Abstract: A main landing gear assembly for an aircraft has an upper beam and a lower beam. The proximal ends of the upper and lower beams are each connected to a trunnion assembly that is mounted on the fuselage or wing of the aircraft. The distal ends of the upper and lower beams are each affixed to an axel support structure on which a main wheel of the landing gear assembly is mounted. In the gear assembly, the upper beam and the lower beam are coplanar and act together, in combination, to accommodate a planar flexure of the gear assembly during aircraft takeoffs and landings.

Abstract: A vehicle front end assembly includes an engine cradle, a transverse link and a fastener. The engine cradle has an upper attachment portion and a lower attachment portion, both being rigidly attached to the engine cradle. The upper attachment portion has a recessed area that includes a first opening extending through the recessed area. The upper attachment portion has a first overall thickness with a portion of the recessed area surrounding the first opening having a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness. The lower attachment portion has a second opening below the first opening. The transverse link has an inboard portion with a third opening that extends through the inboard portion. The fastener passes through the first opening, the third opening and the second opening such that the fastener retains the transverse link to the upper attachment portion and the lower attachment portion of the engine cradle.

Abstract: A leaf spring for a wheel suspension of a motor vehicle, comprises a first spring part made from a fiber reinforced plastic material and a second spring part made from a steel material. The first spring part and the second spring part are connected to each other. The ratio of the length of the first spring part to the length of the second spring part is larger than two. A leaf spring assembly can include such a leaf spring and receiving devices.

Abstract: A suspension device for suspension of an axle by an intermediate portion of a single leaf spring has first restriction device which restricts, upon breakage of the leaf spring at a position behind the intermediate portion of the spring, the rear portion of the leaf spring from tilting downwardly relative to a shackle, and a second restriction device for restriction of the shackle from pivotally moving backward beyond a predetermined angle. The first restriction device is constituted by a stopper plate on the shackle for support of the rear portion of the leaf spring from below upon breakage.

Abstract: The invention relates to a support device for the gun sight of a military vehicle, incorporating a head to which the gun sight is fastened and a foot which is integral with the vehicle, the head being integral with a column with a vertical axis which is introduced into the foot, the column being made integral with the foot by spring means wherein the spring means are constituted in the form of tongues arranged along at least two parallel planes perpendicular to the vertical axis of the support, each plane incorporating at least three tongues evenly spaced angularly around the column and integral with it by a first end and integral with the foot by their second end, these spring means imparting stiffness to the link between the column and the foot that is less along the vertical axis than along the other directions (X, Y) orthogonal to this vertical axis.

Abstract: A suspension for a vehicle having a chassis rail and a longitudinal axle arranged substantially orthogonal thereto. The vehicle suspension has a primary spring, which may be a leaf spring having a first end for pivotally coupling to the chassis of the vehicle at a first primary pivot coupling, and a distal second end for pivotally coupling to the chassis of the vehicle at a second primary pivot coupling. The primary spring can be a coil spring. A secondary leaf spring has a first end for pivotally coupling to the chassis of the vehicle at a secondary pivot coupling, and a second end for coupling to the axle. The longitudinal configuration of the secondary leaf spring is arranged to be angularly displaced with respect to the longitudinal configuration of the primary leaf spring. The first primary pivot coupling and the secondary pivot coupling are arranged to be substantially coplanar.

Abstract: A fiber reinforced plastic spring which enables prevention of breakage caused by compressive stress is provided, including a FRP spring that has a laminated structure having plural fibers which are different from each other in tensile modulus of elasticity and are laminated. An upper surface of the FRP spring is a surface to which a pulsating bending load is applied. An upper side region of each laminated structure is a compressive stress region at which compressive stress is generated. A lower side region of each laminated structure is a tensile stress region at which tensile stress is generated. Distribution of tensile modulus of elasticity of each laminated structure is asymmetric with respect to the neutral axis.

Abstract: A composite leaf spring comprising a thermoplastic matrix material reinforced with fibers embedded and aligned in the matrix of the composite leaf spring.

Abstract: A curved portion, with a curved cross section, is formed at the recess of the pad. The curved portion has a contact portion which contacts the leaf spring's tension surface, which faces the curved portion. The curved portion's thickness decreases from the contact portion to an end portion of the curved portion, thereby being spaced from the leaf spring's tension surface. In the pad, the height of the curved portion of the recess is set such that contact of the leaf spring's tension surface and the corner portion of the end portion of the curved portion can be avoided when the stroke length of the leaf spring's end portion is at maximum. Thus, the tension surface of the leaf spring is not worn by the corner portion of the end portion of the curved portion. As a result, breakage of the leaf spring caused by wear can be prevented.

Abstract: A leaf spring assembly includes a main stage and a second stage. The main stage has at least one leaf, which is a steel leaf. The second stage has a composite leaf. The second stage is operatively attached to, and aligned with, the main stage.

Abstract: A handheld power tool with a shiftable mechanism, which is adjustable between two operating positions, has a coupling spring that is coupled with an adjustable shifting member of the mechanism. The coupling spring is embodied as a metastable spring.

Abstract: A suspension system for supporting fore- and aft extending frame members of a vehicle chassis on a hollow axle, the system on one side of the vehicle being duplicated on the opposite side. Included in the suspension on each side are: (1) a frame bracket for pivotally supporting the fore or leading end of an asymmetric leaf spring; (2) a spring end support mounted on the frame side member for supporting the aft or trailing end of the leaf spring, and (3) a suitable assembly for attaching the leaf spring at a location intermediate its opposite ends to the axle so that the spring is divided into two cantilever limbs extending in opposite directions from the center line of the axle. The spring is formed so that one of the cantilever limbs has a stiffness substantially greater than the stiffness of the other limb. In all forms, at least one leaf of the asymmetric spring extends the full length of the spring.

Abstract: A clinch clip for a leaf spring which is rotationally restrained in to mutually orthogonal axes. An upper clip member and a lower clip member are provided. A non-circular rivet connects a leaf of a leaf spring to the lower clip member so as to preclude mutual rotation around a rivet axis. A non-circular bolt connects together the upper and lower clip members so as to preclude rotation around a bolt axis perpendicular to the rivet axis.

Abstract: Interplate rubber members 15 are interposed between abutting front and rear ends of spring leaves 2A and 2B. The spring leaves 2A and 2B have paired curved portions 14A and 14B, respectively, which are symmetrically S-shaped with respect to a connected position of an axle 3 in side view. A curvature radius of continuous and mutually reverse curves of each of the curved portions 14A of the upper spring leaf 2A is greater than a curvature radius of continuous and mutually reverse curves of each of the curved portions 14B of the lower spring leaf 2B. The upper curved portions 14A have longitudinally outward bend starts longitudinally outward of longitudinally outward bend starts of the lower curved portions 14B and have longitudinally inward bend ends longitudinally inward of longitudinally inward bend ends of the lower curved portions 14B.

Abstract: A spring is formed of a relatively thin sheet of spring material, which is constricted and held in place at each end forming a bell curve being located between two substantially planar members. As additional compressive force is applied in the vertical direction, the curve then compresses and starts to form sine waves. In an improved embodiment of the present invention, the sine wave spring is formed in a wedge shape, so that it is gradually taller and more progressive. This embodiment has been tested for use as a trailer spring with positive results. This wedge-shaped sine wave spring provides even more advantages over the Prior Art. The wedge-shaped prototype illustrates also how the present invention may be expanded to other shapes, in order to alter the spring characteristics, and also for packaging and other concerns.

Abstract: A spring is formed of a relatively thin sheet of spring material which is constricted and held in place at each end forming a bell curve being located between two substantially planar members. As additional compressive force is applied in the vertical direction, the curve then compresses and starts to form sine waves. The greater the force, progressively higher the wave frequency with lower amplitude would form. When the force is removed, the flexible material returns to its original shape. The force needed to shift the curve (increase the number of waveform) increases at an exponential rate, as opposed to the linear rate of most normal springs. The maintenance force of new stable state is considerable less than the threshold force. Such a relatively flat spring with an exponential spring rate and self dampening through phase change has a number of useful applications for automotive and industrial use.

Abstract: A shock absorption system for a bicycle that is simple, flexible and compatible with the many sections of a bicycle where adequate shock absorption is sought. The shock absorption properties are provided through a C-shaped compliant structure. C-shaped compliant structure may be removable such that it may be installed and removed as per the desire of the end user of the bicycle for post market modification and personalisation purposes.

Abstract: Provided is a non-pneumatic wheel (100) for a vehicle, and a wheel (100), suspension (200; 200-1), and tire (300) used therein that are capable of ensuring driving stability because there is no air chamber between a wheel (100) and a tire (300) to blowout. They are also capable of ensuring good road holding, preventing standing waves, reducing brake fade and cornering force, providing good handling and ride comfort, staying quiet when rolling, and are economical and environmentally friendly.

Abstract: A leaf spring for a vehicle suspension is formed from a composite material and includes first and second ends that are longitudinally spaced apart from each other. A resilient element is attached to at least one of the first and second ends. The resilient element includes at least one hole that receives a connecting element. The resilient element and the connecting element cooperate to attach the leaf spring to a vehicle structure. In one example, the resilient element comprises a rubber block that is bonded to the leaf spring. In another example, the resilient element comprises a longitudinally orientated bushing that is inserted through a thickness of the leaf spring.

Abstract: The invention solves the problem of designing and manufacturing springs made of elastic materials, particularly steel springs, with prescribed characteristic (dependence of flex on external load) given by a smooth (i.e. differentiable) non-linear function. The method according to the invention consists in forming an elastic body with suitably shaped regions of diversified stiffness and (possibly) diversified initial internal stresses (this suitable shape of the regions lies at the hart of the invention and is covered by separate patent claims).

Abstract: Devices and methods of making devices having one or more components made of single crystal shape memory alloy capable of large recoverable distortions, defined herein as “hyperelastic” SMA. Recoverable Strains are as large as 9 percent, and in special circumstances as large as 22 percent. Hyperelastic SMAs exhibit no creep or gradual change during repeated cycling because there are no crystal boundaries. Hyperelastic properties are inherent in the single crystal as formed: no cold work or special heat treatment is necessary. Alloy components are Cu—Al—X where X may be Ni, Fe, Co, Mn. Single crystals are pulled from melt as in the Stepanov method and quenched by rapid cooling to prevent selective precipitation of individual elemental components. Conventional methods of finishing are used: milling, turning, electro-discharge machining, abrasion. Fields of application include aerospace, military, automotive, medical devices, microelectronics, and consumer products.

Abstract: Composite materials composed of a structural fibrous reinforcement and a matrix resin composition. The matrix resin composition includes at least one thermoset resin component, at least one curative component and at least one inorganic nano-scale particulate. The cured composite material exhibits a fatigue performance such that it achieves greater than 300,000 cycles under a flexural load of 850 MPa at 90° C.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension comprising a pair of leaf springs arranged to extend longitudinally of the frame of a vehicle on opposed sides thereof with each leaf spring having one of its ends pivotally connected to the vehicle frame at a fixed location and which have an axle secured thereto between the ends thereof. A first bracket rigidly attaches each leaf spring at or adjacent the fixed location where the end of the leaf spring is connected to the vehicle frame. A radius arm extends longitudinally on each side of the vehicle frame and has one end thereof pivotally connected to the first bracket in a spaced-apart relationship to the fixed location. A second bracket is rigidly attached to the axle and is connected to the other end of the corresponding radius arm in a spaced relationship to the axle. Modified versions of the suspension are also disclosed.

Abstract: A suspension system includes a composite leaf spring having a mounting segment of a tapered width combined with an expanding depth. Any position along the longitudinal length of the mounting segment provides a singular cross-sectional shape taken parallel to an axle beam. An axle beam attachment system defines a cavity having a shape equivalent to the leaf spring at the predetermined location for mechanically interlocking the axle beam attachment system with the leaf spring at that predetermined location.

Abstract: A leaf spring assembly for a golf car includes a homogenous spring body having a rolled first end, a curving portion extending away from the rolled first end, a flat portion defining a second end, and a bend portion connecting the curving portion to the flat portion. A pin inserted through the rolled first end rotatably connects the rolled first end to a frame member of the golf car. A U-shaped bracket also connected to the frame member slidably supports the flat portion within the bracket permitting vertical deflections of the leaf spring body to be converted to fore-aft deflections of the flat portion.

Abstract: Leaf springs have improved durability in spite of using inexpensive spring steel such as SUP9 and SUP11 as materials. While a spring main body, made of the spring steel in which Brinell hardness is under 555 HBW and not less than 388 HBW (corresponding to a diameter of under 2.70 mm of hardness and not less than 3.10mm of hardness on a Brinell ball mark), is maintained at 150 to 400° C., the load is applied in the direction in which the spring main body is to be used, and the first shotpeening is performed at the plane where the tensile stress acts.

Abstract: A flanged cover assembly includes a cover having a wall portion, a lateral attachment flange surrounding the wall portion extending outwardly therefrom and a plurality of spaced flange bores extending through the flange from a upper surface to a lower surface. The bores are adapted to receive a corresponding plurality of fasteners which are adapted to be inserted through the bores and secure the cover to a base. The invention also includes a spring retainer which is adapted to extend along at least a portion of the outer surface of the lateral attachment flange. The spring retainer has a plurality of spaced retainer bores corresponding to at least two of the spaced flange bores and at least one shaped spring portion that is adapted to contact the upper surface of the lateral attachment flange mediate the spaced flange bores. The assembly may also include a cover gasket having a plurality of bores corresponding to the plurality of spaced flange bores and spaced retainer bores.

Abstract: A spring assembly includes a spring seat clamped to a leaf spring at a center portion. The spring seat includes a cutout for distributing clamping stresses in a substantially uniform manner across the leaf spring. The cutout provides a relief for a central portion of the leaf spring to uniformly distribute clamping pressures across the leaf spring. Uniformly distributing stresses across the width of the spring increases leaf spring fatigue life.

Abstract: A bicycle seat shock absorber comprising a shaft for attaching to a bicycle frame, a contoured flat spring having a first end and a second end wherein the first end is attached to the shaft, a support member having a first end and a second end wherein the first end is attached to the spring and the second end is attached to the bicycle seat, a flexible first strap having a first end and a second end wherein the first end is connected to the spring first end and the second end is connected to the spring second end, and a flexible second strap having a first end and a second end wherein the first end is connected to the shaft and the second end is connected to the support member second end.

Abstract: A suspension system includes a composite leaf spring attachment system having a bracket, a mount and a shear damper mounted therebetween. The mount is rectilinear in cross-section to receive a rearward leaf spring segment of the composite leaf spring. During flexing of the leaf spring, the rearward leaf spring segment of the leaf spring slides within the mount. The shear damper in combination with sliding of the leaf spring through the mount accommodates this longitudinal lengthen during flexing. Also, due to the width of the of the leaf spring segment the shear damper may alternatively be utilized alone to accommodate the flexing of the leaf spring as the significant width of the composite leaf spring provides a large mounting platform for a significantly large shear damper heretofore unavailable with relatively thin conventional steel leaf springs.

Abstract: A suspension system includes a composite leaf spring having an arcuate segment that is located between a retaining pin and a bumper. The retaining pin includes a shank surrounded by a resilient tube. The bumper is located adjacent a rear wall of the bracket opposite the retaining pin. The bumper includes an arcuate face to engage the outer arc of the arcuate segment while the pin is at least partially surrounded by the arcuate segment. The end of the composite leaf spring is thereby securely yet resiliently retained within the front leaf spring attachment system without penetrating fasteners.

Abstract: A method of attaching an axle of a golf cart to a leaf spring of the golf cart, comprising the steps of aligning the leaf spring adjacent the axle and a bottom plate, inserting an end of a fastener initially through a first aperture associated with the axle and subsequently through a second aperture of the bottom plate and securing the leaf spring between the axle and the bottom plate by securing the fastener at the bottom plate, enabling improved access for assembly and service.

Abstract: A metering blade suspension system utilizes a leaf spring that performs multiple combined functions such as supporting a metering blade assembly, controlling the angle, position and/or load of the blade assembly while allowing the assembly to pivot in a quasi-frictionless motion, locking the blade assembly in place, providing an electrical connection and/or bleeding static charge.

Abstract: In a structure for an automatic transmission wherein a brake is arranged in a casing, a hydraulic servomechanism for actuating the brake includes a cylinder, a piston, a return spring for biasing the piston and including an annular portion abutting on the piston and a plurality of leaf-spring portions protruding outward equiangularly from the outer periphery of the annular portion, and a plurality of pressing portions formed with the piston and abutting on the servomechanism through clearances between the leaf-spring portions of the return spring.

Abstract: A leaf spring arrangement, especially for connecting a pressure plate to a housing, comprises a plurality of adjacent leaf spring elements, where each leaf spring element has a first attachment area for establishing the connection the pressure plate, a second attachment area for establishing the connection to the housing, and a connecting area extending between the first attachment area and the second attachment area. At least certain areas of at least two of the leaf spring elements are spaced apart between their first attachment area and their second attachment area.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to a system for shielding electromagnetic energy. The system comprises an electromagnetic interference (EMI) gasket comprising at least one longitudinal member that is operable to exert a spring force upon deflection and at least one lance member; and a chassis comprising a lip member, the lip member being operable to accept the EMI gasket, a base member that is operable to deflect the at least one longitudinal member when the EMI gasket is placed over the lip member, and a locking member that is adapted to latch the at least one lance member in a latched position when the EMI gasket is placed over the lip member, wherein the spring force is operable to retain the at least one lance member in the latched position and the spring force is operable to facilitate electrical contact between the base member and the EMI gasket.

Abstract: A steering assembly is provided for a vehicle including an upper connection, typically provided by an upper control arm. A knuckle includes an upper and lower portions with the upper portion supported by the upper connection. A lower assembly of the present invention includes a control arm with legs extending from a spring portion at spaced apart ends. The legs extend from its ends and converge to a lower connection for supporting the lower portion of the knuckle with the upper and lower connections defining a wheel camber and a wheel caster. Preferably, each of the legs of the control arm has a different spring rate to provide a change in wheel camber under the deflection of the control arm during wheel travel. The different spring rates of the legs permits the lower connection to twist thereby enabling the wheel caster to change slightly during the upward and downward motion of the wheel.

Abstract: A bushing is shown to include a barpin having an anti-walkout feature in the form of a flange integrated therewith. The flange extends radially outwardly and circumferentially about the elongated body of the barpin. An elastomer is bonded to the barpin.

Abstract: A suspension spring arrangement for a vehicle having an upper elongated spring leaf (12) and a lower elongated spring leaf (14) with an upper elongated spring leaf (12) is provided with a slot (22) and a lower elongated spring leaf (14) is provided with a protuberance (24). When the upper and lower spring leafs (12, 14) are joined to one another, the protuberance (24) is accommodated within the slot (22) so as to prevent lateral displacement of the upper and lower spring leafs (12, 14) with respect to each other. Pounding and squeaking noises are prevented by the installation of a polymeric insert between the slot and the protuberance. The slot (22) and the protuberance (24) are configured in accordance with square, rectangular, and/or circular shapes, depending upon the particular application. A protuberance (24) and a slot (22) can be provided at each end of the suspension spring arrangement.

Abstract: In one aspect of the invention, a variable rate multi-arc leaf spring assembly is provided. The assembly includes a main leaf spring that is constructed of a composite material and defines a central arc portion having a first radius and at least one peripheral arc portion having a second radius not equal to said first radius. The main leaf spring provides a continuous non-linear variable spring deformation rate.

Abstract: A leaf spring assembly for use as an active component in vehicle suspension systems is disclosed. The leaf spring assembly includes a full leaf leaf spring component and a half leaf leaf spring component connected thereto. The full leaf leaf spring extends substantially the entire length of the leaf spring assembly and the half leaf leaf spring extends substantially the entire length of one of the cantilevers. In a preferred form, when the leaf spring assembly has front and rear cantilevers of substantially unequal length, the leaf spring assembly provides for a constant caster angle for its associated axle during deflection of the assembly due to jounce and rebound. In another preferred form, when the leaf spring assembly has front and rear cantilevers of substantially equal length, the leaf spring assembly provides for a varying caster angle for its associated axle during deflection of the assembly due to jounce and rebound.

Abstract: A beam spring capable of substantial elastic deformation in two planes to provide for independent wheel suspension and to commonize suspension mounting systems in a vehicle chassis.

Abstract: A fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring for use in a vehicle chassis system capable of multi-linear response when compressed. The fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring extends longitudinally below a vehicle frame and is secured at each end of the vehicle frame typically using a pair of pinned end attachments and is secured in the middle to an axle. The spring has a central upwardly curved region introduced between two downwardly curved regions that are introduced between two more upwardly curved regions. The spring can be made using either a pre-preg process or three-dimensional weaving process. By varying the curvature either the upwardly curved regions or downwardly curved regions, or by varying the length and width of the bow spring, the rate of displacement along each portion of the multi-linear deflection response curve may be controlled.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a fiber reinforced suspension member having an integral pivot opening. The suspension member includes a first portion, a second portion and a central portion disposed in between the first portion and the second portion. The suspension member in accordance with the teachings of the present invention is formed of fibers that extend longitudinally from the first portion to the central portion and curve around the central portion such that an opening is defined in the central portion. The fibers forming the suspension member typically comprise an upper fiber layer and a lower fiber layer. The upper fiber layer and the lower fiber layer interface in the first portion and the second portion and are separated in the central portion. The upper layer fiber and the lower layer fiber are reinforced around the opening by stitching reinforcing fibers through the thickness of the suspension member.

Abstract: Devices and methods for assembly of flexible weight bearing structures such as mattress foundations using the composite material spring modules are described. The invention provides assembly jigs for dimensionally fixed attachment of spring modules to frame members, and alignment of frame members with attached spring modules for attachment to an overlying grid. The jigs comprise blocks which are suitably slidably mounted on a jig channel, which is suitably an extrusion. The blocks are fixed at a predetermined position on a jig channel and are configured to receive a portion of a frame member. Each block further has a structure for securing a spring module at a predetermined position relative to a received frame member.

Abstract: A fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring for use in a vehicle chassis system capable of multi-linear response when compressed. The fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring extends longitudinally below a vehicle frame and is secured at each end of the vehicle frame typically using a pair of pinned end attachments and is secured in the middle to an axle. The spring has a central upwardly curved region introduced between two downwardly curved regions that are introduced between two more upwardly curved regions. The spring can be made using either a pre-preg process or three-dimensional weaving process. By varying the curvature either the upwardly curved regions or downwardly curved regions, or by varying the length and width of the bow spring, the rate of displacement along each portion of the multi-linear deflection response curve may be controlled.

Abstract: A split-leaf spring assembly for motor vehicle is disclosed having first and second leaf springs having second ends thereof overlapping. The overlapping portions of the leaf springs are connected. A bracket is fixed to the first leaf spring and extends around a portion of the second leaf spring. Similarly, a bracket is fixed to the second leaf spring and extends around a portion of the first leaf spring. The overlapping portions of the first and second leaf springs are configured to reinforce a high-stress area of the assembly. The leaf springs may be of different thicknesses, and are interchangeable.

Abstract: A fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring for use in a vehicle chassis system capable of multi-linear response when compressed. The fiberglass composite monoleaf bow spring extends longitudinally below a vehicle frame and is secured at each end of the vehicle frame typically using a pair of pinned end attachments and is secured in the middle to an axle. The spring has a central upwardly curved region introduced between two downwardly curved regions that are introduced between two more upwardly curved regions. The spring can be made using either a pre-preg process or three-dimensional weaving process. By varying the curvature either the upwardly curved regions or downwardly curved regions, or by varying the length and width of the bow spring, the rate of displacement along each portion of the multi-linear deflection response curve may be controlled.

Abstract: A shock absorbing apparatus that absorbs a shock produced by an abutment of a traveler on a stop member when the traveler is brought to a stop at a predetermined position includes a leaf spring arranged adjacent the stop member in a substantially face-to-face relationship with a guideway. A free end of the leaf spring abuts slightly with the guideway or with a slight clearance from the guideway. A mid portion of the leaf spring is curved gradually from the guideway. The traveler is provided with a contact portion that passes over the free end of the leaf spring to contact with the curved mid portion before the traveler abuts with the stop member at the predetermined position.

Abstract: A leaf spring assembly for use as an active component in vehicle suspension systems includes a full-leaf leaf spring component and a half-leaf leaf spring component connected thereto. The full-leaf leaf spring extends substantially the entire length of the leaf spring assembly and the half-leaf leaf spring extends substantially the entire length of one of the cantilevers. In a preferred form, when the leaf spring assembly has front and rear cantilevers of substantially unequal length, the leaf spring assembly provides for a constant caster angle for its associated axle during deflection of the assembly due to jounce and rebound. In another preferred form, when the leaf spring assembly has front and rear cantilevers of substantially equal length, the leaf spring assembly provides for a varying caster angle for its associated axle during deflection of the assembly due to jounce and rebound.