Abstract: An industrial textile has two layers, a web-side layer and a wear-side layer. The web-side layer has machine direction yarns (1) and binding cross-machine direction yarns (5). The wear-side layer has machine direction yarns (3) and cross-machine direction yarns (4). The binding cross-machine direction yarns (5) extend from the web-side layer to the wear-side layer and bind a portion of the wear-side layer machine direction yarns (3) to bond the web-side layer and the wear-side layer together, and wherein the web-side layer is a non-plain weave.

Abstract: A sleeve for the construction of a hose pipe extends about a longitudinal axis. The sleeve has greater elongation capacities in one direction than in the other with respect to the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A reinforcing element for a structural profile, in particular for a round, oval or elliptical structural tube. The reinforcing element comprises: a fiber structure which has a hollow-cylindrical, helically wound mesh of fiber strands and forms an inner shell surface formed to receive the structural profile; and a matrix material into which the fiber strands are respectively embedded and which is formed to be shrinkable by heating so that the fiber structure can be fastened to the structural profile with the inner shell surface by heating the matrix material. Also provided are a structural arrangement with such a reinforcing element, an aircraft or spacecraft with such a structural arrangement, as well as a method for producing such a structural arrangement.

Abstract: A protective textile sleeve and method of construction thereof is provided. The sleeve includes a seamless, tubular braided wall having a plurality of yarns braided with one another. A plurality of the yarns are high temperature, non-heat-shrinkable yarns and a plurality of the yarns are heat-shrinkable yarns, wherein the heat-shrinkable yarns are shrinkable at a temperature that does not cause the high temperature, non-heat-shrinkable yarns to shrink. The sleeve has a first length and first thickness upon being braided, and a second length that less than the first length and a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness upon being exposed to a single heat-treat process.

Abstract: An orthopedic attachment system includes a first bone anchor, a second bone anchor, and a flexible connector. The flexible connector is connected between the first bone anchor and the second bone anchor. The flexible connector includes a sliding loop, a tensioning end and a fixed end. The sliding loop is connected to a sling loop bone anchor, and the fixed end is connected to the fixed end bone anchor. The tensioning end is slidably connected and lockable to the fixed end. A flexible connector, a method for attaching a flexible connector between at least two bone anchors in a patient's body, and a method of making a flexible connector are also disclosed.

Abstract: Assemblies for securing fractured bone are provided. The assembly includes a first fixation element, a second fixation element, and an adjustable flexible member construct. The first fixation element having a male or a female sleeve is secured within a first portion of the fractured bone. The second fixation element having the other of the male or female sleeve telescopically received within the one of the male or female sleeve is secured within a second portion of the fractured bone. The adjustable flexible member construct extends between the first and second fixation elements and has at least one adjustable loop coupled to the first fixation element and the second fixation element and a pair of adjusting ends extending through an opening in the first fixation element. The pair of adjusting ends can be pulled to reduce a diameter of the adjustable loop and to compress fragments of the fractured bone.

Abstract: A filter member used in an oxygenator is constructed to provide improved contact with a hollow fiber membrane bundle and to capture bubbles contained in blood. The filter member possesses elasticity at least in the circumferential direction to allow the inner circumference of the filter member to be increased from a natural non-expanded state prior to placement on the hollow fiber membrane bundle to an expanded state in which the inner circumference of the filter member is increased when placed on the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The filter member is constructed to satisfy the condition 0.5?L2/L1<1, wherein L1 represents the outer circumference of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and L2 represents the inner circumference of the filter member in the natural non-expanded state.

Abstract: A filter member used in an oxygenator is constructed to provide improved contact with a hollow fiber membrane bundle and to capture bubbles contained in blood. The filter member possesses elasticity at least in the circumferential direction to allow the inner circumference of the filter member to be increased from a natural non-expanded state prior to placement on the hollow fiber membrane bundle to an expanded state in which the inner circumference of the filter member is increased when placed on the hollow fiber membrane bundle. The filter member is constructed to satisfy the condition 0.5?L2/L1<1, wherein L1 represents the outer circumference of the hollow fiber membrane bundle and L2 represents the inner circumference of the filter member in the natural non-expanded state.

Abstract: The invention relates to knit fabric having zones having normal stress-elongation behavior and having predefined zones having increased stress-elongation behavior, for example, knitted fabrics of this type, in particular knit fabric of this type used as medical aids or sport aids, and methods for producing this knit fabric.

Abstract: A textile sleeve for routing and protecting elongate members and method of construction thereof is provided. The sleeve has a flexible, abrasion resistant, self-curling elongate wall constructed from woven monofilament and multifilament yarns. The wall has opposite edges extending parallel to a central axis of the sleeve. The wall is woven with warp yarns extending parallel to the central axis and fill yarns extending transverse to the warp yarns. The warp yarns are provided at least in part as first monofilament yarns and the fill yarns are provided as second monofilament yarns and second multifilament yarns. The second monofilament yarns have a larger diameter than the first monofilament yarns.

Abstract: A woven, self-expanding stent device has one or more strands and is configured for insertion into an anatomical structure. The device includes a coupling structure secured to two different strand end portions that are substantially aligned with each other. The two different strand end portions include nickel and titanium. The coupling structure is not a strand of the device.

Abstract: A textile sleeve has wall of interlaced warp yarn and weft yarn. The warp yarn extends lengthwise along a longitudinal axis of the sleeve between opposite first and second ends of the sleeve. The warp yarn is non-metallic heat-shrinkable polymeric yarn. The sleeve has at least one electro-functional member interlaced with some of the weft yarn. The at least one electro-functional yarn extends along the longitudinal axis between the first and second ends. The non-metallic polymeric warp yarns have a greater heat-shrinkage ratio than the at least one electro-functional member. The non-metallic polymeric warp yarns are caused to be shortened in the lengthwise direction along the longitudinal axis relative to the at least one electro-functional member upon being heated.

Abstract: A gel liner made by starting initially with a one-piece knitted tubular sock-shaped fabric having a closed distal end section of gel impermeable knitted fabric and an open proximal end section of gel impermeable knitted fabric and being a gel permeable loosely knitted fabric. Molding the liner to have a gel cushion layer on its interior surface with the gel passing through and partially embedding the yarns of the proximal fabric section with the outermost portions of the yarns free of gel to form at least one annular seal whereby the proximal end section forming a seal not inhibited in deformation and/or elongation by the fabric when the liner is worn thereby reducing or eliminating any twisting or discomfort of the liner during ambulation caused by the annular seal.

Abstract: A woven, self-expanding stent device has one or more strands and is configured for insertion into an anatomical structure. The device includes a coupling structure secured to two different strand end portions that are substantially aligned with each other. The two different strand end portions include nickel and titanium. The coupling structure is not a strand of the device.

Abstract: A weaving method of a three-dimensional vamp includes the steps of: weaving yarn by a warp-knitting machine to form a top vamp by a first part needle bar of the warp-knitting machine which is interactively woven with a bottom vamp formed by a second part needle bar of the warp-knitting machine so as to form a tube-shaped fabric; cutting the tube-shaped fabric to form a sock-shaped fabric; disposing the sock-shaped fabric on a shoe last; and heating the sock-shaped fabric to tighten the sock-shaped fabric in order to seal the shoe last and consequently obtain the three-dimensional vamp. The heat shrinkable and irreversible properties of a high shrinkage yarn or hot melt yarn are used to seal the sock-shaped fabric with the shoe last, thereby achieving the substantial physical properties. The turner cost and the fabric flotsam can be reduced by the process of manufacturing the integrally formed vamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a double-raschel knitted fabric tube W for artificial blood vessels is provided, which is configured of N cocoon filaments each formed of paired core parts formed of fibroin and a skin part surrounding the core parts and formed of sericin, separating the paired core parts with the sericin partially removed and partially left to form 2N plies of the fibroin with a skin core structure to obtain a sericin-coated silk thread configured of the 2N plies of fibroin having the skin core structure, then subjecting the sericin-coated silk thread to a first twist to produce a first-twist silk thread, further combining a plurality of the first-twist silk threads together and subjecting the combined first-twist silk threads to a second twist to produce an organzine silk thread, and then further knitting a tube shape by using the organzine silk thread T as a knitting thread Y.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for splinting and/or maintaining a cavity, an organ duct and or a vessel in a human or animal body, said device including at least one compressible and self-expanding stent that is composed of at least three phases.

Abstract: A multilayer textile sleeve and method of construction thereof is provided. The sleeve includes a textile wall having opposite edges extending lengthwise along a longitudinal axis of the sleeve between opposite ends. The opposite edges are configured to overlap one another to bound a central cavity of the sleeve. The wall has an inner layer with opposite inner and outer faces and an outer layer with opposite inner and outer faces. The inner and outer layers overlap one another and are constructed of interlinked yarn. The inner and outer layers are integrally connected to one another across interlinked portions adjacent the opposite edges by yarn common to each of the inner and outer layers.

Abstract: A tubular textile heat shield for providing protection against radiant heat to elongate members shielded by the heat shield, and method of construction thereof, is provided. The tubular textile heat shield includes a tubular wall of interlaced yarn. The interlaced yarn includes polymeric monofilament yarns interlaced with one another. The polymeric monofilament yams contain reflective aluminum particles interspersed therein, as extruded in the yams, wherein the aluminum particles provide a reflective outer surface to the tubular wall and increase the radiant heat resistance of the yarn.

Abstract: A woven, self-expanding stent device has one or more strands and is configured for insertion into an anatomical structure. The device includes a coupling structure secured to two different strand end portions that are substantially aligned with each other. The two different strand end portions include nickel and titanium. The coupling structure is not a strand of the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a felt belt, especially a press felt for a paper—, cardboard or tissue machine, with a basic structure that is formed by (a) a longitudinal reinforcement module extending on the width and length of the felt belt, including (1) a laid longitudinal thread structure on the width and the length of the felt belt which is formed by at least one longitudinal thread extending essentially in longitudinal direction of the belt, and (2) one carrying layer which is bonded with the laid longitudinal thread structure and extends on the width and the length of the felt belt, as well as (b) one cross reinforcement module which has the same length and width as the felt belt which is located on and bonded with the longitudinal reinforcement module which is formed by a plurality of cross reinforcement module segments, each of which extend on the width of the felt belt, and only on part of the length of the felt belt and which are arranged in tandem in longitudinal direction of the felt belt and which to

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing weft threads from an edge of a fabric is described and which includes a bed for supporting a fabric which is manufactured from both warp and weft threads, and which has a forward edge, and an opposite lateral edge; a selectively rotatable draw-off device mounted adjacent to one of the lateral edges and which forcibly engages a first end of a weft thread which is to be removed; and a plurality of wedge assemblies are mounted on the bed, and which are selectively moveable to the forward edge of the fabric, and which facilitate the separation of the weft thread which has been engaged from the forward edge of the fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a felt belt, particularly a press felt for a paper machine, including the steps of producing a longitudinal thread structure by continuous helical winding of at least one longitudinal thread in the direction of the provided width of the felt belt, particularly up to the provided width of the felt belt; placing a transverse reinforcement structure on the longitudinal thread structure and connecting the same to the longitudinal thread structure to form a tube-like composite structure; placing opposing sections of the tube-like structure one atop the other such that the tube-like structure forms a flat structure whose length corresponds to approximately half the circumference of the tube-like structure and which provides seam loops on its opposing longitudinal sides, the loops being formed by the at least one helically wound longitudinal thread; making the flat structure continuous by merging the opposing seam loops and connecting the same to one another; a

Abstract: A non-woven acoustic sleeve and method of construction thereof provides routing and protection for elongate members and suppression of noise generation from the elongate members while in the sleeve. The sleeve has an elongate wall with opposite sides that are self-wrapping about a longitudinal axis to define a generally tubular cavity. The opposite sides are extendable away from one another under an externally applied force to allow the elongate members to be disposed radially into or removed from the cavity. When the external force is released, the opposite sides of the wall to return to their self wrapped configuration to enclose the elongate members and suppress noise therefrom.

Abstract: A method is provided for conditioning a tubular knitted fabric. The method includes the step of placing on a supported member a tubular knitted fabric formed of yarns, the yarns having fibers of a high cotton content. The layers of the fabric are arranged in overlying layered relation, each layer having an outer surface. The fabric is traversed at a preselected rate while subjecting the outer surfaces of the overlying layers to jets of fluid at pressures of about 40 bar absolute or lower. The fibers forming the overlying layers do not interlock the overlying layers and are separable by subsequent fabric finishing or laundering.

Abstract: A seam area, and a method of making a seam for an industrial fabric, provide for first and second fold lines oriented in the CD of the fabric. Each fold line comprises a set of land areas configured to define a set of holes, and the land areas of each set are constructed and arranged such that when the fabric is folded along the fold lines and the fold lines are aligned with each other, each folded land area of each set is offset from the folded land areas of the other set, and aligned with and receivable by an opposing hole of the other set to form a channel to receive a fastening means. The seams provide the benefits of simple, accurate and economical construction, strength, consistency with adjacent fabric surfaces, and thus reduced marking of sheets carried by the fabrics.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a press felt and to a press felt and a base fabric. The base fabric comprises at least a first planar compo-nent (4), which includes a first transverse (CMD) joining edge area (11) and a second transverse joining edge area (12). The joining edge areas (11, 12) are arranged to overlap each other and attached to each other undetachably.

Abstract: A laminated substrate or base structure comprising separately formed layers with warp knitted or stitch bonded yarns joining the layers together wherein at least one of the layers is a reinforcing layer and at least one of the layers is for inhibiting resin flow through the substrate. A method for forming the substrate or base structure into a coated papermaker's process belt product is also described.

Abstract: A paper makers felt comprising a fibrous outer layer formed of inter-engaged fibers of between 3.0 and 67 dtex inter-engaged preferably by needling, and a web layer formed of fibers which are between 200 and 600 dtex and are inter-engaged preferably by point bonding. The outer layer is engaged with the web layer, preferably by needling, forming a composite paper makers felt.

Abstract: A transport belt, in particular for machines for the production of web material such as paper or paperboard, has, on a web material contact side, depressions of which the majority has a depression opening with a dimension smaller than 20 ?m in at least one direction.

Abstract: A method of seaming an on-machine-seamable multiaxial papermaker's fabric to prevent yarn migration. The multiaxial fabric is in the form of an endless loop flattened into two layers along fold lines. CD yarns are removed from the folds to create ravel areas. This leaves the MD yarns unbound in the ravel areas. Seam loops are then formed from the unbound MD yarns at the folds. A thin porous material is sewn to the fabric at each fold. The porous material binds the CD yarns along the edges of the ravel areas while allowing passage of the seam loops through the material. The laminate prevents migration of CD yarn tails into the seam area.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the removal of one or more lateral yarns from a woven industrial textile to prepare it for seaming. The apparatus consists of a movable table, a clamping device to hold the fabric, and a yarn removal device, consisting of a cutter and a combined hooked needle & thread catcher. In operation, the yarn removal device moves both vertically into and out of the fabric plane, and horizontally parallel to the longitudinal yarns. The yarn removal device pierces the fabric at two locations, cuts one or more yarns, and then grasps the cut section(s) to pull them down and out of the fabric plane. The cycle is repeated to form a longitudinal channel of desired length; the device is then moved laterally and the cycle repeated until an open channel parallel with the lateral fabric edge is accomplished.

Abstract: A method of assisting in the seaming of a papermaker's fabric using a seam assist device is disclosed. The seam assist device is comprised of two portions. Each portion having an attaching edge that is attached to a predetermined distance from the ends of the fabric by fitting spiral or loop elements into voids in the surface of the fabric and anchoring the elements using a binder or pintle. Connecting edges on each portion are then connected together, thereby causing the two attached ends of the fabric to be brought together for seaming.

Abstract: An inflatable element in the form of a tension tube, and method of making same. The method involves forming a tube by a knitting process, then heatsetting the tube whilst simultaneously maintaining it under lengthwise tension. The tension in the tube is maintained during cooling of the tube. An option relaxation stage may also be included.

Abstract: A diagonally joined cylindrical fabric in the form of a cylindrical endless fabric is obtained by shifting ends of facing wefts of a non-endless fabric leftward or rightward and joining together the ends of the wefts to thereby form a joining portion inclined relative to an axis of a cylinder. The cylindrical fabric comprises a weave pattern in which warp passes over continuous two or more wefts, then passes under a less number of wefts, the joining portion at ends of the fabric formed into an endless cylindrical shape is inclined relative to the axis at 25° to 5°. The surface of the cylindrical fabric is formed with crimps that are longer in a face length direction than in a circumferential direction.

Abstract: A paper process belt and method for manufacturing the same are provided. The belt includes at least one elongated resilient coupling filament operatively connected to a first end section of the belt and a second end section of the belt such that the first end section, the second end section and a body portion of the belt are substantially continuous with one another. The belt is configured to operatively engage a paper manufacturing machine.

Abstract: The gripping collet (10) for grasping a thread during the preparation of a woven seam is arranged at the end of a draw-through gripper and has a first and a second clamping element, the first and the second clamping element (20, 24) being able to be clamped against each other for grasping the thread using a pneumatic cylinder. The first clamping element has two cylinder surfaces (20) at a distance from each other and the second clamping element has one cylinder surface (24). The arrangement of the cylinder surfaces (20, 24) is such that the axes of the cylinder surfaces lie parallel to each other and essentially at right-angles to the axis of the pneumatic cylinder and, in the extended state of the pneumatic cylinder, the cylinder surface (24) of the second clamping element lies between the two cylinder surfaces (20) of the first clamping element.

Abstract: An on-machine-seamable laminated multiaxial press fabric has a first base fabric and a second base fabric laminated to one another by needled staple fiber batt material. The first base fabric is a multiaxial fabric produced by spirally winding a fabric strip, flattening the endless loop produced by the spiral winding, and removing crosswise yarns at the ends of the flattened endless loop to form seaming loops. The second base fabric is an on-machine-seamable base fabric, which may also be mutiaxial. The press fabric is joined into endless form by interdigitating the seaming loops at the two ends of both base fabrics with one another to form a single passage through which a pintle is passed to join the press fabric into endless form.

Abstract: A method of making a press felt, a press felt and a base fabric. The base fabric comprises a surface component on the surface facing the paper web to be dried and a base component below the surface component. The transverse jointing edges of the base component are provided with seam loops, by means of which the base component can be connected into a closed loop. At the first jointing edge of the base fabric the surface component extends for a predetermined distance longer than the base component and forms a seam flap that protects the seam area of the base component.

Abstract: A graft provided with a flexible sealing member to substantially prevent blood from leaking between the graft a lumen into which the graft is placed. In one embodiment, the flexible sealing member may be pressed against the vascular wall by an outwardly biased spring means attached to the sealing member. In other embodiments, the sealing member may be self-positioning upon deployment of the graft. The sealing member also may be formed into the shape of a toroid, which may be filled with thrombogenic material causing blood permeating into the toroid-shaped space to coagulate therein and hold the sealing member in place. It is also contemplated that the sealing member be formed from tufts of frayed yarn protruding circumferentially from the outer surface of the graft. A method of manufacturing such tufted yarn sealing members is also disclosed.

Abstract: A papermaker's fabric is manufactured by spirally winding a laminated structure in a plurality of turns. The laminated structure has a bottom layer and a top layer, both of which are strips having a common width. The bottom layer and the top layer are laminated to one another in a transversely offset manner, so that an unlaminated portion of the bottom layer is along one lateral edge of the laminated structure and an unlaminated portion of the top layer is along the other lateral edge. When the laminated structure is spirally wound, the unlaminated portion of the top layer in one turn overlies the unlaminated portion of the bottom layer in an adjacent turn. These are joined to one another to form the papermaker's fabric from the spirally wound structure.

Abstract: A papermaker's fabric is made by spirally winding a woven fabric strip. The fabric strip has first and second lateral edges, along which are a first and second lip, respectively. Each lip has at least one lengthwise yarn woven with crosswise yarns. Adjacent to and inward of the first and second lips on the fabric strip are a first and second gap, respectively, which lack lengthwise yarns but whose crosswise yarns join the lips to the body of the fabric strip. When spirally winding the fabric strip, the first lip is disposed within the second gap, and the second lip is disposed within the first gap, of adjacent turns to form a spirally continuous seam which is closed by attaching adjacent turns to one another.

Abstract: A method and related apparatus for shrink-proofing a fabric, typically a knitted textile composed of interlocked loops of yarn made of natural and/or man-made fibers. The loops interlock along stitch rows that may become skewed. According to the invention the fabric is confined from expanding as it is delivered to and discharged from an in-line compression zone free of obstructions such as crimps, bends or kinks. The fabric is confined, preferably resiliently, coming to, passing through and leaving the compression zone so as to accommodate variation of thickness and irregularities of the fabric being compacted in the compression zone. The interlocked loops are organized whereby they are allowed to move toward each other orthogonally along their related stitch row so as to reduce volume of the fabric. Non-woven textiles, papers, papers with additives and the like are shrink-proofed in the same manner.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shrink fabric, and a shrink fabric to be used for filtering. The method is used for manufacturing a shrink fabric (1, 1′) comprising a seam assembly (4) which is substantially diagonal with respect to the lateral direction of the shrink fabric (1, 1′). When arranged in place onto a drum filter, the seam assembly (4) of the shrink fabric (1, 1′) is substantially diagonal with respect to the lateral direction of the drum (2) of the drum filter.

Abstract: An on-machine-seamable laminated multiaxial press fabric has a first base fabric and a second base fabric laminated to one another by needled staple fiber batt material. The first base fabric is a multiaxial fabric produced by spirally winding a fabric strip, flattening the endless loop produced by the spiral winding, and removing crosswise yams at the ends of the flattened endless loop to form seaming loops. The second base fabric is an on-machine-seamable base fabric, which may also be mutiaxial. The press fabric is joined into endless form by interdigitating the seaming loops at the two ends of both base fabrics with one another to form a single passage through which a pintle is passed to join the press fabric into endless form.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a shrink fabric, and a shrink fabric to be used for filtering. The method is used for manufacturing a shrink fabric (1, 1′) comprising a seam assembly (4) which is substantially diagonal with respect to the lateral direction of the shrink fabric (1, 1′). When arranged in place onto a drum filter, the seam assembly (4) of the shrink fabric (1, 1′) is substantially diagonal with respect to the lateral direction of the drum (2) of the drum filter.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laminated clothing for a papermaking or cellulose manufacturing machine, as well as a method and a blank for manufacturing thereof. The clothing comprises two laminated layers (O, I), each having an inclined direction-defined thread system, the thread systems being inclined relative to the machine direction of the clothing and relative to each other. The two layers (O, I) constitute an upper and an inner part, respectively, of an endless band (40), which is so flattened that two edge folds (48, 50) are formed transversely of the machine direction, and which is then doubled with the edge folds (48, 50) coupled together. As a result, the band comprises a direction-defined thread system which is inclined relative to the machine direction and which, owing to the flattening and doubling of the band, forms the thread systems, inclined relative to each other, of the first and the second layer (O, I).

Abstract: A press fabric for the press section of a paper machine has a base fabric which includes a nonwoven mesh fabric. The base fabric, or a layer thereof, is assembled in integral form using a strip or strips of the nonwoven mesh fabric. The assembly may be effected by spirally winding the nonwoven mesh fabric in a plurality of non-overlapping turns, by abutting each turn of the nonwoven mesh fabric against that previously wound, and by joining each turn of the nonwoven mesh fabric to that previously wound to form an endless loop. Alternatively, a plurality of endless loops of equivalent length are formed from separate strips of nonwoven mesh fabric, and arranged in a side-by-side abutting relationship. The endless loops are then joined, one to the next, to provide a base fabric, or component thereof, in the form of an endless loop.

Abstract: A weaving machine arrangement includes a heald frame weaving machine and, arranged on both sides of the latter, two sets of accessory equipment. The warp thread set of the heald frame weaving machine is divided into a first set and second and third warp thread sets. The second and third warp thread sets are used in order to form extended turning-fold areas in the tubular-woven material. The accessory equipment forms patterns for the terminating positions of the weft threads in these areas, strong seaming functions are obtained in the tubular-woven material. Cut-off thread ends are anchored by heat action. The degree of automation is increased in relation to conventional manufacturing by virtue of the fact that the seaming function can be carried out in the heald frame weaving machine itself.

Abstract: A process where the need to circulate hydrogen through the catalyst is eliminated. This is accomplished by mixing and/or flashing the hydrogen and the oil to be treated in the presence of a solvent or diluent in which the hydrogen solubility is "high" relative to the oil feed. The type and amount of diluent added, as well as the reactor conditions, can be set so that all of the hydrogen required in the hydroprocessing reactions is available in solution. The oil/diluent/hydrogen solution can then be fed to a plug flow reactor packed with catalyst where the oil and hydrogen react. No additional hydrogen is required, therefore, hydrogen recirculation is avoided and trickle bed operation of the reactor is avoided. Therefore, the large trickle bed reactors can be replaced by much smaller tubular reactor.