Abstract: A shield for injection lances in metal production furnaces facilitates the adjustment of the contents of the melt in the metal production furnace. The shield has an outer shell joined to an inner shell by a face plate. The outer shell and inner shell define a fluid chamber between them and the face plate has an inlet aperture and an exit aperture for coolant flow through the fluid chamber. The shield is sized and shaped to fit into or around an aperture in the wall of the furnace. The shield has apertures through it to facilitate introduction of additives to the melt in the metal production furnace.

Abstract: Provided is a blast-furnace operating method including: a first step of adjusting a charging rate of coke while monitoring a furnace-top temperature Ttop; a second step of adjusting an injection rate of pulverized coal while monitoring an in-furnace superficial gas velocity u and the furnace-top temperature Ttop; a third step of adjusting an oxygen-enrichment ratio of oxygen-enriched air while monitoring a tuyere combustion temperature Tf and the furnace-top temperature Ttop; and a fourth step of determining whether an injection rate of the oxygen-enriched air needs to be adjusted, based on a value of the in-furnace superficial gas velocity u.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing reduced iron from ironmaking dust which contains iron oxide which is generated at an ironmaking plant, takes note of the rotary kiln reduction method which does not require pretreatment of the dust, and has as its problem the pursuit of facilities which achieve further improvement of heat efficiency and stable operation. To solve this problem, the present invention is characterized by heating and reducing carbon-containing shaped materials in a single closed space in which an internal heat type rotary kiln and an external heat type rotary kiln are arranged in series and including at least the insides of the two rotary kilns during which making the reduced exhaust gas which is generated at the external heat type rotary kiln burn inside of the internal heat type rotary kiln.

Abstract: An off-gas channel (1) of a closed-type smelting furnace (2), the off-gas channel (1) comprising a first end (3) opening to the upper part of the smelting furnace (2) and a second end (4) opening to a gas cleaning apparatus (5) for leading the furnace off-gases to the gas cleaning apparatus. The off-gas channel comprises at least one cleaning nozzle (6, 7, 8, 9) adapted to spray pressurized fluid to the inner surface of the off-gas channel.

Abstract: The invention pertains to the heating of a metal strip, and relates to equipment for heating a metal strip that comprises a pre-heating housing provided with a device for projecting hot gases towards the strip, a heating housing with regenerative burners, a duct for discharging the gases from the heating housing, a three-way adjustable valve and an adjustment device including a sensor for detecting the setpoint temperature of the metal strip and a member for adjusting the three-way valve so that it can adjust the amount of hot gases fed to the projection device. The invention can be used in equipment for heating narrow strips before annealing the same.

Abstract: Apparatus for the combustion of gas exiting from an electric arc furnace where the heat of combustion is used for the preheating of scraps entering the furnace wherein the apparatus has an insertion device for introducing comburent substance into a preheating chamber or loading tunnel for scrap metal where the loding tunnel has an inlet section for scrap metal, a seal section to prevent an uncontrolled entrance of air in the tunnel, a heating section and an unloading section for delivering scrap metal to the furnace. The insertion device for the comburent substance has one or more adjustable openings placed in the loading tunnel, and said apparatus comprises a device or a series of devices.

Abstract: An integrated system for blast furnace iron making and power production based upon higher levels of oxygen enrichment in the blast gas is disclosed. The integrated system leads to; 1) enhanced productivity in the blast furnace, 2) more efficient power production, and 3) the potential to more economically capture and sequester carbon dioxide. Oxygen enhances the ability of coal to function as a source of iron reductant and to be gasified within the blast furnace thereby generating an improved fuel-containing top gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and equipment, whereby matte with a high non-ferrous metal content and disposable slag are produced simultaneously in a suspension-smelting furnace from non-ferrous sulphide concentrate. According to the invention, a carbonaceous reducing agent is charged to the lower furnace of a suspension smelting furnace via tuyeres to the part of the furnace which has a reduced cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A continuous process and apparatus for transforming, by chemico-physical reactions inside molten slag, materials to be gasified, thermally destroyed, inertized, or from which elements of commercial value are to be recovered, yielding controlled composition products, in an apparatus made of a single reaction chamber, called reactor, having a substantially cylindrical symmetry, including two portions, a top and a bottom one, said process being characterised in that it comprises the steps of: introducing into the bottom portion of the reactor, sideways through a second injection level and/or vertically from the top thereof, the material to be transformed, the fuel, the comburent and possibly slag inoculants and additives and material-carrying gases; and tapping from the bottom portion of the reactor the transformed material, of controlled composition, and the inert slag.

Abstract: Rapid-cooling oven, forming part of a plant comprising various treatment stations, especially stations for the heat treatment of products in strip form, through which a metal strip runs continuously, the rapid cooling being obtained by spraying onto the strip a jet of an atmosphere gas consisting of a nitrogen/hydrogen mixture having a hydrogen content which is greater than 15%, and preferably close to 50%, the atmosphere gas being recirculated using a circuit of recirculation ducts comprising compensators made in the form of a series of corrugations allowing all the ducts to expand, at least one fan and at least one gas/water exchanger, wherein a safety device is provided to prevent this ingress of air into the circuit for recirculating the cooling gas or any leak of the latter into the environment, in the event of a break in a corrugation of a compensator or in the case of a leak form the latter, said safety device being made in the form of a flexible membrane impermeable to the cooling gas, the said membra

Abstract: An apparatus and technique for collecting fumes from a metallurgical vessel such as a ladle are disclosed. The apparatus and technique are particularly well suited for collecting fumes during a cleanout operation of one or more discharge ports along the bottom of the vessel when the vessel is inverted on its side.

Abstract: A comprehensive fume collection system, particularly adapted for the collection of lead-containing fumes or gases typically emitted during the manufacture of leaded steel, is disclosed. The preferred fume collection system comprises four sections, each serving a particular portion of the steelmaking process--(i) a casting floor fume collection system, (ii) a ladle slag dumping fume collection system, (iii) a tundish cooling fume collection system, and (iv) a torch cutting fume collection system.

Abstract: A process and a steelmaking device for the metallurgical treatment of iron metals, especially for producing steel melts. To carry out metallurgical processing of iron metals, and especially to produce steel melts, in an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and economical fashion, all metallurgical processes are carried out in a single vessel. This vessel first functions as a converter and then, without the melt product being poured out, functions subsequently as an electric arc furnace.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method to provide a system for solid material arging into vertical reactors by electronic control of the exhaust gases, a unique process applied for charging into vertical reactors, cupolas, ferrous and non-ferrous blast furnaces, and shaft furnaces in the absence of the use of conventional flap valves, pressure chambers, doors or bells to prevent the exhaust gases from escaping uncontrolled to the atmosphere. In this invention, the solid charging materials are loaded at all times into the reactor through the charge duct without loss of exhaust to the atmosphere or air infiltration into the exhaust gases. A controlled post combustion is conducted when the exhaust gases contain substantial amount of combustible gases. An adjustable-high-temperature-air blast is used for reduced fuel costs. The heat of exhaust gases is transferred to the air and the waste gases are exhausted at low temperature.

Abstract: The energy contained in the blast furnace gas of a shaft furnace, particularly in the blast furnace gas of a cupola furnace, is utilized by wet cleaning the blast furnace waste gas as it emerges from the shaft furnace. The pre-treated blast furnace gas is then fed to a fine-dust filter for purification. Blast furnace gas entering the fine-dust filter is heated to the dew point by mixing it with a partial flow of purified gas branched off and heated upon exiting the fine-dust filter. Another portion of the purified gas mixture is fed to a gas turbine.

Abstract: A smelting unit having a furnace vessel (11) which is mounted on a furnace rocking cradle (13) and which can be closed by a cover (12), and bar electrodes (28) which can be lowered into the furnace vessel (11) and which can be raised and lowered by means of electrode lift devices (30), in which the electrode lift devices (30) are carried by a portal assembly (31). In a lowered position the portal assembly (31) lies on a support holder (33) of the vessel substructure (14) or the furnace rocking cradle (13) respectively and in that position can be tilted with the furnace vessel (11). It can be released from the furnace vessel (11) and pivoted to the side by a lift post (43) of a stationary lifting/pivoting mechanism (40). When the unit has two vessels which are arranged side-by-side, the bar electrodes can be associated alternately with one vessel or the other by means of the lifting/pivoting mechanism (40).

Abstract: The device for charging metalliferous materials 7 into a furnace 3 compri a charging tube 1, inside which are arranged supports 8 distributed over an entire non-straight section of this, for example similarly to the stairs of a flight of stairs descending towards the furnace. Passages are provided between the supports 8, and means 10 for the vibration of the supports are provided.The materials progressively descend on the supports 8 towards the furnace and are simultaneously preheated by the hot gases introduced into the tube, circulating through the materials and via the passages 9 and extracted via the outlet orifice 5.

Abstract: A unit for the metallurgical treatment of molten steel, located in steel teeming ladles, by heating and vacuum treatment. The ladle-metallurgical treatment unit serves for the mutual treatment of steel meltings by heating and vacuum treatment. It consists of two treatment stations, each of which is provided with a stationary tank 1, 2 for incorporating the steel teeming ladle 3, 4, and each is provided with a laterally movable vacuum lid mechanism 13. A heating device with a swiveling heating lid 9, which is arranged centrally between the two treatment stations, is brought into the working position over one of the two steel teeming ladles 3, 4.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for combusting a gaseous fuel in molten salt to generate a heated recirculating salt bath for melting aluminum. Combustion products are prevented from directly contacting aluminum. Gaseous fuel is introduced into a chamber containing the molten salt bath through a lance beneath its surface. The combusting gas heats the salt bath and causes an upward flow. At the top of the chamber, combustion products separate from the molten salt, which then flows downward into a second chamber. In one embodiment of the invention, aluminum is introduced into the downward-flowing salt bath of the second chamber. Molten aluminum settles in the less-dense downward-flowing salt bath, which recirculates from the second chamber to the first chamber for reheating. A second embodiment utilizes an additional chamber in which the heated molten salt is flowed upward to enable counter-current contact of heated molten salt with aluminum.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling gases and/or vapors from non-ferrous metal treatment plants, wherein gases and/or vapors which develop in the treatment region are passed parallel to a heat transfer surface consisting of one or more sets of vertical tubes disposed in intimate mutual contact to form a shaft structure, the tubes being fed with water under pressure to produce steam, and the shaft structure being suspended above the treatment region.

Abstract: A process for treating hazardous particulate generated during a manufacturing process is provided. The process includes the steps of: passing particulate material through at least one duct toward a waste collection device; feeding an additive into the duct to be mixed with the particulate material, upstream from the waste collection device; and passing the particulate material mixed with the additive into the waste collection device. A scrap remelting apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing the outer quenching and the inner quenching of tubular pieces, notably of steel tubes, characterized in that it includes successively, in the advancement direction of the tubes:slanting rollers allowing the tubes delivered continuously to move forward successively by rotating about their axis;an outer quenching system;a clamping and locking system for the tube;a retractable carrier supporting an injection lance for carrying out the inner quenching, said carrier being provided with said clamping and locking system for the tube;means allowing the carrier to move backward with the tube clamping system in order to accompany said tube in movement while the outer quenching is carried out; andretractable rollers which come in position to support the tube as the carrier moves backward while disengaging the tube from the outer quenching system.

Abstract: A tundlish lid is described comprising a steel baseplate and refractory insulating layer. The refractory insulating layer has embedded in it a lattice, preferably of iron or steel, which is secured to retaining members themselves secured to one surface of the baseplate. By this means the refractory insulating layer adheres well to the baseplate. A method of making the tundlish lid is also described by positively securing the lattice in spaced relation from the surface of the baseplate by securing the lattice in slots in studs or retaining elements secured to the baseplate and then applying a layer of substantially uniform thickness of refractory insulating material over the lattice.

Abstract: In a method of producing a mixed gas from a process gas of a continuously working gasifier and a discontinuously incurred off-gas of an oxygen blowing converter, the off-gas of the refining process having the lower pressure is sucked into the process gas of the gasifier with the higher pressure via a gas jet ejector. The process gas serves as power gas, and subsequently the mixed gas is dedusted. A plant for producing steel includes a plant for recovering pig iron formed by a reduction shaft furnace and a melt-down gasifier, and at least one oxygen blowing converter for converting the pig iron into steel. The reduction shaft furnace has a process or top gas duct system, the converter has a converter off-gas duct, and an ejector connects both, the converter off-gas thus being feedable into the top gas duct system to form the mixed gas. Common dedusting and washing devices are provided for the mixed gas and safety devices for preventing oxygen from entering into the mixed gas.

Abstract: An arrangement for preheating scrap includes a scrap treating furnace into which at least one exhaust gas duct from a metallurgical furnace enters. In order to attain a higher efficiency in preheating, the scrap treating furnace has a through chamber for a plurality of adjacently arranged or superposed scrap receiving vessels. Each of these vessels is provided with its own gas inlet opening and with its own gas exit opening. The scrap treating furnace also includes a charging means on one end of the through chamber to receive at least one scrap receiving vessel and a discharging means on the other end of the through chamber to receive at least one scrap receiving vessel. A conveying means for moving the scrap receiving vessels in cycles from the charging means to the discharging means as well as gas conducting means for connecting the gas exit openings with the gas inlet openings of neighboring scrap receiving vessels are arranged within the through chamber.

Abstract: A converter pressure control device for use in a converter waste gas disposing device wherein a calculator determines the difference between the pressure in a converter and atmospheric pressure and sets an operating parameter according to the detected difference. A pressure controller generates a control signal in accordance with the operating parameter and the difference in converter pressure and a predetermined value. The control signal is used to operate a damper to control the flow of waste gas through the converter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for continuous injection under low pressure of a powdered additive into a stream of molten metal.It comprises, in succession from top to bottom:a top compartment 5 for the admission of the molten metal,a treatment chamber 7 connected to the top compartment by a calibrated inlet orifice 8 and in which there opens, on the one hand, a tube 9 connected to a device for injection of powdered additive under gas pressure and, on the other hand, at least one conduit 11 for evacuation of gases, fumes and possible sullage,at least one buffer compartment 6 cooperating with a means for adjusting the discharge rate of the treated metal,a means for collecting the treated metal, for example a mould or a ladle.

Abstract: This invention relates to ladle heating methods and apparatus. More particularly, this invention pertains to rapid high temperature ladle preheating utilizing an optimized heating cycle by involving oxygen and combustion air preheated by recuperation in the fuel burning process. Controlled oxygen flow directed into the process is used to increase the heat input during the initial preheating phase and to insure maximum efficiency of the system during the soaking phase of ladle preheating. The disclosed ladle preheating station comprises a refractory lined lid including a partially open refractory ring for docking a portion of a ladle rim having a significant protrusion caused by a local accumulation of solidified metal or slag, said refractory lid opening shaped to receive said protrusion within the opening while providing a gap between said metal deposition and the refractory lid.

Abstract: A molten metal pouring cup is provided communicating with a transfer means for transferring molten metal from the pouring cup to a casting station. Vent means is provided on the pouring cup at the interface between the pouring cup and the transfer means to permit release of entrapped gas downstream of the pouring cup.

Abstract: In a method of producing a mixed gas from a process gas of a continuously working gasifier and a discontinuously incurred off-gas of an oxygen blowing converter, the off-gas of the refining process having the lower pressure is sucked into the process gas of the gasifier with the higher pressure via a gas jet ejector. The process gas serves as power gas, and subsequently the mixed gas is dedusted. A plant for producing steel includes a plant for recoverng pig iron formed by a reduction shaft furnace and a melt-down gasifier, and at least one oxygen blowing converter for converting the pig iron into steel. The reduction shaft furnace has a process or top gas duct system, the converter has a converter off-gas duct, and an ejector connects both, the converter off-gas thus being feedable into the top gas duct system to form the mixed gas. Common dedusting and washing devices are provided for the mixed gas and safety devices for preventing oxygen from entering into the mixed gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for sealing the skirt of a converter waste gas recovery system is disclosed, which includes an annular flange that is mounted about the outside surface of the converter adjacent to its mouth at a point clear outside the reach of the molten slag and metal that might spill over the rim of the converter mouth during the process of blowing. An annular sealing band is provided at the lower peripheral portion of the skirt, which runs surrounding the mouth. The annular sealing band is divided into multiple arcuate segments of a whole bandage, each pivotally disposed on a horizontal pin and connected to a separate hydraulic cylinder through its axially movable piston rod. It is so designed that the segments of the annular sealing band are individually yet simultaneously swung about their respective pins by their hydraulic cylinders into abutting contact with the external periphery of the flange providing a tight leakproof seal.

Abstract: A heat recovery and storage system for use in connection with a melting furnace. In such system, heat from the exhaust gas of a melting furnace is recovered and used to preheat scrap metal and to maintain such preheated scrap metal in its preheated form until it is charged into the melting furnace.

Abstract: An exhaust-gas treatment system for a sealed-type converter has a hood for guiding converter exhaust gas and is provided with an emergency air admission valve device communicatively connected to the hood and comprising, essentially, a valve seat communicating with a valve entrance for inflow of outside air, a valve body normally in valve closed position against the valve seat to shut off air from entering the hood, and a valve body locking device functioning to normally hold the valve body in locked state in the valve closed position and operating in an emergency to release the valve body, which thereupon separates away from the valve seat thereby to admit outside air into the hood to prevent occurrence of negative pressure in the hood.

Abstract: The installation permits continuous charging of solid material (2) such as steel scrap into a reaction vessel (1) such as a converter for steel manufacture, the steel scrap being heated by heat exchange with the gases (G) emitted from the converter. To this end, the scrap (2) is fed into a compartment (3) provided with a discharge opening placed above the mouth (6) of the converter (1) from which the hot gases (G) are emitted, the scrap (2) is displaced towards the discharge opening (5) and the hot gases (G) are aspirated so as to circulate through the scrap (2) in countercurrent flow with respect to the direction of displacement (D) of the scrap.

Abstract: A telescopic hood seals the coupling between the top of an oxygen converter and the stack during the melting and refining of iron in the converter.

Abstract: A circular traveling grate machine includes rotatable, inner and outer, rail mounted, side frame members forming the sidewalls of an annular hearth region therebetween. A plurality of individually tiltable pallets are positioned in the hearth region and are movable with the side frames along a circular pallet trackway which is positioned within the inner and outer rails of the side frames. A stationary hood is mounted above the hearth region carrying sealing flanges at its lateral edges which extend downwardly in a pair of liquid troughs carried by the rotatable side frames. A stationary windbox is situated below the pallets and is also sealed off by way of lower liquid seals coacting with the side frames. The pallets carry a pair of rotatable hanger brackets at the leading ends thereof which are latched to the undersides of the inner and outer side frames.

Abstract: A push-pull exhaust scavenging system for removal of noxious fumes emanating from the mouth of metalurgical vessels known as converters. The converter, configured as a drum disposed for rotation about the elongate longitudinal axis includes a mouth opening and an instrumentality for moving the converter mouth from a plurality of positions so as to effect the addition and deletion of substances within the converter. Conventional gas hood in overlying registry with the converter mouth allows exhaust gases to be scavenged from the converter during one state of the converter process, but rotation of the converter mouth away from the conventional gas hood requires the exhaust and intake manifold according to the instant invention including positive and negative air flow for forcing air into the exhaust conduit system. An additional exhaust conduit is provided above the conventional gas hood for further improved scavenging.

Abstract: A combination of a smelting-furnace pouring lip and casting gutter, in which the pouring lip and the casting gutter form a substantially closed system from which a discharge system arranged in connection with the smelting-furnace draws the metal vapors and flue gases through the casting pipe substantially completely.

Abstract: A system for evacuating gases from a top blown steel making converter measures any actual value pressure in a chamber between the seal of a closure ring and duct on which this ring is mounted for movement toward and away from the converter mouth, thereby preventing perturbations from affecting the measurements and allowing accurate control of the evacuating blower to balance the rate of evacuation of the gases and the rate evolution therein in the converter at least during a portion of the blow.

Abstract: A changeover device for an installation for recovery of the gases proceeding from a tilting converter placed in an enclosure connected to a fixed suction duct called the main suction duct. The main suction duct enables recovery of the gases which escape from the converter in the vertical position for blast. A secondary duct connected to one and the same suction device as the main duct enables the recovery of the gases in the converter in the inclined position for charging. The changeover device enables the suction to be exerted either in the main duct or in the secondary duct. It comprises a suction chamber having two superposed portions connected by a vertical junction duct projecting into the upper portion of the chamber. Around the junction duct there is a tank containing water. A vertically movable bell plunges into the tank in order to isolate the two portions of the chamber with respect to one another.

Abstract: A unit for diversion of a gas which may be hot, dust-laden, saturated with water vapor and containing water droplets, e.g.

Abstract: An improved smoke exhaust apparatus for a rotary welder which comprises an elongated stationary carrier having a support member mounted thereon for rotation about an upright axis. Plenum and shroud elements are vertically spaced apart and are connected to such support member for rotation therewith. The plenum is provided with intake and exhaust ports. The shroud includes a horizontally disposed plate having a depending skirt around a portion of the periphery thereof to provide an opening in the side of the shroud. Smoke inlet ports are provided in the plate and tubes connect the smoke inlet ports to the respective intake ports whereby suction applied to the exhaust ports of the plenum causes flow of air from the interior of the shroud upwardly through the smoke inlet ports, the tubing and intake ports and into the plenum from which such flow passes outwardly of the exhaust ports.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process and apparatus for the recovery of heat from exhaust or waste gases having a temperature of from about 500.degree. to about 2500.degree. F. generated in a process operation cycling between an operational mode and in idling mode utilizing an intermediate heat transfer fluid to recover heat and to use all or a portion of such recovered heat, inter alia, in such process operation.

Abstract: Hot pipes are tempered in an oil bath contained in a tapered, covered pan; a flap is temporarily opened for feeding, but closed when oil vapor develops, to be sucked off without contaminating the environment. Pan and cover structure are supplemented to prevent uncontrolled escape of vapor during treatment. Different handling devices for pipes in the interior of the pan are described.

Abstract: A system of corona injection and repelling electrodes are positioned such that airborne particulates are charged in situ and are propelled to collecting grids above a furnace, or concentrated into particle streams directed into ventilation hoods to be collected by low volume, high efficiency precipitators.

Abstract: A converter arrangement includes a tiltable converter vessel surrounded by a casing on whose ceiling a principal discharge conduit for conducting away refining gases, and a secondary discharge conduit for conducting away the smoke forming during charging and pouring, are connected. One side wall of the casing has an opening closeable by a door. The casing is widened in the tilting direction of the converter and a car carrying a charging container is movable into the widened space through the opening in the side wall. The opening can be completely closed when the car is in the moved-in position during charging and pouring off.

Abstract: A scrubber bypass damper comprises a plate pivotally-mounted to a shaft running across the bypass duct transverse to gas flow. The damper plate self-actuates and rotates about the shaft in response to any pressure differential established across it. A scrubber booster fan is disposed in the main flue at a location downstream of the scrubber and upstream of the outlet of the scrubber bypass into the main flue. When the scrubber is in operation, the pressure rise imparted to the flue gas by the scrubber booster fan is adjusted to keep the damper plate disposed transverse to gas flow through the bypass duct thereby preventing gas flow therethrough. When the scrubber is taken out-of-service, the booster fan is shutdown and the damper plate self-actuates, opening in response to pressure forces exerted on it by the induced draft fan, thus preventing over-pressurization of the furnace.

Abstract: In a converter plant including a tiltable converter surrounded by a casing to whose ceiling a principal discharge conduit for conducting away refining gases is connected, part of the casing is fastened to a charging device and is displaceable with the same. The charging device is designed as a portal crane displaceable in the direction of the tilting axis of the tiltable converter. A cellular casing part is fastened to the portal crane, is open towards the tiltable converter and has a gas-discharge opening in the ceiling. The remaining casing part is closed, and the cellular part, in the charging position and, if desired, also in the pouring-off position, closes the casing and the discharge opening lies below an additional discharge conduit for conducting away secondary emissions.

Abstract: A washer having a controlled-gap scrubber is connected to the gas outlet of a pressure blast furnace and an expansion turbine for the recovery of energy is connected downstream of the controlled-gap washer unit while a bypass is connected across the turbine. The system has operating regions A and B on a diagram in which the gas pressure is plotted along the ordinate and the volume rate of flow of gas from said blast furnace is plotted along the abscissa, the region A being defined between the turbine-insertion and the turbine-operating characteristic curves plotted on the diagram, the region B being defined between the turbine-operating characteristic curve and the corrected blast-furnace characteristic curve. The pressure in the blast furnace where the operating point is in region A while the gas traverses the turbine is controlled by varying the gap width of said control-gap washer unit in response to the pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for containing fume emanating from the surface of molten iron or slag flowing along an open stretch of runner in a casthouse comprises directing an air curtain across the open stretch of runner.