Abstract: Gas treatment systems and processes for reducing tail gas emissions such as SO2, SO3, H2SO4, NOx, HC, CO, and other pollutants are provided. The processes include transferring tail gas from at least one source of tail gas to at least one destination sulphuric acid plant via a tail gas transfer system, wherein the tail gas replaces or supplements one or more of the combustion gas, air feed, dilution gas, and quench gas used by the destination sulphuric acid plant. The systems include at least one destination sulphuric acid plant and a tail gas transfer system for transferring tail gas from at least one source of tail gas to the at least one destination sulphuric acid plant. The systems and processes described herein may be used to eliminate start-up emissions and/or convert sulphur-containing species present in tail gas emissions into commercial H2SO4.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing matte such as copper or nickel matte or crude metal such as blister copper in a suspension smelting furnace such as a flash smelting furnace or a flash converting furnace. Also provided is a suspension smelting furnace such as a flash smelting furnace or a flash converting furnace. The suspension smelting furnace comprises a reaction shaft, a settler in communication with a lower end of the reaction shaft, and an uptake shaft. The settler extending in two opposite directions from a landing zone for a jet of oxidized suspension below the reaction shaft in the settler so that the settler comprises a first settler part on a first side of the landing zone and a second settler part on an opposite second side of the landing zone.

Abstract: An apparatus and/or system and method for recycling vent gas from an autoclave is disclosed including cooling and cleaning a vent gas, introducing the cooled and cleaned resultant stream into a purification unit to remove at least a portion of the carbon dioxide and water vapor contained therein, and recycling the purified stream enriched in oxygen into the autoclave or another process requiring enriched oxygen.

Abstract: This reduction processing apparatus for a steel-making slag that continuously performs reduction processing to a hot steel-making slag by using an electric furnace includes: a slag-supplying container that charges the hot steel-making slag into the electric furnace; an electrode that is provided at the electric furnace and heats a molten slag layer on a molten iron produced by reducing the hot steel-making slag; an auxiliary-raw-material supplying unit that supplies an auxiliary-raw-material including a reducing agent to the molten slag layer; and a tilting unit that tilts the slag-supplying container and adjusts a charging amount of the hot steel-making slag to the electric furnace.

Abstract: Included are: a direct reduction furnace for reducing iron ore directly into reduced iron using a high-temperature reducing gas including hydrogen and carbon monoxide, an acid gas removal unit having an acid gas component absorber for removing, with an absorbent such as an amine-based solvent, acid gas components (CO2, H2S) in a reduction furnace flue gas discharged from the direct reduction furnace, and a regenerator for releasing the acid gas, and a degradation product removal unit for separating and removing a degradation product in the absorbent used by circulating through the absorber and the regenerator.

Abstract: A method for reducing material containing iron oxide in a solid bed in a reduction shaft and converting the material to pre-reduced material in the reduction shaft by introducing pre-reduction gas into the solid bed at a pressure p1. Pre-reduced material is introduced from the reduction shaft into a melter gasifier and there finally reduced by reduction gas under a pressure p2. A top gas at pressure p3 is diverted from above the solid bed out of the reduction shaft. A dust exhaust gas having a pressure p4 is diverted from the solid bed out of the reduction shaft. The relationships p1>p4 and p1>p3, and preferably also p4>p3, apply. A device carries out such a method.

Abstract: A system for energy optimization in a plant (3) for producing direct-reduced metal ores (3). The plant (3) has at least one reduction unit (12), a device for separating gas mixtures (7, 7a, 7b) having an associated compressing device (4, 4a, 4b), and a gas-heating device (10) upstream of the reduction unit (12). Part of the process gases (2, 2a, 2b) is fed by a feed line from a smelting reduction plant to the plant for producing direct-reduced metal ores (3). A turbine (8, 8a, 8b) is fit between the device for separating gas mixtures (7, 7a, 7b) and the gas-heating device (10) upstream of the reduction unit (12) such that a pressure drop between the device for separating gas mixtures (7, 7a, 7b) and the reduction unit (12) is converted into forms of energy that can be used to operate additional components (4, 4a, 4b, 15, 15a, 15b) of the plant (3), in particular electrical energy and/or mechanical energy. Energy consumption of the plant (3) is reduced.

Abstract: A partially-reduced iron producing apparatus includes: an exhaust gas circulating device supplying an oxygen-containing gas to raw-material pellets to be heated by ignition of raw-material pellets, the oxygen-containing gas made by circulating part of an exhaust gas by use of the heat of the ignition raw-material pellets and mixing the discharged exhaust gas with air; and a liquid-tar separating device which is provided in the exhaust gas circulating device. A partially-reduced iron is produced by heating and reducing the whole of the raw-material pellets in a bed height direction thereof through a combustion region for the raw-material pellets and a heating region for the raw-material pellets, the combustion region formed on an upstream side of an endless grate by supplying the gas having a high oxygen concentration; and the heating region formed downstream of the combustion region of the endless grate by supplying the gas having a low oxygen concentration.

Abstract: In a method and an apparatus for separating at least one gaseous component from a waste gas of an installation for producing liquid pig iron, liquid primary steel products or sponge iron, in a first step, a stream of the waste gas passes through at least one adsorption separator at a first pressure, whereby the gaseous component is largely separated from the waste gas and, in a second step, the gaseous component is largely removed from the adsorption separator at a second pressure, which is lower than the first pressure. The method and apparatus are maintenance-free, cause low investment and energy costs and has a lower space requirement by a method in which the second pressure or the desorption pressure is generated by at least one jet pump, which is fed a stream of a propellant gas at a third pressure, which is higher than the second pressure.

Abstract: A direct smelting plant for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material using a molten bath based direct smelting process is disclosed. The plant includes a plurality of crane access zones that are outboard of a gas delivery main to enable solids injection lances to be removed from and replacement lances to be positioned in openings in a side wall of a direct smelting vessel. The plant also includes a plurality of crane access zones that are inboard of the gas delivery main to enable gas injection lances to be removed from and replacement lances to be positioned in openings in the side wall of the vessel.

Abstract: Blast furnace installation having top gas recycling and process for operating same, in which the oxygen concentration of the oxidizing gas injected into the blast furnace is regulated as a function of the flow rate of the recycled top gas

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing iron oxides using microwave heating in a furnace chamber which is sealed against the entrance of air reduces the energy required and produces a low temperature reduction and allows the recovery of combustible synthetic gas as a byproduct of the process. Avoidance of the reduction of sulfur, phosphorus and silica is also insured, as is the need to reduce the silica content of the feed material prior to reducing the ore. A continuous rotary hearth furnace, a rotary kiln, a linear conveyor and vertical shaft furnace chamber configurations are described. A secondary heating zone can also be included to process the reduced iron into iron nuggets or liquid metallic iron.

Abstract: Methods and systems for the production of direct reduced iron, including: removing a top gas from a direct reduction furnace; carbon monoxide shifting the top gas using a carbon monoxide shift reactor to form a carbon monoxide shifted top gas having a reduced carbon monoxide content; adding one of a coal gas, a synthesis gas, and an export gas to at least a portion of the carbon monoxide shifted top gas to form a combined gas; removing carbon dioxide from the combined gas using a carbon dioxide removal unit to form a carbon dioxide lean combined gas; and providing the carbon dioxide lean combined gas to the direct reduction furnace as a reducing gas for producing direct reduced iron after heating to reduction temperature. Optionally, the method includes removing carbon dioxide from the top gas using a carbon dioxide removal unit prior to carbon monoxide shifting the top gas.

Abstract: Modern steel production processes require precise knowledge of the current composition and temperature of the liquid metal being processed. In particular during steel production in a converter, high match rates for final carbon content and bath temperature are required. Quantitatively precise blowing of oxygen corresponding to the final target carbon content, and the metal temperature, are decisive factors affecting the economic efficiency of the process and the quality of the steel produced. In order to allow relatively precise process monitoring, various processes and procedures are known, the application thereof being based on measuring exhaust gas composition and on mass flow balances. All models work at an exactness that depends on the precision of the input data, particularly with respect to the weight data of the raw materials and the chemical properties of the metal used.

Abstract: A process for heating a metal feedstock (31) fed in continuous to a smelting furnace (30) through a second horizontal heating section (34) through which hot discharge fumes collected from said furnace (30) pass, said fumes exerting a heating phase of said feedstock (31), characterized in that, immediately before entering said second heating section (34), the feedstock (31) is subjected to a preheating phase by heating means other than the discharge fumes collected from the smelting furnace (30). In a plant for the embodiment of said process, said different heating means are envisaged inside a first preheating section (33), which is operatively connected with said second heating section (34) by means of an intermediate fume evacuation section (35), the fumes coming from said sections (33) and (34) being conveyed to said section. Said sections (33, 34) preferably have a tunnel configuration.

Abstract: A portable thermal oven includes a metal frame and a plurality of terracotta panels disposed inside of the frame and defining an enclosed chamber having a front panel, a rear panel, two opposite side panels, a top panel and a bottom panel. The furnace also includes a terracotta door hingedly disposed in the front panel and including a handle on one side thereof for opening and closing the door. A plurality of gas manifolds and a plurality of gas burners are disposed on each of the two opposite sides of the chamber and a ventilation hatch is disposed in the top panel for exhausting fumes and excess heat. A first and a second gas cylinder and pipes for connecting the gas cylinders to the manifolds for supplying gas and/or air to the manifolds are also provided.

Abstract: A process for producing pig iron or liquid primary steel products is provided. Charge materials containing iron ore and, if appropriate, additions are reduced in at least one reduction unit by means of a reducing gas, and at least parts thereof are smelted in a smelting unit, with coal being added and with formation of the reducing gas. Reducing gas from the smelting unit and/or top gas from the reduction unit are/is subjected to cleaning. The process water obtained during the wet cleaning is degassed and in the process volatile organic compounds are removed from the process water.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a smelting operation or the like, by which molten metal is produced from a metal oxide after metal oxide agglomerates are directly reduced and melted with a carbonaceous material in an electric heating and melting furnace. More specifically, the present invention relates to an electric furnace for producing molten metal that has material recycling capability, especially in-process material recycling capability.

Abstract: A system for controlling emissions of gas and dust during transfer of a hot feed material from a movable transfer container to a stationary feed bin of a furnace. The system includes an upper duct section which is associated with the movable transfer container, and a lower duct section associated with the feed bin. The lower duct section is attached to a main collection duct with a dust collection fan. The two duct sections are brought into close proximity with one another when the transfer container is brought into position for discharge to the feed bin, so as to form a continuous gas passage throughout the duct sections.

Abstract: Extracting gallium and/or arsenic from materials comprising gallium arsenide is generally disclosed. In some example embodiments, a material comprising gallium arsenide may be exposed to a first heating condition to form a first exhaust. The first exhaust may be directed to an arsenic collection bed including aluminum, which may form aluminum arsenide. The material including gallium arsenide may be exposed to a second heating condition and/or a vacuum may be applied, which may form a second exhaust. The second exhaust may be directed to a gallium collection bed including aluminum, which may form gallium alloys of aluminum.

Abstract: A preheat charging system for preheating scrap metal prior to delivery to a melting furnace. The system includes a preheating station having a heating chamber adapted to receive scrap metal. Hot gas from a burner chamber is circulated around the scrap metal. The burner chamber is adapted to receive exhaust gas from a hot exhaust gas source such as a melting furnace. A burner apparatus is mounted within the burner chamber in a flow path of an exhaust inlet port. The burner is configured to supply supplemental heat on demand to the heating chamber to supplement the hot exhaust gas. A first fan can be provided to direct exhaust air from a furnace to the burner chamber. A second fan can be provided for directing air into the burner apparatus.

Abstract: Disclosed is a molten metal producing device capable of effectively preventing a hanging of a metal agglomerate raw material layer and capable of reliably removing hanging even if the hanging occurs. Raw material for forming the raw material layer (A) and metal agglomerate raw material (B) are charged in this order from raw material charging chutes (4,4) at either end portion (2,2) of a stationary non-tilting arc furnace in the width direction of the furnace so as to form raw material layers (12) each having a sloping surface extending downward to the portions of electrodes (5) disposed in a central region in the furnace width direction and metal agglomerate raw material layers (13) on the slopes, respectively. Molten iron is produced by sequentially melting lower end portions of the metal agglomerate raw material layers (13) by arc heating at the electrodes (5).

Abstract: A carbonaceous-based metallizing method and apparatus wherein a metallic oxide is converted into a carbon-containing, metallized intermediate that is melted in an induction channel furnace to produce liquid metal from said metallic oxide. In the application of iron ore in the form of fines or concentrate, using low-cost coal will greatly reduce capital and operating costs by virtue of eliminating agglomeration of ore, cokemaking, and blast furnace operation. The liquid iron so produced is efficiently converted into steel in a steelmaking furnace such as a basic oxygen furnace (BOF), especially when it is physically integrated to the induction channel furnace wherein the liquid iron is directly poured into the integrated BOF by the induction channel furnace, producing low-cost steel, little heat loss, and minimum emissions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a production device of which secondary combustion efficiency can be further improved when a molten metal is produced by directly reducing and melting a metal agglomerate raw material layer in an electric heating furnace. Specifically, material charging chutes (4, 4) are disposed at either end portion (2, 2) of a furnace in the width direction of the furnace. Electrodes (5) are disposed in a central region in the furnace width direction. Secondary combustion burners (6) are disposed in an upper portion (1) of the furnace having stepped portions descending from both end portions (2, 2) in the furnace width direction to the electrodes (5). Raw material layers (12) each having a downslope inclined to lower portions of the electrodes (5) are formed in advance by charging a carbonaceous material (A) from the chutes (4, 4), and metal agglomerate raw material layers (13) are formed on the slopes of the raw material layers (12) by charging metal agglomerate raw material (B).

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of—a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or steam (H2O) with—gaseous hydrocarbons, the fuel gas for burners which provide the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is obtained at least partially from a partial quantity of the top gas produced during the reduction of metal oxides to form metalized material, wherein this partial quantity of the top gas, before it is used as a component of the fuel gas, is firstly subjected to dedusting and then to a CO conversion reaction, and the conversion gas obtained during the CO conversion reaction is subjected to CO2 removal after cooling.

Abstract: In a process and apparatus for the reduction of metal oxides (3) to form metalized material by contact with hot reducing gas, which is produced at least partially by catalytic reformation of a mixture of a gas containing carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or steam (H2O) with gaseous hydrocarbons, the heat for the endothermal reformation processes which take place during the reformation is provided at least partially by the combustion of a fuel gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing direct reduced iron and/or hot metal using high-moisture content carbonaceous material, including: agglomerating carbonaceous material from the high-moisture content carbonaceous material with a metal oxide-bearing material to form an agglomerate suitable for use in a direct reduction and/or hot metal producing process. The method also includes distilling the high-moisture content carbonaceous material. The method further includes dry quenching the carbonaceous material obtained from the distilling step. The method still further includes drying the high-moisture content carbonaceous material with energy from a hot off gas from a furnace for producing direct reduced iron and/or hot metal prior to the distilling step.

Abstract: A continuous scrap feed into an electric smelting furnace (EAF) having a channel connected at one end to an opening in a wall of the smelting furnace and has at its other end a charging device for the scrap. An extraction device for the off-gases which are guided through the channel serve to preheat the scrap, this extraction device being connected to the channel between the two ends of the channel located closer to the smelting furnace than the scrap feed in relation to the total length of the channel. The extraction device is a single-stage blower whose intake opening is oriented in the direction of the smelting furnace, and the clear cross section of the channel between the extraction device and the scrap feed is adapted to the amount of scrap so that the height of the scrap charge substantially fills the clear cross section.

Abstract: The present invention provides a processing method for converting slag ejected from a converter in a copper smelting process to raw materials for iron manufacture. The processing method is for converter slag containing 1 mass % or more of Cu produced in a copper smelting process. The processing method comprises a step of charging the converter slag in a reduction furnace, and a step of conducting a heat reduction of a zinc content and a copper content contained in the slag and removing a reduced zinc by volatilization in the reduction furnace. The removal of the reduced zinc by volatilization is conducted in a condition in which an air fuel ratio of a volume of air blowing to an input of a reductant is controlled to 0.25 to 1.0.

Abstract: A system for controlling emissions of gas and dust during transfer of a hot feed material from a movable transfer container to a stationary feed bin of a furnace. The system includes an upper duct section which is associated with the movable transfer container, and a lower duct section associated with the feed bin. The lower duct section is attached to a main collection duct with a dust collection fan. The two duct sections are brought into close proximity with one another when the transfer container is brought into position for discharge to the feed bin, so as to form a continuous gas passage throughout the duct sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that converts iron ore into reduced materials by reducing and plasticizing the iron ore, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced materials are charged and oxygen is injected such that the melter-gasifier manufactures molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a gas injector that injects a gas into the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to remove stagnating layers.

Abstract: Combined microwave heating and plasma/electric arc heating is utilized in several processes and apparatus which involve co-production of pig iron and high quality syngas, biomass to liquid fuel production, coal to liquid fuel production, co-gasification of biomass and coal, municipal solid waste treatment, waste-to-energy (agriculture waste, ASR and PEF), EAF dust and BOF sludge treatment to recover zinc and iron, hazardous bottom ash vitrification, and bromine, chlorine and sulfur removal/recycling.

Abstract: An integrated system for blast furnace iron making and power production based upon higher levels of oxygen enrichment in the blast gas is disclosed. The integrated system leads to; 1) enhanced productivity in the blast furnace, 2) more efficient power production, and 3) the potential to more economically capture and sequester carbon dioxide. Oxygen enhances the ability of coal to function as a source of carbon and to be gasified within the blast furnace thereby generating an improved fuel-containing top gas.

Abstract: A dust discharging system for a blast furnace includes a dust collector for collecting flue dust from flue gas produced from the blast furnace, a first discharge conduit connected to the dust collector, a separator connected to the first discharge conduit for separating residual flue gas present in the flue dust, and an airtight tank disposed below the first discharge conduit to receive the flue dust in a dry state separated from the residual flue gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for producing lead and zinc from concentrates of zinc and lead sulfides or oxides, including: a source of zinc ore and/or lead ore concentrates, iron bearing and carbon containing materials; metallic iron fines and iron oxide fines; carbonaceous reductant; fluxing agent; and a binder; a mixer for forming a mixture from said concentrates and other materials; an agglomerator communicating with the mixer for forming agglomerates from the mixture; a melting furnace for melting the mixture and vaporizing lead and zinc; a pressure sealed feed system communicating with the agglomerator and the melting furnace for introducing agglomerates to the melting furnace; a pressure sealed chamber surrounding the melting furnace; a water-cooled condenser for receiving the vaporized metal and cooling and condensing the metal vapors to liquid metal; a tapping device communicating with the condenser for removing the liquid metal; and associated devices for separating the zinc and lead and recovering the lead and zinc me

Abstract: A process for the direct reduction of iron ore when the external source of reductants is one or both of coke oven gas (COG) and basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is removed from a mixture of shaft furnace off gas, obtained from a conventional direct reduction shaft furnace, and BOFG. This CO2 lean gas is mixed with clean COG, humidified, and heated in an indirect heater. Oxygen (O2) is injected into the heated reducing gas. This hot reducing gas flows to the direct reduction shaft furnace for use. The spent hot reducing gas exits the direct reduction shaft furnace as shaft furnace off gas, produces steam in a waste heat boiler, is cleaned in a cooler scrubber, and is compressed and recycled to join fresh BOFG. A portion of the shaft furnace off gas is sent to the heater burners. The BOFG and COG are also employed for a variety of other purposes in the process.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing molten iron includes i) at least one fluidized-bed reduction reactor that reduces and plasticizes iron ore and converts the iron ore into reduced materials, ii) a melter-gasifier into which the reduced ore is charged and oxygen is injected, the melter-gasifier manufacturing molten iron, and iii) a reducing gas supply line that supplies a reducing gas discharged from the melter-gasifier to the fluidized-bed reduction reactor. The fluidized-bed reduction reactor includes a cyclone that is installed in the fluidized-bed reduction reactor to collect fine iron ore. A gas injector, which prevents the fine ore from adhering by injecting gas containing carbon, is connected to the cyclone.

Abstract: A rotary hearth furnace includes an exhaust gas eductor. The exhaust gas eductor includes a compartment-defining portion and an exhaust duct. The compartment-defining portion is provided on part of a ceiling of the rotary hearth furnace in an exhaust gas discharge region, and an exhaust duct is connected to the compartment-defining portion. The lower surface of the compartment-defining portion lies higher than the lower surface of the other portion of the ceiling. The compartment-defining portion defines a compartment where the exhaust gas stays. The exhaust duct can include a cooling medium injection nozzle. The furnace increases fuel efficiency by completely burning combustible components remaining in exhaust gas generated in the rotary hearth furnace so as to use the combustible components efficiently for the heating and reduction reaction in the rotary hearth furnace, without problems in producing reduced iron.

Abstract: A to-be-burned object including a metal Si component or SiC or Si3N4 can be burned in such a manner that vaporized SiO can be safely exhausted without causing SiO attached to a wall of a furnace or an inner face of an exhaust duct. An exhaust method of a continuous furnace for continuously burning a to-be-burned object containing a metal Si component or highly-fire-resistant SiC or Si3N4 includes steps of 1) exhausting in-furnace gas including SiO vaporized during a burning process. An exhaust duct 2 used for this exhaust is provided at an upper part of a side wall 12 of the furnace having a higher temperature (1300 degrees C. or more) than a concentration temperature of SiO vaporized during a burning process. 2) oxidizing the exhausted SiO at the outside of the furnace to detoxify SiO. The in-furnace gas exhausted by the exhaust duct 2 is guided to an exhaust pipe 3 connected to an outlet of the exhaust duct 2 at the outside of the furnace. This exhaust pipe 3 includes oxygen supply holes 31a and 31b.

Abstract: A method and measurement system for the control of an active charge surface in a low pressure carburizing process can avoid formation of by-products and achieve regular carburized layers. This can be achieved through sampling of outlet gas at a specified time and comparison with experimentally set model characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of operating a converter, in particular a Peirce-Smith converter or a converter with similar design or mode of operation, and to an apparatus, for instance a plant, for carrying out the method. The method comprises the step of: loading the converter with a starting material comprising said metal, the metal in the starting material being chemically bound at least in part to at least one compound substance, in particular sulphur; maintaining a temperature within the converter interior space, which is above the melting temperature of the starting material; and supplying an oxygen-containing process gas into the converter interior space through injection nozzles arranged in the wall of the converter, the gas supplied through the injection nozzles comprising carbon dioxide, preferably very cold, technically pure carbon dioxide, as well as oxygen gas and/or air.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate generally to systems used to measure mercury in gaseous emissions. In one aspect, the invention is directed to the use of silicon carbide as material for a thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, at least one of silicon nitride, silicon boride, and/or boron nitride is used as material for a thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to an improved pyrolyzer design, in which a thermal pyrolysis unit comprises a tailpiece that allows water to be injected at the heated exit of the thermal pyrolysis unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the use of a coalescing filter in a scrubbing unit. In another aspect, the invention is directed to the use of a hydrophobic filter element in a scrubbing unit. One or more of these elements may be used in a conditioning module of a continuous emissions monitoring system, for example.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for treating a exhaust gas which is generated when slag discharged from a smelting furnace for non-ferrous metal is water-granulated. There is provided a process for treating an exhaust gas, which is generated during water granulation of slag discharged from a smelting furnace for non-ferrous metal, containing the water vapor as a major component and metal fumes, the process comprising a step of treating the exhaust gas by a wet electrostatic precipitator.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of integrating a plurality of blast furnaces with a plurality of air gas separation units, in which the replacement blower available on the blast furnace site is used to feed compressed air into an air gas separation unit making it possible to enrich the blast-furnace blast with oxygen, this unit being stopped when one of the blowers of the blast furnaces has to be replaced with the blower used by the air gas separation unit.

Abstract: Offgas containing carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide that is produced in the reduction of ores and other metal oxides in a reactor is treated to reduce its carbon dioxide content and is then contacted with metal oxide to reduce the oxidation state of the metal and oxidize carbon monoxide therein to carbon dioxide, following which the reduced metal is oxidized with steam to produce hydrogen that can be fed to the reactor.

Abstract: An integrated system for blast furnace iron making and power production based upon higher levels of oxygen enrichment in the blast gas is disclosed. The integrated system leads to; 1) enhanced productivity in the blast furnace, 2) more efficient power production, and 3) the potential to more economically capture and sequester carbon dioxide. Oxygen enhances the ability of coal to function as a source of carbon and to be gasified within the blast furnace thereby generating an improved fuel-containing top gas.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing fine particles includes a reactor; a first inlet part including at least one port introducing a reactive gas flow containing a fine particle source material; a second inlet part including at least one port introducing a diluting gas flow; a heater exciting the fine particle source material in the reactive gas flow; a first plate including through-holes which substantially equalize a flow rate of the reactive gas flow with respect to a cross section of a flow channel; a second plate including through-holes which substantially equalize a flow rate of the diluting gas flow with respect to a cross section of a flow channel; a gas exhaust port provided in a merging region where the reactive gas flow passed through the first plate and the diluting gas flow passed through the second plate are merged; and a collector which collects fine particles.

Abstract: A method of processing materials at multiple work sites that prevents contamination of the atmosphere. The method includes providing a plurality of work sites containing workpieces, positioning a track connecting the sites, providing a mobile system comprising an enclosure and a treatment system in communication with a space enclosed by the enclosure, moving the mobile system so that the enclosure surrounds the workpieces on the first site, processing those workpieces, moving the mobile system along the track as a single unit onto a second work site, and processing those workpieces on the second site. The enclosure may be readily openable at opposing portions facing the track to enable the enclosure to pass over workpieces on the plurality of work sites. Additionally, a method of constructing an operation for processing workpieces is provided.

Abstract: A process for denoxification of off-gases from annealing and pickling lines, providing for the off-gases from the pickling section to be heated and denoxified by selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In order to secure the meeting of lowest NOx values in the off-gas with the lowest possible expenditure, heat is supplied from the off-gases from the annealing furnace (1) to the off-gases from the pickling section (3) before the selective catalytic reduction (9).

Abstract: A direct smelting process for producing molten metal from a metalliferous feed material in a direct smelting vessel is disclosed. The process includes using a stream of off-gas from the vessel as a fuel gas in (i) stoves for generating a hot blast of air or oxygen-enriched air for the process and (ii) a waste heat recovery apparatus for generating steam for the process. The process also includes controlling pressure in the vessel by controlling pressure in the off-gas stream while the process is producing molten metal.