract: A process for the production readily slidable films which are stretched films. The process comprises (a) uniaxially stretching in a machine direction a pre-molded product comprising a composition of a styrene polymer having a high degree of syndiotactic configuration compounded with 0.001 to 1% by weight of inorganic filler particles with an average particle diameter of 0.01 to 3 .mu.m, or simultaneously, biaxially stretching the premolded product in the machine direction and the transverse direction and (b) subsequently uniaxially restretching the premolded product in the traverse direction or simultaneously, biaxially restretching the premolded product in the machine direction and the transverse to produce a film having a surface roughness Ra of 0.005 to 0.03 .mu.m, and a static friction coefficient .mu.s of 0.3 to 1.0. The readily slidable films have high heat resistance, mechanical strength and electrical insulating properties and are excellent in sliding properties and smoothness.

Abstract: A method for producing para-aramid pulp includes forming a liquid, actively-polymerizing solution and subjecting the solution to orienting flow which produces an optically anisotropic liquid solution with polymer chains oriented in the direction of the flow. When the solution has a viscosity sufficient to maintain the orientation of the polymer chains, the solution is incubated until it gels. The gel is cut transversely at intervals and para-aramid pulp is isolated from the gel. Para-aramid pulp produced by the process can be used similarly to pulp produced from spun fiber.

Abstract: A dispersion is provided for incorporation with a synthetic fiber-forming polymer. The dispersion comprises a polymer additive having an average diameter of up to 50 microns at a temperature of 25.degree. C., a carrier, and a thickener selected from the group consisting of dibenzylidene sorbitol and silica having an ultimate particle size of 7 to 14 nanometers.

Abstract: Polyester fibers containing an oxalate complex of the general formulaMe.sub.n [Z(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.m ]are obtained by transesterification of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol where, in addition to conventional transesterification catalysts, such as bivalent zinc, calcium, magnesium and manganese salts, salt formers are added which form a sparingly soluble salt or a complex with the cation of the transesterification catalyst. Preferably, used salt formers are: pelargonic acid, potassium hydrogen sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium hydrogen phthalate, potassium oxalate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen oxalate, and oxalic acid. In this way, the increase in pressure before the spinneret is considerably slowed down.

Abstract: Cross-linked polyethylene is continuously produced by injecting dicumyl peroxide (Dicup) into the polyethylene in the mixing barrel of the extruder. The Dicup injection nozzle extends into the flight of the screw of the extruder and the flight is interrupted, or notched, at this position. This enables the Dicup to be injected at a position about half way between the extruder barrel wall and the core of the screw and also avoids pulsed back-pressure on the feed pump for the Dicup. A closely controlled and constant ratio of cross-linking agent to raw polyethylene is obtained.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular potassium sorbate by adding water or a mixture of water and an organic solvent to powdery potassium sorbate, kneading the resulting mixture under specific conditions to give a uniformly wetted powder, supplying the wetted powder to a screw type extruding machine, extruding the wetted powder through a perforated-cylinder die under specific conditions to give a vermicelli-like extrudate, and drying the extrudate.

Abstract: A process for preparing granular sorbic acid by adding water and/or a lower alkyl alcohol to powdery sorbic acid, kneading the resulting mixture under specific conditions to give a uniformly wetted powder, supplying the wetted powder to a screw type extruding machine, extruding the wetted powder through a perforated-cylinder die under specific conditions to give a vermicelli-like extrudate, and drying the extrudate. The obtained granules have sufficient rigidity and can be easily powdered by a mechanical action. When starch is added together with water and/or a lower alkyl alcohol, more rigid granules, but able to be easily powdered by a mechanical action such as agitation, are obtained.

Abstract: Lubricants for the production of net-like products from nylon and polytetramethylene terephthalate are disclosed. The lubricants comprise polyolefin with a specific melt index, said polyolefins being homopolymers of olefins or copolymers of two or more olefins.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing polyvinyl alcohol fibers which comprises spinning an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol containing boric acid or a borate and from about 0.01-5 weight per cent based on said polyvinyl alcohol of an additive comprising an amino acid, an amine, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof or a derivative of pyridine into an alkaline coagulation bath, and subsequently treating the resultant spun fiber by roller drawing, neutralizing with acid, wet hot drawing, washing with water, drying and dry hot drawing.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of a foamed foil from a polymer based on an .alpha.,.beta.-monolefinically unsaturated monomer wherein 0.05 to 0.2 % by weight of a diamide obtained by reacting an aliphatic diamine and at least one aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least 4 carbon atoms is added to the solid or molten polymer in addition to the chemical blowing agent before or while the polymer is processed.

Abstract: Amine-ended poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) gives improved spinning results.