Abstract: There is provided a process for producing a resin molded article, which includes the steps of: (1) molding a thermoplastic resin to obtain a resin molded articles; and (2) flame-treating the surface of the resin molded article to obtain a flame-treated resin molded article; wherein the process does not comprise after the step (2) any further step of printing, adhesive-coating or painting the flame-treated surface of the flame-treated resin molded article obtained in the step (2).

Abstract: The present invention provides a system and method for delivering fluid. In one embodiment, the system and method include a container to hold the fluid, and a closed-end tube having a first end in communication with the container and a closed second end. The closed second end is contoured in a pattern to form a zone of weakness. The zone of weakness facilitates reduced force necessary for an access spike to puncture the closed second end.

Abstract: A hybrid material is provided which comprises a first single-walled nanotube having a lumen, and a fill molecule contained within the lumen of the single-walled nanotube. A method for producing the hybrid material is also provided wherein a single-walled nanotube is contacted with a fill molecule to cause the fill molecule to enter the lumen of the single-walled nanotube.

Abstract: A method of tempering composite fiber panels eliminates a need for a bake oven during the tempering step. Both the front and back surfaces of the panels are sprayed with a tempering oil including a mixture of a drying oil and a dryer or catalyst. The drying oil may include a linseed oil refined to minimize low molecular weight and a conjugated oil. Sometimes the drying oil is further mixed with either a conjugated oil, a catalyst, a low molecular weight isocyanate resin (Imw-MDI) or another additive. The sprayed panels are stacked preferably in face-to-face contact inside a curing chamber heated only by the residual heat in the hot panels. A number of additives to the tempering oil are considered. A number of different forms of commercial panels are considered, such as: hardboard, oriented strandboard, fiber board siding, wafer board, medium density fiber board, particle board, and other similar boards.

Abstract: A hybrid material is provided which comprises a first single-walled nanotube having a lumen, and a fill molecule contained within the lumen of the single-walled nanotube. A method for producing the hybrid material is also provided wherein a single-walled nanotube is contacted with a fill molecule to cause the fill molecule to enter the lumen of the single-walled nanotube.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a polyester film excellent in rigidity, toughness, dimensional stability, electric properties, etc. and less in thickness fluctuation and surface defects, hence very suitable as a film for various industrial materials such as magnetic recording media, capacitors, heat transfer ribbons and thermal mimeographic stencil paper. The first method of the present invention is a method for producing a polyester film, in which a film made of a resin mainly composed of a polyester is simultaneously biaxially stretched by a simultaneously biaxially stretching tenter oven, comprising the step of effecting small-ratio stretching at an area stretching ratio of 1.0005 to 3.

Abstract: The process is used for tempering preforms made of a thermoplastic material; the preforms are to be blow molded. The preforms are provided with a temperature profile along a circumference. The temperature profile is generated by differentially heating strip-shaped regions, which extend in the direction of a longitudinal axis of the preform. A step-by-step tempering for the purpose of temporally sequential thermal conditioning of different regions of the preform is carried out with movement phases and rest phases. A carrier device is rotated by the interactions of a gear and a matching gear for initiating rotational movements. The preform is moved, motionless with regard to the rotational direction, through the tempering zone at least along a portion of the transport path before the start of the engagement of the gear with the matching gear.

Abstract: A method for improving adhesion between two adjacent layers of a laminate membrane includes annealing the laminate membrane at a temperature between an alpha-transition temperature and a beta-transition temperature of at least one polymeric component of at least one of two adjacent layers for a time sufficient for the at least one polymeric component of at least one of the adjacent layers to partially diffuse into the other adjacent layer. A sealed, inflated bladder of the invention prepared from the laminate membrane can experience high strains without layer separation or peeling of the laminate layers, even at a seam.

Abstract: In the production of spiral-shaped heating elements, a device winds an oblong base material onto a mandrel while forming a spiral with the base material and equips the ends of the spiral with contacts for electrical connection. The device includes a feeding device for supplying the mandrel, onto whose casing surface the base material is wound in a spiral shape, with the oblong base material. In order to carry out a method for the production of a spiral-shaped heating element made of material containing carbon fibers, the method is as follows: utilize a base material that comprises carbon fibers which have been embedded into IBM a thermoplastic embedding compound, heat the base material to a temperature at which the embedding compound softens, wind the softened base material onto the mandrel while forming the spiral, and set the spiral shape by removing the embedding compound.

Abstract: A method of charging fibrous webs with nonaqueous polar liquids. A web 20 that contains nonconductive fibers is wetted with a nonaqueous polar liquid 14. The web 20 is then substantially dried 22 to provide a fibrous electret web. The fibrous electret web can be used as a filter in a filtration face mask 40 that is adapted to cover the nose and mouth of the wearer. The present method has the advantage over known charging methods in that the nonaqueous liquid requires less energy for drying than is required for aqueous liquids. Additionally, many filter webs can be directly wetted with nonaqueous liquids, which cannot be easily wetted with aqueous liquids.

Abstract: The present invention can provide particles for electro-rheological fluid for providing a high electro-rheological effect over a wide temperature range at low electric power consumption, and having high strength and excellent durability, not being susceptible to break-up due to the load of stress. Particles for an electro-rheological fluid of the present invention comprise spherical carbonaceous particles, obtained substantially from a solvent and a condensation product of a methylene type bond of aromatic sulfonic acid or a salt thereof.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing a molded crystalline resin article which enables a higher crystallization degree and to mass-produce the molded crystalline resin articles. The method comprises molding a molded resin article from a thermoplastic resin containing a crystalline resin followed by performing a heating process to obtain a molded crystalline resin article having a surface layer whose crystallization index is 0.9 or higher when determined by IR spectrometry. It is preferable that the temperature of the heating process is within the range of 20° C. lower than the crystallization temperature of the molded resin article to 30° C. higher than the crystalline temperature, and that the crystalline resin is a polypropylene resin.

Abstract: Graphite flake is annealed at a temperature of at least about 3000° C. prior to intercalation. This annealing process results in enhanced expansion of intercalated graphite flake and provides uniform expansion of intercalated graphite flake derived from variety of sources.

Abstract: Beads of melt-fabricable fluoropolymer dispersion particles are produced by a solvent-aided pelletization process using fluorinated solvent containing ether oxygen.

Abstract: A method of making a radially expandable device having a body constructed of a generally inelastic, expanded fluoropolymer material. The body is deployable upon application of a radial expansion force from a reduced diameter, collapsed configuration to an expanded configuration having a pre-defined and fixed increased diameter. The body has a singular, unitary construction of generally homogenous material that is characterized by a seamless construction of expanded fluoropolymer material, such as expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), and is preferably constructed through an extrusion and expansion process. The body is further characterized by a microstructure of nodes interconnected by fibrils in which substantially all the nodes of the body are oriented generally perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the body.

Abstract: An improved method of producing a fluid filled elastomeric bladder for occupant weight sensing involves annealing the bladder material prior to its installation in a vehicle seat so as to quickly relieve initial stress due to stretching of the bladder material which occurs during fluid injection. In a preferred implementation, the initial stress is relieved by immersing the fluid-filled bladders in heated water for a time period on the order of 60 seconds or more. Alternatively, the bladder material may be heated with steam or radiant heat, by injecting heated fluid into the bladder, or by injecting heated air into an empty bladder before fluid injection. In each case the initial stress is quickly relieved, substantially eliminating a potential source of error in the sensed weight.

Abstract: A method is provided for fabricating an implantable prosthesis for repairing a defect in a muscle and tissue wall, the prosthesis having a first surface which is convex and a second surface which is concave. The method includes steps of providing a first template having a predetermined concave shape; providing a second template having a predetermined convex shape; placing a piece of implantable flexible mesh between the first and second templates; heating the mesh to a predetermined temperature for a predetermined length of time so that the mesh retains the predetermined shape; and removing the mesh from between the first and second templates. In another aspect, a package is provided for storing a resilient, preformed implantable prosthesis having a first surface with a concave shape and a second surface with a convex shape.

Abstract: A method of biaxially stretching a polymeric film along an overbias stretch profile having the steps of (a) imparting a sufficiently high temperature to the film to allow a significant amount of biaxial stretch; and (b) biaxial tenter stretching the film to a final first direction stretch parameter and a final second direction stretch parameter, wherein at least 75% of the final first direction stretch parameter is attained before no more than 50% of the final second direction stretch parameter is attained, and wherein the final first direction stretch parameter is no greater than the final second direction stretch parameter.

Abstract: A method of thermally treating a preform element, of the kind having a facing table of polycrystalline diamond bonded to a substrate of cemented tungsten carbide, comprises the steps of:

Abstract: A method of producing three dimensional ordered arrays of particles. The method may be used for the preparation of nanocomposite materials with highly periodic structures. More particularly the invention provides a method of producing three dimensional arrays based on applying a controlled oscillatory motion to settling dispersions of colloid particles. The controlled oscillatory motion is characterized by G=A&ohgr;2/g, wherein g is the gravitational constant, A is the displacement and &ohgr; is angular frequency. G is maintained in the desired range by varying values of A within an effective range of displacements and &ugr; within an effective range of frequencies.

Abstract: Glass or glass ceramic plates with elevated thermal resistance and process for their production. After cooling, the glass or glass ceramic plates are subjected to zone annealing, whereby the plates are divided into two zones in which annealing is done at respectively different temperatures, and whereby the zones with the elevated temperature correspond, during annealing, to the sub-areas of the finished glass or glass ceramic plates in which compression stress builds up after uneven heating corresponding to the respective specific application of the glass or glass ceramic plates. The glass or glass ceramic plates that are obtained are thus characterized in that they are divided into two sub-areas, whereby one sub-area exhibits structural compression and the other sub-area exhibits compression stress. Glass or glass ceramic plates that are resistant to breakage that is caused by uneven heating result.

Abstract: Methods of thermal annealing of plastic pieces immediately after hot melt forming are disclosed to accelerate the time required to achieve dimensional stability. The present methods include the essential steps of: (A) forming molten plastic into molded plastic pieces and rapidly cooling to below the melting point of the plastic in a mold to form shaped cooled plastic pieces; (B) immediately thereafter, heating the plastic pieces to a temperature of about 150° to 170° F. (65.5° to 80° C.) to form heated plastic pieces; and, thereafter, (C) cooling the heated plastic pieces to room temperature to form thermally annealed plastic pieces. Tn its product aspect, the present invention resides in physically aged thermoplastic pieces having reduced rates of age shrinkage.

Abstract: A method of biaxially stretching a polymeric film according to an overbias or overstretch stretch profile to a final first direction stretch parameter and a final second direction stretch parameter to provide a film having uniform properties. First, a sufficiently high temperature is imparted to the film to allow a significant amount of biaxial stretch. The film is then biaxially tenter stretched to a peak first direction stretch parameter that is at least 1.3 times the final first direction stretch parameter wherein the final first direction stretch parameter is no larger than the final second direction stretch parameter. Finally, the film is retracted in the first direction from the peak first direction stretch parameter to the final first direction stretch parameter to produce a film having uniformity of properties in the first direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for melt extruding a film layer of a thermoplastic olefin which comprises extruding the film having physical characteristics under process conditions selected by reference to the Draw ratio Dr and the Aspect ratio A such that draw resonance is avoided in which in addition the process conditions are defined by reference to the Deborah number such that the molten polymer is extruded at a Draw ratio of at least 30 in a high elasticity region at a &lgr;c value of characteristic time as defined herein of from 0.001 to 0.6 s, a Deborah number as defined herein in excess of 0.005 and an A value as defined herein lower than 0.8. Narrower ranges of these parameters may be defined for application of the invention to different polymer types.

Abstract: A method for fabricating adherent, patterned carbon nanotube films is provided. According to the invention, a substrate is patterned with a carbide-forming material, a carbon-dissolving material, or a low melting point metal. Carbon nanotubes are then deposited onto the patterned substrate, but have relatively poor adhesion to either the substrate material or the patterned material. The substrate is then annealed, typically in vacuum, at a temperature dependent on the particular patterning material, e.g., a temperature at which carbide formation occurs, at which carbon dissolution occurs, or at which the low melting point metal melts. The annealing thereby provides an adherent nanotube film over the patterned areas, while the nanotubes deposited onto the non-patterned areas are easily removed, e.g., by blowing, rubbing, brushing and/or ultrasonication in a solvent such as methanol.

Abstract: A hydrostatic compression method for producing a fancy log with a decorative and complicated external appearance from a primary wood. In the method, a primary wood having a water content adjusted in the range of 10-80 wt % is brought into a softened state, then the softened wood is compressed with hydrostatic pressure by means of liquid as pressurizing medium. Next, the compressed wood is treated with a fixation means to fix the compressed state. The fixation means can be a shaping jig, a mold, heating in a particular temperature range conducted while constraining the volume relation of compressed wood, cooling down below the softening point of the wood while under pressure, compact-packing together with hard particles into a vessel followed by heating, or a primary wood is chemically treated to form a localized wood-plastics composite before applying hydrostatic compression.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for encapsulating a ring-shaped member, such as a wound coil of wire, a wound metal ribbon, or a metal composite material. The ring-shaped member is mounted upon a mandrel. The mandrel and the mounted ring-shaped member are positioned in a first mold. A thermoplastic material is injection molded peripherally about a first inner void between the mandrel and the ring-shaped member and a first outer void between the first mold and the ring-shaped member. The mandrel is moved with respect to the ring-shaped member. The mandrel and the re-mounted ring-shaped member are positioned in a second mold. The thermoplastic material is injection molded into a second inner void between the mandrel and the ring-shaped member and within a second outer void between the second mold and the ring-shaped member. The second fill of the thermoplastic material joins with the first fill to fully encapsulate the ring-shaped member.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for heat setting a traveling tow of synthetic filaments utilizing a high pressure dewatering nip roll mechanism to remove moisture from the tow prior to heat setting. The high pressure dewatering nip roll mechanism includes a pair of nip rollers exerting a pressure of between about 500 and 2000 pounds per linear inch of transverse nip contact on the traveling tow prior to the tow entering a heat setting apparatus such as a calender apparatus. Moisture content of the traveling tow is reduced to less than 10% moisture by weight and preferably less than 5%. Reducing the moisture content of the tow prior to heat setting reduces the energy required to heat set the tow and, contrary to the prevailing wisdom in the art, does not damage the unheat set filaments of the tow.

Abstract: A method of heat-setting garments by boarding the garment and subjecting it to preselected temperatures that are different for different parts of the garment and an apparatus for carrying out this method are provided.

Abstract: In-mold plastic labels are provided with separation interfaces whereby the printed surfaces of the labels and the contaminating printing inks associated with them can be removed so as to allow recycling of the bottle stock without contamination by the printing inks.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a balloon portion for a balloon catheter for radially expanding a vessel in the body of a mammal, which catheter comprises a tube portion with a passage therethrough and a hollow expandable balloon portion defined by a fluid impervious wall and secured to the tube portion, which balloon portion can be inflated and deflated by means of a fluid passed through the passage, such that:a. the wall of the balloon portion is formed from a flexible substantially fluid impervious material having re-inforcing fibers formed integrally with the wall material; andb. the balloon portion is preformed to the desired radial diameter at its inflated state having smaller diameter end portions and a wider diameter portion intermediate the said ends and has a substantially uniform wall thickness.

Abstract: A method for forming a socket on a pipe of biaxially oriented polyvinyl chloride including: placing a support in an end section of the pipe, heating the pipe in the region of the end section; deforming the pipe to produce a socket in the region of the heated end section, the heated end section being supported internally while the socket is being formed; cooling the pipe in the region of the end section, the end section being supported internally during the cooling operation; and removing the support from the pipe. For the purpose of heating the internally supported end section of the pipe, the end section is first heated until the end section has reached, substantially homogeneously, the glass transition temperature of polyvinyl chloride and is then further heated until the end section has reached, substantially homogeneously, a temperature near, preferably just above, the orientation temperature of polyvinyl chloride.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing a molding material, which comprises melt-extruding a styrenic polymer essentially having a syndiotactic structure or a composition containing the polymer to give strands, then rapidly cooling the resulting strands to thereby make the surface temperature of the strands not higher than the melting point of the styrenic polymer or the composition containing the polymer, and thereafter gradually cooling them to thereby make the surface temperature of the strands not higher than a temperature higher by 20.degree. C. than their glass transition temperature, and finally pelletizing the strands into pellets. The pellets produced have a high degree of crystallinity and can be well molded into good moldings.

Abstract: A method and associated apparatus in which decorative ribbons of varying thickness, width, and material can be automatically curled. The apparatus serves to impart a tendency to curl the strand in a helical formation by drawing the ribbon in a helical path around a curling tube. The tube is divided into two parts, so that the first part heats the ribbon while in a helical configuration and the second part cools the ribbon while still in the helical configuration, thereby setting into the ribbon material a tendency to curl. The helical path on the tube is defined between convolutions of a helically-wound fin on the exterior of the tube. The tube is hollow and has apertures opening into the helical path, so that temperature-controlled air may be blown into the two parts of the path through the hollow interior of the tube.

Abstract: A method of thermally treating a preform element, of the kind having a facing table of polycrystalline diamond bonded to a substrate of cemented tungsten carbide, is disclosed. The steps of the method are: (a) heating the element to a soaking temperature of about 600.degree. C., (b) maintaining the temperature of the element at that temperature for two to three hours, and (c) cooling the element to ambient temperature. These steps are preferably then followed by a flash heating cycle. These steps are: (d) heating the element to a temperature in the range of 750-850.degree. C., (e) maintaining the temperature of the element at that temperature for about four seconds, and (f) cooling the element to ambient temperature. This thermal treatment relieves residual stresses in the element in order to reduce the risk of cracking or delamination of the element in use.

Abstract: An erosion-resistant, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide window and method of making the same are disclosed. The method includes the step of immersing a chemically vapor-deposited or a hot isostatic pressed, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide body into a liquid comprising gallium, the liquid having a temperature of about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C., for at least about thirty minutes to form a gallium-doped body. The gallium-doped, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide body according to the invention is one capable of transmitting light having a wavelength in the range of about 300 nanometers to about 15,000 nanometers. Furthermore, the gallium-doped, chemically vapor-deposited zinc sulfide window according to the invention is capable of transmitting light, having a wavelength in the range of about 380 nanometers to about 700 nanometers have been exposed to rain erosion for 20 minutes at 470 miles per hour with a 90.degree.

Abstract: An improvement is proposed in the method for adhesively bonding a decorative overlay film of a plastic resin to the surface of an acrylic resin board with a hot-melt adhesive, by which the overlaid acrylic resin board can be imparted with greatly improved stability of overlaying lamination as well as good machining workability of the board. The improved method comprises the steps of: (a) demoisturizing the acrylic resin board by heating at 60-90.degree. C. for at least 2 hours; (b) forming a layer of a hot-melt adhesive on at least either one of the resin board and the overlay film; (c) laminating the resin board and the overlay film with the adhesive layer therebetween to obtain a laminate by passing between a pair of laminating rollers while the surfaces to be brought into contact with each other are kept at an elevated temperature; and (d) subjecting the laminate to an aging treatment by heating at 30-60.degree. C. for at least 1 hour.

Abstract: A process comprising the following steps: (a) maintaining the process in an essentially oxygen-free state; (b) introducing a first polymer directly from the polymerization reactor in which it was prepared, in molten form, into a mixer/compounder; (c) reducing any higher pressure accompanying the first polymer from the polymerization reactor to the mixer/compounder to a pressure in the range of about 0 to about 5 barg; (d) adding additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, second polymers, other polymer enhancing additives, and mixtures thereof to the mixer/compounder, and mixing same with the molten first polymer; (e) passing the molten mixture from step (d) through one or more screens, each having a maximum opening size of about 25 microns; (f) pelletizing the mixture from step (e); (g) introducing the pellets into a spraying chamber, the interior of said chamber being operated in a static condition; (h) spraying the pellets in the chamber with a crosslinking formulation including an organi

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of making glass-ceramic plates which are bent at a radius of curvature especially suitable in the manufacture of cooking plates.

Abstract: Films, made of polyethylenes, and articles made therefrom exhibit, for a given density, improved oxygen transmission. The polyethylenes are produced in a metallocene-catalyzed production process. The films may be made by a cast film process, and may be made under conditions that raise the birefringence and the oxygen transmission rate of the film, such as increasing strain rate decreasing melt temperature, increasing quench rates, or may be post-extrusion treated, for instance annealed or cold drawn. Combinations of both extrusion techniques and post-extrusion techniques may also be used. Polyethylenes utilized for making such films typically have a Composition Distribution Breadth Index above 50%, a M.sub.w /M.sub.n below 3, and a M.sub.z /M.sub.w below 2. The permeability of the films so made will be 50% or more above the permeability of films based on similar resins based on previously used film formation techniques.

Abstract: In a method of forming a catheter having an inner layer, an intermediate braided layer and an outer jacket, wherein the intermediate braided layer terminates axially before the inner layer, leaving a forward end portion of the inner layer exposed, the steps of:a) before applying the outer jacket, loading a plastic sleeve over a forward end of the intermediate braided layer adjacent the forward end portion of the inner layer;b) heating the plastic sleeve to a temperature sufficient to melt the plastic sleeve;c) loading a terminal tip having an axial length over a forward end portion of the inner layer into abutting relationship with the forward end of the intermediate braided layer such that the terminal tip is supported by the forward end portion of the inner layer along all of the axial length of the terminal tip and not reinforced anywhere along the axial length by the intermediate braided layer;d) loading the outer jacket over the braided layer;e) loading a shrink tube over the outer jacket; andf) heating

Abstract: A gas barrier film comprising a polyamide film and an inorganic deposited layer laminated thereon, wherein the maximum shrinkage percentage after boiling treatment at 95.degree. C. for 30 minutes is not more than 3.5%. The gas barrier film of the present invention has excellent gas barrier property and water vapor-proof property even after boiling or retort treatment. Hence, the film of the present invention can serve well as a wrapping material for a wide range of objects that require high gas barrier property, such as food, medical products, industrial materials and the like, and has great industrial value.

Abstract: An oriented splittable film which contains nylon and meta-xylylene adipamide at a weight ratio of 40-85:15-60 and which was oriented with a magnification above 2.8 times in both directions of MD and TD. Examples of nylon include nylon 66, nylon 6-66 copolymer and so on. Under this manufacturing method for an oriented splittable film, when a raw film is heated in a biaxially orienting process, such as the tubular method, the heating temperature at the side part of the film, in the direction of film width,,when folding the bubbles, is controlled along the circumference direction of the bubbles so that it is lower than the heating temperature of the part of the film which is used later as a product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a microporous membrane from an unsulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) polymer by forming a mixture of an unsulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide) polymer, an amorphous polymer, and optionally a plasticizer, heating the resulting mixture, extruding or optionally casting the mixture into a membrane, controlled cooling (quenching) or coagulating the membrane, and leaching the membrane, while optionally drawing the membrane before, during, and/or after leaching.

Abstract: A method of treating a preformed flexible imaging belt including providing a rigid cylindrical support drum having a precisely predetermined outer circumference, a first end and a second end, providing a preformed flexible electrostatographic imaging belt, circumferentially expanding the belt with a flowing fluid under pressure until the circumference of the inner surface of the belt adjacent the first end of the drum is stretched to a new dimension of at least about 0.1 percent greater than the outer circumference of the rigid support drum while maintaining the belt below the elastic limit of the belt to smooth out physical defects, sliding the belt onto the drum from the first end toward the second end until substantially all of the belt encircles the outer surface of the drum, terminating the flow of the flowing fluid to allow the belt to contract onto the outer surface of the support drum, heating the belt to a treatment temperature of between about the glass transition temperature and about 10.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for improving mechanical properties of an aged polyester composition consisting essentially of copolymer of hydroxybutyrate units and hydroxyvalerate units which comprises heating the polyester at a temperature whereby (i) the polyester is restored to its original non-aged properties, and (ii) subsequent ageing of the polyester is retarded as indicated by substantial improvement of at least one measurement indicative of ageing compared to non heat treated polyester of the same age. The invention includes the polyester composition and shaped articles which have been subjected to the process and in which ageing is retarded.

Abstract: A process for producing a biaxially oriented polyester film including the steps of causing a molten aromatic polyester which contains naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylatic acid as a main dicarboxylic acid component and ethylene glycol as a main glycol component to pass through a single-layer or multi-layer metal fiber nonwoven fabric, melt extruding the molten polymer into a form of a sheet, quenching and solidifying the sheet to produce an unoriented film, biaxially orienting the unoriented film, and thermally setting the biaxially oriented film to form a biaxially oriented polyester film, as a base film for a photographic film, which contains substantially no gel as large as 40 .mu.m or more.

Abstract: A distinctive technique for making a microporous film includes a stretching of a layer composed of a polymer material and at least about 5 wt % of a particulate filler material. The particulate filler material has been distinctively treated with an operative amount of surface-active material having a HLB value of not less than about 6. Desirably, the stretching includes a biaxial stretching of the polymer layer.

Abstract: A method for the thermal treatment of an electroconductive polymeric pyrogen in which two parallel conductors are incorporated and electroconductive carbon black is dispersed in an insulating polymer, comprising the step of heating the pyrogen in an oven simultaneously while applying an electric field to the pyrogen through a lid line connected from the two conductors to an external power source, by which a desired final resistance can be obtained in a far shorter time while preventing the polymer from being degraded.

Abstract: A method for making multilayer polyester films is provided wherein a slippery surface is imparted to the film, without the use of slip agents, through appropriate crystallization and orientation of the film.