Abstract: Bulk shapes and solid structures of amorphous metals formed of micron sized particles produced by droplet emulsion technique whereby undercooled droplets are solidified in the amorphous state with a stabilizing coating on the surfaces thereof, the shapes and solid structures being formed by dispersing the stabilizing coating and bringing the particles into intimate metal to metal contact for atomic bonding, without raising the temperature to crystallization temperature.

Abstract: Apparatus for making miniature capsules having a capsule-forming orifice defined by the open ends of two coaxial conduits. The inner conduit defines a central opening in the orifice and the outer conduit defines an annulus circumferentially of the central opening. Filter-content material for the individual capsules is extruded as a stream through the central opening and a settable coating liquid material is extruded as a thin film sleeve circumferentially of the filler-content material stream. The film sleeve and the stream of filler-content material pass through a cooling liquid which is flowed through a fixed nozzle downstream of the extruding orifice. The nozzle has an inlet section with converging inner surfaces and a uniform diameter downstream of the inlet section. The cooling fluid, the film sleeve and filler-content stream therein all pass through the nozzle.

Abstract: A stream of molten metal from a supply is impinged upon an electrode while an electrical potential is impressed between the supply and the electrode. The zone of impingement becomes a stable electric arc in which the stream is atomized. A carrier gas intersects the spray and removes heat from the metal particles.

Abstract: An improved process for the granulation or coating of hygroscopic or nonhygroscopic materials where melt is sprayed onto cascading granules of common or uncommon substrate in an enclosed vessel, and where the heat given off by solidification of the melt is absorbed by evaporation of water. The water is atomized into the granulator as an extremely fine mist and evaporation is effected without impingement of mist on granules or granulator internals. An equation is developed which mathematically represents the thermodynamics of the process and specific values are presented for variables when granulating sulfur or urea.

Abstract: A glucan which is characterized by repeating units of [3)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.4)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.4)-Glc-(1.fwdarw.] wherein Glc represents alpha-D-glucopyranose residue. This glucan may be prepared by cultivating a microorganism of the genus Elsinoe capable of producing this glucan on a nutrient medium to produce this glucan and separating and recovering this glucan. This glucan may be used, for example, in the form of a film for packaging film material.

Abstract: A self-contained pressure-sensitive record material comprising a substrate and a coating thereon of an interspersed mixture of pressure-rupturable capsules of an oily solvent solution of a substantially colorless basic chromogenic material and capsules of solid co-reactant acidic resin particles, said co-reactant acidic resin being capable of producing a color upon contact with the chromogenic material. The capsule mixture is applied to the substrate in a single coating step, resulting in a greater production efficiency. The resulting record material provides better imaging characteristics with less print bleed than self-contained systems known in the prior art.

Abstract: A method of making a display characterized by a plurality of particles which have an electrical anisotropy due to hemispherical surface coatings of different Zeta potential and their distribution in a volume of a dielectric liquid and which also have an optical anisotropy due to the hemispherical surface coatings having different optical characteristics. The particles are mixed with a light transparent liquid which is subsequently cured to form an elastomeric or rigid slab. Following curing of the liquid, the slab is emersed in a plasticizer (dielectric liquid) which is absorbed by the slab and which causes the slab to expand slightly. Expansion of the slab around the particles provides a plasticizer-filled cavity around each particle which cavities allow the particles to rotate to provide a display in accordance with their optical anisotropy but does not allow substantial translation of the particles.

Abstract: Homogeneous solid fusions of particulate mineral nutrients in a continuous rhombic sulfur matrix containing at least about 50 weight percent sulfur are disclosed. These materials are obtained by dispersing throughout a sulfur melt at a temperature of 120.degree. to about 400.degree. C. a nutrient-hydrocarbon comixture containing sufficient hydrocarbon to thoroughly wet all surfaces of the mineral nutrient, preferably sufficient to form a suspension of the nutrient in the hydrocarbon, followed by cooling to form the solid fusion. These materials have particular utility in agronomic applications as soil supplements for supplying both sulfur (as sulfate) and mineral nutrients at a continuous, regulated rate from inexpensive raw materials.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are disclosed for forming encapsulated material. Centrifugal force developed by a rotating nozzle having a plurality of radial orifices is used for extruding material to be encapsulated. The nozzle is mounted for rotation about a generally vertical axis and is provided with a circumferential outside surface near its bottom inclined upwardly away from the axis of the nozzle which, when partially submerged in a liquid during rotation, impels a sheet or spray of the liquid along the circumferential surface and shears off successive leading tips of extruded material to form capsules.

Abstract: Process for forming coated pitch prills by mixing pitch prills with finely divided carbonaceous material and agitating the prills and carbonaceous material until a layer of carbonaceous material adherently bonded to the pitch prill is formed. Preferably the pitch prill is a substantially spherical particle having an average diameter between about 1 and about 5 millimeters. The finely divided carbonaceous material is preferably carbon black.

Abstract: A microsphere of solder having a metallic core, in which the thickness of the solder coating of the microsphere is more than 20 microns, can be produced by a process comprising preparing a sheet having a plurality of hollows provided all over the sheet, placing a spherical grain of a metal together with at least one grain of solder in each of said hollows, the metallic grain having wettability for solder, then heating the grains in the hollow in the presence of a flux to coat the metallic grain with the solder, and recovering a spherical solder bead having a metallic core.

Abstract: Process for forming coated pitch prills by mixing pitch prills with finely divided carbonaceous material and agitating the prills and carbonaceous material until a layer of carbonaceous material adherently bonded to the pitch prill is formed. Preferably the pitch prill is a substantially spherical particle having an average diameter between about 1 and about 5 millimeters. The finely divided carbonaceous material is preferably carbon black.

Abstract: Oil-in-water emulsions containing starch carboxylates as the emulsifying agent. The starch carboxylate imparts improved stability to the emulsions and in the case of salad dressings it can be substituted for all or a portion of the egg content without the loss of any desirable properties.

Abstract: Heavy fuel oil having an average pour point above the average minimum temperature of a transporting system is effectively transported by first physically separating the heavy fuel oil into two portions, fractionating the first portion into a relatively low pour point fraction and a relatively high pour point fraction, recombining the relatively low pour point fraction with the second portion, congealing the second portion to form particles, coating the congealed particles with the relatively high pour point fraction and thereafter slurrying the coated, congealed particles in a carrier liquid, preferably water, and transporting the slurry in a transportation system, preferably a pipeline.

Abstract: High temperature chemical reaction processes utilizing fluid-wall reactors can be conducted in fluid-wall reactors by a process which includes the steps of (1) generating a shell of a refractory material which reflects radiation, the volume enclosed by the shell constituting a black body cavity; (2) generating within the black body cavity an annular envelope of an inert fluid which is substantially transparent to radiation, the envelope having substantial axial length and the interior of the envelope defining a reaction chamber; (3) passing at least one reactant into the black body cavity and through the reaction chamber along a predetermined path substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the envelope, the reactants being confined within the reaction chamber; and (4) directing high intensity radiant energy into the reaction chamber to coincide with at least a portion of the predetermined path of the reactants, sufficient radiant energy being absorbed within the reaction chamber to raise the tempe

Abstract: A process for forming an atomized stream of a sprayable substance in a conversion zone, which may be a drying zone or a congealing zone, and forming discrete particles of said stream in said zone. The present invention comprises intercepting the stream of atomized droplets with a fluent binder capable of agglomerating fines in the stream faclitating their collection.The invention is particularly described with reference to the spray drying of pigment particles.

Abstract: When prilling molten materials into a tower containing dust particles suspended or carried in a counter-current gas stream, the amount of dust picked up by the droplets of molten material as they pass down the tower can be reduced by the addition of up to 10% by weight of very fine particles having a primary particle size of less than 1 micrometer to the dust in the tower.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite metal powder which comprises mixing a powder of a metal or alloy with a melt of a metal or alloy of a different class from that of the metal or alloy powder and atomizing the resulting molten mixture by jetting a high speed jet stream of water against the stream of the mixture to thereby obtain a composite metal powder in which the surface of the metal or alloy powder is coated with a layer of the originally molten or alloy.

Abstract: A novel spray-drying technique process, and the resulting composition, for preparing a high density, agglomerated vitamin-containing composition having improved tableting characteristics.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are described for applying a wax or plastic coating to phosphor grains to be added to explosives for tagging purposes. The coating is obtained by spraying from a nozzle a homogenous mixture of molten coating material and phosphor grains and permitting the droplets thus formed to solidify during free fall through a cooling medium such as air. The coated phosphors thus obtained when incorporated into an explosive render the mixture less sensitive to friction and impact than the corresponding mixture employing uncoated phosphors.

Abstract: Molten materials, notably molten fertilizers, are prilled into a tower up which flows a gas stream carrying or suspending dust particles some or all of which have been treated with a silicone. The silicone treatment reduces the amount of dust which is picked up by the molten material.

Abstract: an improved process for the granulation or coating of hygroscopic or nonhygroscopic materials where melt is sprayed onto cascading granules of common or uncommon substrate in an enclosed vessel such as a rotary drum preferably with lifting flights which provide maximum mixing of the granules and the atmosphere enclosed in the unit and where heat given off by solidification of the melt is absorbed by evaporation of water which is atomized as an extremely fine mist into areas of the vessel which are not subtended by falling granules. Evaporation is effected without impingement of the mist on the granules or vessel internals. Air for evaporation is pulled through the vessel concurrent with the flow of granules and its moisture content is regulated below the critical humidity of the granules throughout the vessel.