Abstract: For a molten metal stirring lance a steel tubular member is coated interiorly with wax, for instance, and a refractory material plug is cast in the member. The plug extends from one end of the member and leaves a clear space near the other end. Melting the wax out leaves a thin gas passageway gap around the plug. The end having the clear space is capped and connected to a gas feed pipe which is surrounded by a stiffener member. The latter member is convered with a refractory material protective sheath. The refractory material in the tubular member erodes or ablates by a small amount during each use in molten metal to keep the gas discharge gap clear.

Abstract: A blast pipe (2) primarily intended for introducing gas, such as oxygen gas, into molten metal in metallurgical processes, such as steel manufacturing processes, including a pipe element (1) made preferably of steel and coated at least externally with at least one protective layer (3). The blast pipe (2) is particularly characterized by the fact that the pipe element (1) is provided with an external, preferably high compact layer (3,4) which mainly comprises organic fibres, preferably wood fibres in the form of paper, and by the fact that the fibre layer (3,4) is preferably completely or partially impregnated with a refractory substance.

Abstract: A method of oxygen lancing for a copper-producing converter. An oxygen-enriched gas, such as oxygen-enriched air or pure oxygen, having a gage pressure of at least 1 kg/cm.sup.2 is blown onto the surface of a molten bath through at least one top lancing tube of the non-immersion type having a lower end located within the converter and held at a height within 0.4 m above the surface of the bath as measured when the bath is at a standstill, while air is simultaneously blown into the bath through tuyeres.

Abstract: An acceleration nozzle for particles entrained in a carrier gas comprises a first central nozzle having a first diverging cross-section, and an extension nozzle section extending from the first nozzle. The extension nozzle section has a flare or diverging angle which is greater than that of the first acceleration nozzle. The nozzle extension is surrounded about its mouth or opening by a second nozzle forming a casing or housing therearound; the second nozzle being connected to a source of gas. In a preferred embodiment, instead of utilizing two distinct gas sources to supply the first acceleration nozzle and the second "housing" nozzle, a portion of the gas passing through the acceleration nozzle may be diverted by means of slits built into the latter. The slits act as a separator of the gaseous phases and solid particles, and prevent the solid particles from penetrating the second nozzle.

Abstract: A multi-purpose pyrometallurgical process enhancing device for metallurgical furnaces can be employed in oxy-fuel burner mode for preheating and melting of solid charge, in an oxygen injecting lance mode for decarburization of molten metal in metallurgical furnaces, in particular in melting electric arc furnaces, plasma arc furnaces and basic oxygen furnaces, and in an injector mode for injecting solid materials; the device includes a pivotally mounted water cooled generally arcuate body which can be pivoted into and out of a furnace vessel through a small opening in the shell wall for optimal positioning of the oxy-fuel flame against solid charge, in the burner mode; or injection of oxygen vertically downwardly into the molten metal at supersonic speed, in the oxygen lance mode; in one embodiment the arcuate body can be rotated about its longitudinal axis for directing the oxy-fuel flame towards a cold spot in the furnace; the tip of the arcuate body includes a replaceable, multi-opening nozzle, mounted in a

Abstract: A liquid-cooled lance for blowing oxygen onto a bath of molten steel, has a tip (1) with at least one outlet from which a primary supply of oxygen is blown onto the bath, a central duct (2) for the supply of the primary oxygen surrounded by a double tube system (3,4) for supply and removal of cooling fluid, a plurality of secondary outlets (15) disposed around the lance in a conical widening of the lance axially spaced from the tip for blowing a secondary supply of oxygen and a plurality of secondary ducts (8, 9) extending along the lance for supply of the secondary oxygen to the secondary outlets. To obtain a high maximum possible scrap addition, and good control of final oxygen blowing temperature, there are at least eight of the secondary outlets (15) each having a diameter d.sub.s which satisfies the condition d.sub.s /1<0.02 where 1 is the axial distance between the outlets for respectively the primary and secondary oxygen.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing molten metals and/or slags thereof which involves top-blowing at least one reduction gas stream wherein fine grained coal or coke particles and injected for covering the surface of the molten metal beyond the blow impression formed by the reduction gas stream. The particles of the stream are at least partially gasified into a carbon monoxide (CO) contained reduction gas stream before they hit the metal surface, so that a mixture of carbon monoxide and coke is blown onto the metal surface together with the reduction gas stream. The coke particles are then radially moved toward the outside of the blow impression at all sides to form a thin veil beyond the perimeter of the blow impressions.

Abstract: A nozzle (4,5) for an injection lance, which is intended for injecting primarily powderous material into a metal bath, such as a steel bath, freely in a bath or in a casting nozzle, and which comprises preferably an outer, preferably ceramic pipe (1) and an inner, preferably metallic pipe (2), in which said material is intended, usually pneumatically, to be transported all the way to the tip (3) of the lance, at which tip the powderous material is intended to pass out through at least one nozzle (4,5) comprising a through passageway (6) for said material.The nozzle according to the invention is especially characterized in that the nozzle (4,5) is made of a material with high wear resistance and with a fusion point, which is higher than the fusion point of the material, into which the injection is to be made, for example steel.

Abstract: A safety arrangement in a so-called gas-cutting lance (1) arranged to be connected at one end (2) thereof, the attachment end, to a gas-supply handle (3) or like means for causing gas, primarily oxygen gas, to flow through the lance. The lance comprises a hollow tube (5) which preferably houses a core (6) of, for example, closely packed filaments (7). The tube and the core comprise a material having a high iron content and are intended to melt progressively at the free end of the lance and to burn, to oxidize, at least in part.The arrangement is characterized in that preferably at least the lance (1) includes at least one substantially tubular sleeve (8,9) or like member in the vicinity of the attachment end (2) of the lance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ladle for the chlorination in co-flow mode of aluminium alloys in a molten state.It is divided by a vertical partition (6) which, with the bottom, leaves a space (7) for the flow of the metal, into a feed compartment (8) and a treatment compartment (9) in which a chlorinated gas distributor rotor (10) is immersed. It is characterized in that the treatment compartment is closed at its base by a horizontal wall (13) which extends at the level of the bottom of the partition and which is apertured at its center by an opening whose axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotor.It is used in the removal of magnesium from aluminium alloys and, with ladles of a capacity of close to 1 m.sup.3 and which can therefore be easily maneuvered, it makes it possible to attain treatment capacities of the order of 20 T/hour with suitable levels of efficiency in regard to the removal of magnesium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for accelerating solid particles entrained in a carrier gas so as to maximize the velocity of the particles at the output end of a duct is presented. This maximized or optimal acceleration is achieved by varying the cross section of the duct over at least the last 5 meters upstream from the opening thereof. Preferrably, the cross section of the duct should continuously increase i.e. diverge, towards the opening. This diverging cross section is preferrably in accordance with a nonlinear function of the length.

Abstract: An arrangement for cleaning a lance head of a lance introducible into a metallurgical vessel includes a cleaning head being in contact with the lance head during the cleaning procedure and surrounding the lance head. The cleaning head and the lance are relatively movable in the direction of the axis of the lance. In order to be able to carefully clean the lance head on its side facing the melt bath present in the metallurgical vessel by preventing the penetration of slag during the measuring procedure between the measuring and/or sampling probe and the end face of the lance, the cleaning head and the lance are placeable into an aligned position by an adjustment device. The cleaning head is settable into a rotational movement reciprocating about the axis of the lance by an oscillation device.

Abstract: A nitrogen bubbling lance for a hot metal ladle having a refractory lining has a refractory body shaped to facilitate the positioning of the lance in a vertical groove in the side wall of the ladle so as to become part of the refractory lining. A tubular member is positioned longitudinally within the lance and communicates with one or more openings in the lower side wall thereof communicating with the interior of the ladle and the molten hot metal therein. The openings are plugged with porous or nonporous material. Nitrogen introduced through the tubular member is delivered through the openings and/or the porous plugs to bubble upwardly through the molten hot metal in a stirring action.

Abstract: For the introducing gases, wires and powders to metal melts, a multi-ducted refractory body is installed in the wall of a vessel for the melt. The body has passage closing elements preventing melt entering the passages (A, B, C). Two passages (A and C) serve respectively for introducing gas, and fluidized powders, to the melt; each has a movable pipe (for gas or fluidized powder). Upon moving the gas pipe towards the melt, it dislodges closing element whereby gas from the pipe can enter the melt via capillar bores. Wire is fed along passage (B) to the melt: when it reaches the closing element the wire can itself dislodge this element to gain access to the melt. A method of introducing substances to liquid related to use of this apparatus is disclosed, as well as metallurgical process involving the method.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for gasifying a solid carbonaceous material such as coal is disclosed in which powdery coal is top-blown together with oxygen gas and steam onto a molten metal bath through a non-immersing multihole lance, said powdery coal is blown separately from the oxygen gas and steam, and the steam is commingled with the oxygen gas within the lance before they are injected out of the lance.

Abstract: An air cooled refractory lance useful for either inert gas stirring or injection of oxygen into molten metal has an elongated refractory body having an axial bore terminating inwardly of one end in which several metal conduits are positioned with one of the conduits extending outwardly of the refractory body and forming a support and a conduit for air being introduced into the lance for cooling. Another of the conduits extends completely through the refractory body in coaxial relation and provides a path for a gas stream directed therethrough.

Abstract: A blowing apparatus for simultaneously delivering gaseous and solid materials to a hot metal melt during refining is presented. The blowing apparatus or blowing lance provides a novel structure of an inner block, an outer block housing, and tubing wherein incompatible materials (i.e., oxygen and carbon) may be safely and simultaneously delivered by use of a protective structure which also functions as a cooling device. The blowing lance further includes a variety of nozzles for blowing materials both above and below the surface of the metal pool.

Abstract: In an in-line refining vessel (50) having one or more submerged porous plugs (20) for bubbling gasses through the molten metal (47) to stir the slag layer (46) covering same, an oxygen lance (40) for effectively oxygenating the melt from above. A plurality of such devices may be used in a single vessel.

Abstract: A porous nozzle for blowing gas through a bath of steel, comprises a body (1) of solid porous material, having on its upper face a bushing (2) for securing the body to the end of a blowing lance. The body is formed with a central cylindrical cavity (3) which is in communication with the interior of the bushing (2) for receiving an inert gas from the lance. A large mesh grill (4) which is embedded in the body, encloses the central cavity (3) so as to reinforce the porous material of the body (1). A metal ring (5) is secured about the bushing (2), and the grill (4) is welded to this metal ring (5). There is an anchoring member (6) welded to the periphery of the bushing (2) so as to fasten more securely the porous material constituting the body (1), this anchoring member being embedded in the porous material. The anchoring member (6) is cylindrical and lies outside of and is concentric with the grill (4 ).

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously refining molten crude lead including a furnace for removal of antimony from the crude lead regardless of whether the crude lead does or does not contain arsenic and/or tin. The furnace is of the reverberatory type having a plurality of transverse walls dividing the interior thereof and thus the lead into a number of distinct but connected compartments with the passageways through the transverse walls being staggered so that molten lead passes along a zigzag or tortuous path through the furnace which is lined with a refractory material. Air is injected into the molten crude lead as it passes from the inlet end of the furnace to the discharge end for progressive softening of the crude lead. The low antimony content slags produced near the lead discharge end of the furnace becomes progressively enriched in antimony as they react with the higher antimony content metal as they pass toward the lead inlet end where they are discharged at a slag overflow device.

Abstract: A nozzle is disclosed for use in the decarburization of molten pig iron by means of a jet of oxygen from a lance provided with such nozzle. The nozzle according to the invention is characterized by a divergent portion which, beyond the neck, has a frustoconical part, with an apex angle of between 60.degree. and 70.degree. and preferably between 62.degree. and 66.degree., and wherein an angle of 65.degree. is preferred. The nozzle according to the invention can be used in particular for the decarburization of chromium containing pig iron and makes it possible to achieve very high chromium and iron yields.

Abstract: An exothermic cutting electrode or burning bar having an oxidizable metal fluid conduit (tube) surrounded by a mass of metal similar to that of the fluid tube, the entire structure covered with an outer oxidizable metallic tube and/or an electrically insulating water impervious cover, either end of the electrode being adapted for connection to a source of oxidizing fluid and electric current, so that, an arc can be struck between a workpiece and the free end of the electrode to produce a cutting flame. By proper selection of the type and mass of the materials of construction the electrode will burn after the electric current has been turned off.

Abstract: A refractory clad metallurgical lance comprises a temperature sensing thermocouple means in combination with an internal gas conduit encased within exterior refractory cladding material wherein the conduit provides a passage way for transmitting inert gas under pressure. The thermocouple means is disposed within the refractory cladding and directed radially outward toward the outer peripherary of the refractory cladding whereby the temperature sensing portion is located near the peripheral surface of the cladding. The thermocouple is disposed within a ceramic protective tube which in turn is embedded within the refractory material secured around the internal gas conduit. In use, the metallurgical lance is operative to process molten metal by submerging the lower portion of the lance below the molten metal surface and bubbling inert gas through the metal while simultaneously directly measuring the temperature of the molten metal.

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for the refining of a molten metal overlain by a slag and in which cold solids are introduced, e.g. in the form of metal scrap. According to the invention the heat necessary to melt the scrap and prevent undue cooling of the bath is generated by directing a jet of neutral gas entraining carbon against the surface of the melt perpendicularly thereto at Mach 1.5 to Mach 2.5, while refining oxygen is directed at the surface from jets inclined to the carbon entraining jet and the melt is bottomblown by neutral gas to prevent excessive foaming of the slag.

Abstract: A gas-injection lance has a main tube centered on an axis and having a lower end formed adjacent the axis with a plurality of throughgoing inner orifices and an upper end to which is fed a treatment gas under pressure that pressurizes the interior of the tube therewith sufficiently that the gas exits from the lower end through the inner orifices at supersonic speed. An annular array of nozzles traversing the lower tube end around the inner orifices each have an outer end opening outside of the tube and an inner end inside the tube. Respective pressure-reducers each have one side open at the lower tube end inside the tube and another side connected to the inner end of a respective nozzle for passing gas from the interior of the tube into the nozzles with a substantial pressure reduction so that the gas exits from the outer ends of the nozzles at subsonic speed.

Abstract: A liquid cooled lance is used to blow a primary supply of oxygen at the surface of a molten steel bath to form a burning spot. a central duct in the lance delivers the primary supply of oxygen to the tip. A secondary supply of oxygen is blown from nozzles around the side of the lance to burn up CO from the burning spot and so heat the bath. Several conduits run in parallel within the lance to deliver the secondary oxygen to the nozzles. There is preferably one conduit per nozzle. The conduits may run within an annular coolant duct, and preferably comprise, at least in part, pipes in the form of a winding around the lance axis. This construction has good resistance to thermal expansion stresses.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rotary gas dispersion device for the treatment of a bath of liquid metal such as aluminum and its alloys, comprising a cylindrical rotor equipped with blades immersed in the bath, connected to a hollow control shaft for the supply of gas, and is characterized in that the rotor is pierced by oblique ducts coupled to radial ducts in which the metal and the gas circulate respectively before being mixed at the point where these ducts join up, emerging in the bath so as to form a fine dispersion which is then distributed in the said bath by means of blades.

Abstract: In an arrangement for the production of steel from solid and/or liquid charging materials, such as pig iron, heavy scrap and light scrap, a liftable and lowerable heating-refining arrangement and, if desired an arrangement for supplying further additions are positioned in a refactorily lined refining vessel. In order to be able to use as high a scrap portion of the materials charged as possible without substantially increasing the time required until the end of the refining operation per charge, the heating-refining arrangement consists of a plasma burner, a jacket surrounding the plasma burner for supplying oxygen, and a cooling jacket surrounding that jacket, a counter-electrode being arranged in the bottom of the refining vessel.

Abstract: An oxygen lance has an improved coolant passage construction for cooling the distal end of the tip, said construction being characterized by coolant channels radiating from a central region and successively subdividing coolant flow flow in the radially outward direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for injecting a gas-laden refining agent into molten metal in a ladle comprises a multinozzle lance which has a plurality of introduction tubes in a lance body and a plurality of nozzles mounted in the lance body and connected to the introduction tubes, the nozzles opening substantially tangentially to an outer circumferential surface of the lance body. Each of the nozzles is molded of boron nitride and in the form of a conical taper which becomes progressively smaller in diameter toward the outer circumferential surface of the lance body. There is a system for independently distributing the gas-laden refining agent under pressure through a plurality of feed pipes which are connected to the introduction tubes, respectively, of the multinozzle lance.

Abstract: The device consists of a retractible tuyere which can be used with different types of steel melting furnaces, or any other metallurgical vessel. Said tuyere is introduced in the liquid steel bath to make the controlled refining of the same by means of gaseous oxygen injection with any other innert gas, generally argon.The retractible tuyere consists of two concentric pipes. Through the annular gap between the pipes a cooling gas or liquid fluid is injected, which is generally an hydrocarbon.Through the center pipe a refining gas mixture is injected. The system also consists of a cooled tuyere holding box and a fluid control and injection system.The tuyere is generally introduced through an opening made in the side wall of the furnace, in a way that the tip of the same is located below the liquid steel level. Due to the retractible characteristic of the tuyere, the same is introduced in the bath only during the time required by the process.

Abstract: A method for producing liquid iron, especially for producing liquid iron directly from iron ore, mainly comprising the steps of saturating an iron bath in a container by blowing particulate carbon into the bath, dropping iron ore onto a central portion of the bath surface to form a cone of iron ore thereon, blowing oxygen onto an uncovered border zone of the bath surface, blowing particulate carbon by means of a carrier gas into the bath between the bottom of the container and the bath surface, and mixing the bath by blowing a neutral gas through a porous member from a substantially central portion of the bottom of the container in upward direction through the bath, whereby the necessary energy for melting the iron ore is produced by afterburning of the CO producing during blowing of oxygen onto the border zone; and an apparatus for carrying out the method.

Abstract: A lance for blowing an oxydizing gas onto a bath of molten metal, especially for blowing oxygen on a bath of molten pig iron for transforming the same into steel. The lance is provided in an end wall of its nose with at least one central aperture for blowing gas jets at great impulsion onto the bath and a plurality of auxiliary apertures for blowing gas streams of considerably smaller impulsion onto the bath. The auxiliary apertures are constituted by elongated slots through the end wall arranged spaced from each other along a circle at a distance of adjacent edges of the slots and that at least one main aperture of about 2-20 cm. This construction permits to improve the amount of secondary combustion of the reaction gas while prolonging the useful life of the nose of the lance. The lance is advantageously used in conjunction with blowing a stirring gas through the bath of molten metal through refractory gas permeable elements provided in the bottom of a crucible containing the bath.

Abstract: An exothermic cutting electrode or burning bar having an oxidizable metal fluid conduit (tube) surrounded by a mass of metal similar to that of the fluid tube, the entire structure covered with an outer oxidizable metallic tube and/or an electrically insulating water impervious cover, either end of the electrode being adapted for connection to a source of oxidizing fluid and electric current, so that, an arc can be struck between a workpiece and the free end of the electrode to produce a cutting flame. By proper selection of the type and mass of the materials of construction the electrode will burn after the electric current has been turned off.

Abstract: A lance for use in a basic oxygen vessel is provided with a fluid cooling arrangement which is mounted directly on the lance structure and which is vertically adjustable therewith to provide a fluid spray which effectively enables and ensures cooling and suppression of the exiting gas before it contacts the hood and moves into the ducts of the hood structure.

Abstract: In an apparatus for refining molten metal comprising, in combination:(a) a vessel having an inlet zone and an outlet zone; at least two refining compartments in between, connected in series, separated by baffles, and positioned in such a manner that the first refining compartment in the series is adjacent and connected to the inlet zone and the last refining compartment in the series is adjacent and connected to the outlet zone; and dross removal means; and(b) one rotating gas distributing device disposed at about the center of each refining compartment, said device comprising a shaft having drive means at its upper end and a rotor fixedly attached to its lower end, the upper end being positioned in the top section of the compartment and the lower end being positioned in the bottom section of the compartment,the improvement comprising:1.

Abstract: A metal pipe, which is to be protected from high temperature and from the attack of molten metals and slags, is protected by an exterior lining consisting of a refractory ceramic composition which has been moulded between two coaxially placed tubes. The inner tube and preferably also the outer tube is a thin-walled metal tube permitting the lining to slide on the metal pipe on thermal movements.

Abstract: The invention concerns an immersion-lance for introducing a finely-particulate solid material into a metal melt, by means of a carrier gas, the internal diameter of the lance being narrowed in the region of the outlet opening. The object in the invention is to produce a lance which is suitable both for the transport of solid material and for flushing with gas. This is achieved by the features that the lance (1) contains a restrictor (8) which can be moved coaxially with the outlet opening (3), this restrictor being located, in a first end position, at a distance from the outlet opening (3) such that an open cross-section remains which is suitable for the transport of the solid material, and this restrictor being located, in a second end position, so that it narrows the outlet opening to a cross-section suitable for the transport of the gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for refining molten metal comprising a vessel, a rotor, and a stator having a graphite/metal joint above the vessel cover wherein said joint is provided with cooling passages and wherein cross-sectional and distance relationship are established between parts of the joint, the joint and the cover, and the cooling passages and the cover.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for delivery of finely divided solids into molten metal. More particularly it relates to a modular lance so constructed and arranged as to inject finely divided reactant and fluxing material, as well as gases, into molten pig iron and the like for desulfurization and other operations compatible with such equipment.

Abstract: Skulls which form within the upper nose section of steelmaking vessels are removed by means of a centrally located top blowing lance designed to blow at high velocity oxygen or other gases. The lance includes laterally extending ports communicating with a central relatively wide gas chamber and the gas is directed generally laterally outwardly against the inner wall of the nose section to retard or remove the skulls.

Abstract: This invention relates to apparatus for manufacturing steel from molten iron and in particular, it relates to a lance of the type used in steel making utilizing a method involving a blown stream of oxygen, having a nozzle cooled by pipes symmetrically disposed in the nozzle with certain pipes extended to cool a central portion of the nozzle.

Abstract: A process for sparging molten metal comprises passing gas bubbles upwardly through a series of spaced nozzles arranged in a trough or furnace, the nozzles being arranged to prevent lateral spread of emergent bubbles so as to hold down the bubble size to a controlled size and thus increase the surface area/volume relationship to a desired value.The apparatus employed preferably is embodied in a refractory plate having a series of spaced protrusions or ribs on the upper face. Spaced gas orifices are formed in the protrusions or ribs. The lateral spread of the bubbles is checked or hindered when the gas/metal interface of growing bubbles reaches the sides of the protrusions or ribs.

Abstract: In an apparatus for refining molten metal comprising a vessel having an inlet compartment; first and second refining compartments, each having a rotating gas distributing device disposed therein; and an exit compartment, the improvement comprising providing an exit tube wherein (i) the top wall slants downward from inlet end to outlet end at an angle of about 5 to about 15 degrees from the horizontal and (ii) the ends of the exit tube are about flush with the baffle and the wall dividing the first refining compartment and the exit compartment.

Abstract: A method of injecting gas into a pyrometallurgical bath is disclosed, wherein the gas is injected through a lance having an interior duct for flow of gas therethrough and a discharge end at which the gas is discharged characterized by the steps of presenting the discharge end of the lance to a molten mass of slag and forcing gas through the lance to splash-coat the discharge end of the lance with molten slag and inserting the thus coated discharge end of the lance into the pyrometallurgical bath. Also disclosed is a lance for submerged injection of gas into a liquid pyrometallurgical bath comprising a duct for flow of gas longitudinally through the lance characterized in that the outer wall of the duct is defined by an elongate tube constituting an outer wall of the lance and there is gas flow swirler means within the tube to impart swirl to gas passed through the duct.

Abstract: A lance is removably mounted in a powder container for injecting powder into molten metal within a furnace. The unitary connection of the lance and powder container enables vertical transport of powder as the unit is raisable and lowerable with respect to an opening in the furnace. The powder container can be filled by evacuating it and sucking powder therein. An ejector tube including a cut-off valve maintains the lance opening free from melt when the lance is immersed in the molten metal with no powder injection taking place. A hydraulic cylinder may be used to operate the ejector tube and the cut-off valve. The application of weights enables the container to maintain contact with the furnace roof.

Abstract: Skulls which form within the upper nose section of steelmaking vessels are removed by means of a centrally located top blowing lance designed to blow at high velocity oxygen or other gases. The lance includes laterally extending ports communicating with a central relatively wide gas chamber and the gas is directed generally laterally outwardly against the inner wall of the nose section to retard or remove the skulls.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing the skull from a metallurgical lance having positioning means mounted on a supporting member, a main arm pivotally fixed to the positioning means, two jaw arms pivotally attached to the main arm, activating means for providing movement to each jaw arm and a guide roller and scraper blade attached to each jaw arm. The apparatus may be enclosed in a housing when not in use. Also electro-pneumatic timing circuitry for automatically operating the apparatus.

Abstract: A furnace for the melting and refining of raw copper and/or blister copper comprises a shaft furnace having a lock-chamber feeder for the material at the top of the shaft furnace and an opening into a hearth furnace in which the copper is refined. The shaft furnace and the hearth furnace are constructed unitarily with one another with the shaft furnace surmounting the hearth furnace in such manner that, when the apparatus has been charged, a pile of copper is formed which is supported on the bottom of the hearth furnace and slopes toward a portion of the length of the hearth furnace.

Abstract: A lance for use in a basic oxygen vessel is provided with a fluid cooling arrangement which is mounted directly on the lance structure and which is vertically adjustable therewith to provide a fluid spray which effectively enables and ensures cooling and suppression of the exiting gas before it contacts the hood and moves into the ducts of the hood structure.