Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved curing or hardening process for the continuous production of capsules containing a sensitive material. The process allows capsules to be formed continuously without aggregating. The process is also a contained system so that exposure to possibly harmful aerosols is avoided.

Abstract: The invention relates to microcapsules containing at least one active ingredient, characterized in that they are constituted by:an hydrophilic and essentially non-aqueous liquid inner core, formed of a solution of at least one active ingredient which is water-soluble and amphiphilic in at least one non-aqueous hydrophilic solvent, andby a wall, enclosing said inner core and based on at least one polymer or copolymer, and to one of their preparation methods.The invention finds an application in systems of instant release of active ingredient, such as articles of hygiene, surgical gloves and materials.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A method of producing sustained-release microcapsules containing a biologically active substance from an W/O emulsion comprising an inner aqueous phase containing said biologically active substance and an external oil phase containing a biodegradable polymer, characterized in that microcapsules formed on microencapsulation of said biologically active substance with said biodegradable polymer are heated at a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature of said biodegradable polymer but not so high as to cause aggregation of the microcapsules. This method enables the production of very useful sustained release microcapsules adapted to release a bologically active substance at a calculated rate over a protracted time period starting immediately following administration without an initial burst within one day following administration.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of microcapsules, which comprises rapidly stirring an aqueous solution of a precondensate of urea and a dialdehyde in the molar ratio of urea to dialdehyde of 1:1 to 1:2.5, into an acidified aqueous dispersion of a water-immiscible pesticide or a readily volatile water-immiscible solvent.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## or an optical isomer thereof wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are an alkyl or alkenyl group of 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, or when two or three of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are taken together to form quinuclidino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, or morpholino; n is 1 to 8; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## or an optical isomer thereof wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are an alkyl or alkenyl group of 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, or when two or three of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are taken together to form quinuclidino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, or morpholino, n is 1 to 8; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thermoplastic microcapsule which is softened by heat, has a good thermoexpandability, and can provide a MICROBALLOON which shows a high heat resistance after thermoexpanded; such a thermoexpandable microcapsule is composed of a shell and an expanding agent therein, in which said shell is made from a copolymer essentially consisting of a polymerizable monomer having two or more polymerizable double bonds and a monomer which can produce a homopolymer having a high glass transition temperature, and said expanding agent is vaporizable at a temperature lower than the softening temperature of the copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing having a heat-fusible core material containing at least a thermoplastic resin and a coloring agent and a shell formed thereon so as to cover the surface of the core material. An amorphous polyester is used as the main component of the shell, and the amount of the amorphous polyester is normally 3 to 50 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the core material. The encapsulated toner of the present invention is excellent in offset resistance, fixable even at a low temperature and excellent in blocking resistance when it is used for heat-and-pressure fixing using a heat roller.

Abstract: Microcapsule has a shell encapsulating a liquid-phase material containing at least a dye precursor and a radiation curable component therein. The liquid-phase material is cured when predetermined wavelength light is applied thereto. The shell is made of electron accepting or electron supplying material, so that the microcapsule is readily charged to either positive or negative polarity. Very fine particles may be attached to the surface of the shell, wherein the particles are made of a material which can be readily charged to positive or negative polarity.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: A biocompatible monomer composition contains (A) at least one monomer of the formula:CHR.dbd.CXYwherein X and Y are each strong electron withdrawing groups, and R is H or, provided that X and Y are both cyano groups, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group; and (B) an effective amount of at least one biocompatible agent effective to reduce active formaldehyde concentration levels, preferably a formaldehyde scavenger compound. The monomer is preferably an alpha-cyanoacrylate. The formaldehyde scavenger compound may be in microencapsulated or non-microencapsulated form. The composition can be applied to a variety of materials and is particularly suitable as in vivo tissue adhesive. A method of joining together in vivo two surfaces, e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly efficient method of preparing modified microcapsules exhibiting selective targeting. These microcapsules are suitable for encapsulation surface attachment of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In one aspect of the invention, surface charge of the polymeric material is altered by conjugation of an amino acid ester to the providing improved targeting of encapsulated agents to specific tissue cells. Examples include encapsulation of radiodiagnostic agents in 1 .mu.m capsules to provide improved opacification and encapsulation of cytotoxic agents in 100 .mu.m capsules for chemoembolization procedures. The microcapsules are suitable for attachment of a wide range of targeting agents, including antibodies, steroids and drugs, which may be attached to the microcapsule polymer before or after formation of suitably sized microcapsules. The invention also includes microcapsules surface modified with hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A process for producing microcapsules with an adhesive coating layer which comprises forming a slurry of microcapsules in a medium selected from water, one or more organic solvents or a mixture thereof by a coacervation method, adding powders of a pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic compound which is insoluble in the medium to the slurry, so that the inorganic compound adheres to substantially the overall surface of the adhesive coating layer, and separating the microcapsules from the medium.

Abstract: Microcapsules formed from urea-, thiourea- and/or melamine-formaldehyde prepolymers which are particularly useful in formulating agrochemicals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to micro-capsules constituted by a solid envelope consisting of a layer of coating materials including at least one gastro-resistant polymer, said solid envelope containing an oily liquid.

Abstract: A method for microencapsulating quaternary ammonium salts by interfacial polymerization. The polar component comprises a quaternary ammonium salt, glycerine, triethyleneglycol diamine, a C 4-10 straight or branched aliphatic compound having two primary amine functionalities, and a C 4-10 straight or branched aliphatic compound having at least three primary amine functionalities. The glycerine-immiscible oil component comprises mineral oil, an aliphatic polyisocyanate and a surfactant. The mole equivalent ratios of primary amine to isocyanate in this reaction is about 0.01-3:1. Microcapsules made by this method are unique and provide surprising benefits in durability, elasticity and barrier properties in resistance to leaching of the microcapsule fill material.

Abstract: A novel imaging process is disclosed comprising preparing microcapsules having an elongation of less than 1%, adhering the microcapsules to a substrate then imagewise rupturing certain of said microcapsules upon selective application of a thermal energy input comprising a .DELTA.T of at least 115.degree. C. per 1 millisecond. The process makes use of novel microcapsules polymerized at a temperature of from 65.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. which are heat resistant yet heat fracturable upon application of a thermal pulse.

Abstract: Material such as biological material is encapsulated within a semi-permeable hybrid membrane bead by suspending the material in a medium which comprises an effective amount of a gelling inducer; forming said suspension into a droplet of a size sufficient to envelop said material, suspending a second material in a gelling solution comprising an effective amount of a gel forming polymer which gels upon contact with said gelling inducer forming a discrete bead by contacting the outer surface portion of the droplet with a gelling solution, and allowing the gelling solution to thicken sufficiently for the second material to become entrapped therein.

Abstract: An oily liquid and an aqueous liquid as prepared at a temperature of 80.degree. C. are continuously emulsified at a temperature of 50.degree. C. or higher to give an emulsion, then a liquid comprising a polyamine and a concentration adjusting water of 50.degree. C. or higher is added to the emulsion and mixed in a static mixer, the emulsion mix is continuously flown into an encapsulation device from the bottom to the top thereof, and microcapsules are obtained by overflowing after a retention time of 60 minutes on average.

Abstract: A process for making melamine-formaldehyde microcapsules in an aqueous solution containing a high concentration of a water miscible or water soluble organic solvent is provided. The aqueous solution is prepared and a water insoluble melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensate is dissolved therein by adjusting the temperature and organic solvent concentration of the aqueous solution such that the melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensate is barely soluble therein. A substance to be encapsulated, preferably an oily solution containing a dyestuff precursor, is dispersed into the aqueous solution to form an emulsion, the melamine-formaldehyde pre-condensate being insoluble in the substance to be encapsulated.

Abstract: A lipid-polymer conjugate for use in forming long-circulating liposomes is disclosed. The conjugate includes a vesicle-forming lipid having covalently attached to its polar head group, one of the polymers: polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylmethylether, polyhydroxypropyl methacrylate, polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamide, polyhydroxyethyl acrylate, polymethacrylamide, polydimethylacrylamide, polymethyloxazoline, polyethyloxazoline, polyhydroxyethyloxazoline, polyhydroxypropyloxazoline, or polyaspartamide. A method for preparing liposomes containing the lipid-polymer conjugate is also disclosed.

Abstract: Surfactant-containing seamless capsules of the present invention have an inner layer and an outer layer having a film-forming material. The inner layer contains an oily component and a surfactant component. Such surfactant-containing seamless capsules are produced using in multiple nozzle of triple or more having a sequentially increasing diameter. Since the capsules are excellent in emulsive dispersibility of the content liquid and surfactant dispersibility and solubility in the oily component, they can be used in pharmaceuticals, foods, luxury foods, bath additives, detergents and other fields.

Abstract: A bio-injectable drug composition which provides long term drug release. The drug composition is made up of a pharmaceutically active agent in a biodegradable polymer matrix, where the polymer matrix is a solid at temperatures in the range 20.degree. to 37.degree. C. and is flowable at temperatures in the range 38.degree. to 52.degree. C.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition comprising a shaped enteric material having distributed therethrough preferably substantially uniformly, pharmaceutical loaded particles, said particles having a size no greater than about 10 microns in any dimension and being alkali insoluble and the method of delivering pharmaceuticals to Peyer's glands.

Abstract: A process for conveniently producing microcapsules containing a gelatin wall crosslinked with quinone and a core of an active compound such as a fouling reducing agent, particularly a tributyl tin chloride, involves use of a simple or complex coacervation technique. The quinone crosslinking provides microcapsules of excellent strength, storage stability, and resistance to aqueous exposure, such that the rate of release of the fouling reducing agent can be controlled with precision.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formulaor an optical isomer thereof wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are an alkyl or alkenyl group of 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, or when two or three of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are taken together to form quinuclidino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, or morpholino; n is 1 to 8; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: A method of forming hemispheric bichromal balls, including the steps bringing together two streams of differently colored hardenable liquids for forming a single side-by-side bichromal stream, expelling said single side-by-side bichromal stream into a fluid as one or more free jets whose forward ends becomes unstable and break up into droplets which form into spherical balls, each of the balls comprising hemispheres of differently colored hardenable liquid, and finally hardening the balls.

Abstract: Microsphere wet cake is mixed with a surface barrier coating effective to prevent agglomeration and surface bonding of the microspheres, and removing water by drying with continuous mixing at high shear. In a subsequent step, by the control of the application of heat and balancing temperature and low shear mixing, it is possible to also control expansion of the microspheres.The surface barrier coating in the present invention is any one of a wide diversity of materials which meet the requirements of the intended function, i.e., to prevent the agglomeration of the microspheres during the process. Suitable materials include, by way of example, dry inorganic pigments or filler materials, and the like, and related organic materials.

Abstract: A microcapsule comprising a capsule shell having at least one polymer structure selected from the group consisting of a polyurea resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyamide resin, a polyester resin and an epoxy resin and containing a block and/or graft copolymer formed by the vinyl polymerization of vinyl monomers initiated by the decomposition of a polymerization-initiating azo group which has been previously incorporated in the polymer structure.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the microencapsulation of a substantially water-insoluble liquid material within a porous shell to effect a slow rate of release of said material through said shell which comprises (a) providing an organic solution comprising said material and an etherified urea-formaldehyde prepolymer dissolved therein in which from about 50% to about 98% of the methylol groups of said prepolymer have been etherified with a C.sub.4 -C.sub.

Abstract: A polymeric controlled delivery system is provided for use in treating periodontal disease. The delivery system in a variety of forms is placed directly in the infected gingival tissue where the chemotherapeutic agent is slowly released into the tissue and into the infected periodontal pocket by means of the gingival crevicular fluid originating in the gingival tissue.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an improved method for forming photosensitive microcapsules and increasing sensitivity by incorporating a thiol into the microcapsules through diffusion while maintaining an aqueous surrounding medium at a pH of 7.0 or less.

Abstract: In microcapsules with a polymeric capsule wall, the polymer of the capsule wall comprises thermolabile predetermined breaking points in the form of hexamethylenetetramine or acetaldehyde ammonia derivatives in order to facilitate release of the capsule contents (various active substances, such as example, dyes, medicaments, developers, curing agents, flameproofing agents) in a specific manner by exposure to heat.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the extraction of volatile solvents entrained in a polymer-based pharmaceutical composition designed for sustained release of drug over an extended period of time prepared in microcapsule form wherein the composition comprises at least one hormonally active water-soluble polypeptide in an effective amount greater than a conventional single dose and a biocompatible, bioerodable encapsulating polymer, which process comprises the steps of contacting the composition to a stream of dense gas, that is, pressurized gas and then removing the dense gas, and volatile solvents contained therein, extracted from the pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: The subject invention provides a method of encapsulating viable tissue or cells within a double walled bead, the double-walled bean produced as a result of the method, as well as a method of pretreating the tissue or cells with an immunosuppressant such as UV-B irradiation prior to their encapsulation.

Abstract: A process for encapsulating a wide variety of target materials, including both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials, employs condensation of two reactive compounds to form shells around core phase particles including target material dispersed in a continuous phase. One of the reactive compounds has at least two active methylene functional groups per molecule, the other being an active methylene-reactive crosslinking agent. Either type of the reactive compounds can be dispersed in the continuous phase, the other being dispersible in the core phase. Applications include controlled release microencapsulation of agriculture chemicals and biocides.

Abstract: Two embodiments of a process for producing concentrated suspensions of polyurea microcapsules especially suitable for manufacturing carbonless copy paper (CCP) are disclosed. Either embodiment can be a batch or continuous process. In the first embodiment, a liquid hydrophobic phase comprising a core material and polyisocyanate at least partially soluble therein is emulsified with an aqueous continuous phase including a polyhydroxylated colloidal stabilizer to form a suspension of microdroplets of the hydrophobic phase. A polyamine such as diethylenetriamine reactive with the polyisocyanate and a catalytic amount of an alkaline base are then added, initiating an interfacial polyaddition reaction at alkaline pH which forms the polyurea microcapsules. The alkaline base is preferably NaOH, KOH, or LiOH; the polyisocyanate is preferably a biuretized or isocyanurate-modified triisocyanate of a lower alkyl diisocyanate; and the polyamine is preferably added in a stoichiometric ratio relative to the isocyanate.

Abstract: Microcapsules which comprise, (A) a wall comprising a mixture of zirconium chloride and at least one member selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol) and its derivatives, and (B) a core material enclosed with the wall; and a process for producing the same. In this invention, any substance can be used as the core material irrespective of its hydrophicity or hydrophobicity, and there can be obtained microcapsules excellent in heat resistance, water resistance, and transparency by simple steps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the production of lipid vesicles having a moderately volatile material such as a perfluorocarbon or a silicone oil encapsulated therein. In another aspect, lipid vesicles having a gas-filled center or core are made. The lipid vesicles having gas-filled central core are made by dehydrating vesicles having the moderately volatile liquid encapsulated in the central core. This drives off the water first, allowing the moderately volatile liquid to stabilize the vesicle structure as it dries, finally forming a central void which can refract light. The preferred vesicles of the invention are paucilamellar vesicles.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula ##STR1## or an optical isomer thereof wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and are an alkyl or alkenyl group of 6 to 24 carbon atoms; R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are the same or different and are alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, aryl, aralkyl of 7 to 11 carbon atoms, or when two or three of R.sup.3, R.sup.4, and R.sup.5 are taken together to form quinuclidino, piperidino, pyrrolidino, or morpholino; n is 1 to 8; and X is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion.

Abstract: A preparation method of sodium diclofenac enteric-coated microcapsules by spray drying technique comprising the steps of(a) dissolving sodium diclofenac in an appropriate amount of distilled water;(b) adding an effective amount of excipients to the above solution to form a suspension;(c) adding methacrylic acid-ethyl acrylate copolymers (Eudragit L 30D) and polyethyleneglycol 6000 (PEG 6000) as the enteric-coating material to form a slurry;(d) atomizing the slurry to form spray-dried powder;(e) mixing the spray-dried powder with a mixture of microcrystalline cellulose (neocel) and pregelatinized starch (flo-starch); and(f) compressing the powder mixture into a microdispersed enteric tablet.The spray drying technique could be easily performed to prepare the enteric-coated microcapsules with aqueous latex polymer dispersion such as Eudragit L 30D as an enteric-coating polymer.

Abstract: An improved process for producing by interfacial reaction, a high solids an aqueous slurry of microcapsules is disclosed. Typical interfacial reaction involves the steps of emulsifying an oil phase containing the material to be encapsulated plus an oil-soluble, film-forming polyisocyanate in a continuous aqueous phase containing an emulsifying polymer under high shear conditions until the desired droplet size is obtained and then, under low shear conditions, adding a polyamine solution followed by an elevated temperature reaction sufficient to complete hardening of the polyurea capsule walls. The improvement of the invention comprising the introduction of a reaction period at elevated temperature between emulsification and polyamine addition, said reaction period permitting capsules of 10 microns or less average diameter to be made at greater than 40% by weight solids without agglomeration or resultant excess viscosity.

Abstract: Microcapsules containing a substantially water-insoluble liquid material, such as an anilide herbicide, and optionally also a herbicide antidote, within a porous shell to effect a slow rate of release of said herbicide (and optionally said antidote) through said shell, are produced by a process which comprises (a) providing an organic solution comprising said material and an etherified amino resin prepolymer dissolved therein which from about 50% to about 98% of the methylol groups of said prepolymer have been etherified with a C.sub.4 -C.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to an anhydrous, liquid phase process for entrapping droplets of a silicon compound in an organic polymer which involves precharging a reactor at between about 50.degree. and about 80.degree. C. with a polymerization initiator and a non-polar solvent in which the silicon compound is soluble; adding to the precharged reactor, silicon compound under vigorous agitation and gradually introducing from about 50 to about 99 wt. %, based on silicon compound, of a polymerizably precipitatable, aliphatically unsaturated monomer at a controlled rate; continuously polymerizing the monomer component, under vigorous agitation with the silicon compound, at between about 50.degree. and about 165.degree. C. while maintaining a desired monomer level of not more than 10% in the reactor and recovering a solid particulate product of silicon droplets entrapped in said polymerized monomer.

Abstract: Disclosed are oily droplets comprising an oily core containing a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group and a film formed around the oily core which is composed of a reaction product of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated group with a water-soluble polymer having a sulfinyl group. Also disclosed are microcapsules comprising the oily droplet and a resin wall formed therearound. Further disclosed are processes for preparing the oily droplets and the microcapsules.

Abstract: The microcapsules of the invention are comprised of crystallizable polymers which are preferably side-chain crystallizable polymers or cross-linked, side-chain crystallizable polymers having a specific first order transition point or "melt" temperature. The polymers are caused to form microcapsules and thereby encapsulate one or more compounds generally referred to herein as an active ingredient such as a herbicide, insecticide, fungicide, or fertilizer. The polymer of the microcapsule surrounds the active ingredient separating it from the outside environment. Crystallizable polymers used herein have temperature-dependent permeabilities with respect to a given component such that this component is kept out of contact with the active ingredient at a temperature below a given first order transition point and (due to increased permeability) is allowed to contact the active ingredient at a temperature at or above the transition point.

Abstract: A method for modifying the surface of the microcapsule consisting of an outer layer composed of a urea-formaldehyde copolymer, a melamine-formaldehyde copolymer or a urea-melamine-formaldehyde terpolymer and an inner phase composed of hydrophobic organic components, the method comprises contacting the microcapsule with a water-immiscible organic solvent and at least one member selected from the group of compound of general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; x and y are each a whole number not less than 0 and their sum is a whole number of not more than 60, provided that x and y cannot be simultaneously equal to 0.

Abstract: Disclosed are paucilamellar lipid vesicles reinforced with polyacrylamide, and methods of producing the same. The vesicles include about 2-10 lipid bilayers in the form of substantially spherical shells separated by a plurality of aqueous layers. Each of the bilayers have a layer of polyacrylamide lining its innermost side. The bilayers and the aqueous layers surround a large, substantially amorphous central cavity containing a water-immiscible oily phase or a polyacrylamide core.