Single Wheel Vehicle Patents (Class 280/47.32)
  • Patent number: 10398239
    Abstract: Apparatus and method display articles of merchandise r aligned in a desired stable orientation for viewing and selection at a point-of-purchase. Each article includes a member of predetermined cross-sectional configuration extending between a working head and a terminal end of the article. The member is inserted between a pair of bowed, confronting resiliently deflectable stabilizing fingers coupled to a platform, with the member received within an aperture in each finger. At the same time, the terminal end of the article is inserted into a socket in the platform. The apertures are configured to retain the article between the fingers for displaying the article, thereby maintaining the article aligned in the stable desired orientation for viewing and selective release at the point-of-purchase.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 5, 2018
    Date of Patent: September 3, 2019
    Assignee: Henschel-Steinau, Inc.
    Inventors: Michael D. Luberto, Getachew Kassa
  • Patent number: 10206502
    Abstract: A wall mounting system includes an elongate main body, a first holder, and a second holder. The main body has a channel. The channel is disposed along a length of the main body. The main body is configured for attachment to a wall surface. The first holder has at least one insert portion coupled thereto with a fastener. The insert portion of the first holder is selectively slidably received in the channel of the main body. The second holder is coupled to the main body. The fastener of the first holder is adjustable to selectively affix the first holder along the length of the main body. The first holder is selectively movable along the length of the main body relative to the second holder. The first holder and the second holder are configured to together selectively secure a hunting or fishing accessory to the main body.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 26, 2017
    Date of Patent: February 19, 2019
    Inventors: Cole Nye, Nickolas Reinhart
  • Patent number: 9056574
    Abstract: A boat trailer is equipped with a powered boat launch and retrieval system that negates the shallow entry of a launch ramp. The system uses a weldment frame, pivotally connected to the trailer frame. The weldment frame works in combination with a powered cylinder, gravity's effect on the weldment frame and the hull of the boat to automatically release the boat into the water or automatically retrieve the boat from the water.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 1, 2013
    Date of Patent: June 16, 2015
    Inventor: James J Kirchhan
  • Publication number: 20150123361
    Abstract: A wheeled carrier for manual movement of material includes a base frame with a pair of frame rails. The frame rails are turned down at the front end with a first bracket connecting the rails and providing a mounting point for at least one wheel and a receiver between the frame rails. The wheel is positioned so that it does not extend above either of the frame rails. A second bracket extends between the frame rails and includes a release mechanism positioned between the frame rails. An attachment including a yoke may be releasably mounted to the base frame. The yoke extends between the receiver of the first bracket and the release mechanism of the second bracket and engages the receiver and the release mechanism. The attachment further including a load carrying arrangement configured to rest on the frame rails above the at least one wheel without engaging the wheel.
    Type: Application
    Filed: December 2, 2013
    Publication date: May 7, 2015
    Inventor: Timothy C. Willett
  • Patent number: 8857826
    Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to a wheelbarrow having a wheelbarrow lateral support. The wheelbarrow lateral support includes a first arm, a second arm, and a horizontal support area configured to connect the first arm and the second arm. The wheelbarrow lateral support further includes a first extension of subjection connected to the first arm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 23, 2013
    Date of Patent: October 14, 2014
    Assignee: Truper, SA DE CV
    Inventor: Moises Sheinberg Frenkel
  • Patent number: 8657309
    Abstract: The invention provides a wheeling device for a packaged article which may be directly attached to the packaging of the article and which comprises wheeling means. The invention also provides a wheelable package for an article comprising at least one wheeling device according to the present invention, the wheeling device being directly attached to the package. The invention further provides a method of improving the handlability of a packaged article comprising directly attaching to the packaging of the article one or more wheeling devices of the invention.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 19, 2010
    Date of Patent: February 25, 2014
    Assignee: Items Products (NPD) Limited
    Inventors: Gerald Taylor, Paul Whiles, Stephen Whiles
  • Patent number: 8398097
    Abstract: A retainer extends across first and second overlapping hinged beams to retain the hinged beams against pivotal movement.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 2010
    Date of Patent: March 19, 2013
    Assignee: Briggs & Stratton Corporation
    Inventors: Richard A. Junk, Ryan S. Jaskowiak
  • Patent number: 8219308
    Abstract: An engine-propelled monowheel vehicle comprises two wheels, close together, that circumscribe the remainder of the vehicle. When the vehicle is moving forward, the closely spaced wheels act as a single wheel, and the vehicle turns by leaning the wheels. A single propulsion system provides a drive torque that is shared by the two wheels. A separate steering torque, provided by a steering motor, is added to one wheel while being subtracted from the other wheel, enabling the wheels to rotate in opposite directions for turning the vehicle at zero forward velocity. The vehicle employs attitude sensors, for sensing roll, pitch, and yaw, and an automatic balancing system. A flywheel in the vehicle spins at a high rate around a spin axis, wherein the spin axis is rotatable with respect to the vehicle's frame. The axis angle and flywheel spin speed are continually adjustable to generate torques for automatic balancing.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 2, 2010
    Date of Patent: July 10, 2012
    Inventor: Karl F. Leeser
  • Publication number: 20110260420
    Abstract: A unique system comprises five different devices combined into one to save cost, time, labor, and space. All the five different devices have on-the-fly shape-and-function-shifting capability for changing their shapes and functions and automatically locking them in the shapes and functions while they are in motion, to eliminate the needs for stopping, putting down, unlocking, adjusting, relocking, and picking up the system. The unique five-device-in-one system has multi-purpose shock absorbers, automatic multi-position locking device, utility-bag spreaders, quick-release multi-purpose container, and ground-level dustpan. The unique five-device-in-one system comprises the five following devices: 1) A wheelbarrow, 2) A wheel harvest-bag trash-bag caddy, 3) A wheel tool-refreshment caddy, 4) A dump truck, and 5) A hand truck. All the five different devices above of the system can change their shapes and functions while in motion and can function, simultaneously.
    Type: Application
    Filed: April 22, 2011
    Publication date: October 27, 2011
    Inventor: Dee Volin
  • Patent number: 8002291
    Abstract: A heavy panel transport system and method. The system includes a load-bearing horizontal bar for supporting a substantially planar panel placed upon the horizontal bar. The system also includes a lateral support bar attached to the horizontal bar to provide sideways support to the substantially planar panel. The system also includes a wheel system operable without gears. The wheel system includes a wheel disposed between a fork. Here, the horizontal bar and lateral support bar are then mounted over the wheel system for steering and propelling the system in a desired direction.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 6, 2007
    Date of Patent: August 23, 2011
    Inventor: Avelino A. Sandoval
  • Publication number: 20110067937
    Abstract: A frictional drive device comprises a pair of drive disks (48) each rotatably supported by a frame (2, 42) around a central axial line (A) in a mutually opposing relationship, and a pair of actuators (64) supported by the frame for individually rotatively actuating the drive disks and coaxially disposed with respect to the corresponding drive disks, a plurality of drive rollers (56) arranged along an outer periphery of each drive disk and each having a rotational center line so as to be rotatable along a plane which is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the central axial line, and an annular main wheel (85) disposed approximately coaxially with respect to the central axial line and engaged by the drive rollers of the drive disks, the main wheel comprising an annular member (86) and a plurality of driven rollers (92) supported along the annular member so as to be rotatable around a tangential line of the annular member.
    Type: Application
    Filed: September 17, 2010
    Publication date: March 24, 2011
    Applicant: HONDA MOTOR CO., LTD.
    Inventors: Hiroshi GOMI, Shinichiro KOBASHI, Toru TAKENAKA, Kazushi Akimoto, Yuichi Uebayashi, Kazushi HAMAYA, Wataru YADA, Hironori Waita
  • Patent number: 7900939
    Abstract: A wheelbarrow configurable as a kit for a wheelbarrow having a first and second side frames defining two laterally spaced-apart longitudinal portions, to which an axle is mounted with a wheel rotatably mounted thereto, and to which a body, such as a tub or flat bed, is mounted for carrying a load. The side frames are capable of being connected to leg structures, each of which includes a straight base portion configured for aligning with and engaging the ground. Forward cross-braces are capable of being connected from a forward end of each base portion to a first point on the main frame, and rearward cross-braces are capable of being connected from a rearward end of each base portion to a second point on the main frame proximately adjacent to the first point. A lateral member is capable of extending from longitudinal portions of the side frames, and a lateral cross brace is capable of extending from each leg structure to the lateral member.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 19, 2007
    Date of Patent: March 8, 2011
    Inventor: Douglas Robinson
  • Patent number: 7871089
    Abstract: A trash container hand truck system includes a container that has a bottom wall and a peripheral wall. Wheels are attached to the peripheral wall and a cover is hingedly coupled to the container. A post has a bottom end, a top end and a front side. A plate is attached to the front side of the post adjacent to the bottom end. The plate is positionable under the bottom wall. A support is attached to the post and extends laterally away in opposite directions from the front side of the post. A pair of hooks is attached to the support and engage the handle. An arm has a first end and a second end. The first end is hingedly coupled to the post and extends rearward of the front side. A wheel is rotatably coupled to the second end of the arm.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 11, 2007
    Date of Patent: January 18, 2011
    Inventor: Hilton J. Henderson
  • Patent number: 7775531
    Abstract: The use of a pivotal coupling on a cart of the wheelbarrow type allows for a downwardly applied pressure to the user ends of the handles to tip the bucket to at least begin the dumping action of the cart. Following the initial downward pressure with the handles still elevationally displaced downward an upward lift applied to the user ends of the handles completes the dumping action of the cart. Use of multiple pivotal axises on the cart provide for an extremely efficient operation. Various enhancements are explained including locking of the orientation of the cart following the initial dump, wheel blocking to prevent rotation of the ground support wheel relative to the bucket during at least a portion of the final dumping action and stabilization enhancement to prevent lateral tipping of the cart during the final dumping action.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 19, 2007
    Date of Patent: August 17, 2010
    Inventor: Felton Zimmerman
  • Patent number: 7748723
    Abstract: A device for stabilizing and supporting wheelbarrows which maintains the balance and increases the resistance of a system (wheelbarrow) including an angled monolithic body which is made up of two arms which define a triangular shape, whose ends have holes for the insertion of affixing means to affix to the leg of a wheelbarrow. In one embodiment, one of said arms makes up an arched area along most of its length which generates two points of support, a first point of support defined on the end of the joint affixing with the leg of the wheelbarrow and a second point of support defined in the area near where the two arms meet to define that angle. The arched area of the arm, positioned substantially horizontally and defining the two points of support, absorbs deformation, and also absorbs the load applied to the element, bringing more stability to the wheelbarrow on flat or irregular surfaces, providing a stabilizer comprised by each leg.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 2007
    Date of Patent: July 6, 2010
    Assignee: Truper Herramientas, S.A. DE C.V.
    Inventor: Salvador Iturbide Jiménez
  • Patent number: 7600764
    Abstract: A pedestrian trailer is disclosed. An illustrative embodiment of the pedestrian trailer includes a towing belt, a hitch coupling provided on the towing belt and a wheeled trailer frame detachably coupled to the hitch coupling and having a trailer interior.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 6, 2007
    Date of Patent: October 13, 2009
    Inventor: George Parker
  • Patent number: 7549648
    Abstract: A highly maneuverable, multi-use, human-powered cart for comfortably transporting substantial loads. A cargo basket is defined between upper and lower subframes forming a rigid, low-profile frame at the middle of the trailer. The frame rear terminates in a pair of articulated forks supporting a large wheel that bears most of the cargo weight. An adjustable and pivoted yoke assembly at the front of the frame supports an articulated harness assembly worn by the user. The yoke assembly preferably comprises an upwardly angled yoke tube slidably coupled and pivoted to the frame front at the tube's lower end. Height adjustments are facilitated by the slidably adjustable yoke tube relative to the frame to accommodate various user heights. The device folds for storage or for carrying on the users back while crossing challenging terrain.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 5, 2007
    Date of Patent: June 23, 2009
    Inventors: Daniel Girard, Christopher Riccio, Philip Tomasi
  • Patent number: 7484737
    Abstract: A versatile carrier is provided having the ability to switch from a configuration being towed behind a user to a configuration being carried on the user's back like a conventional backpack. The carrier is comprised of a frame having a front end and a rear end, a linkage member having a front end and a rear end, a harness, and at least one wheel coupled to the rear end of the frame. The front end of the linkage member is coupled to the harness while the rear end is couple to the frame. The coupling allows the front end of the frame to be supported by the linkage member. The coupling also allows the frame to transfer from the towed position to the user's back with ease and without removal of the carrier from the user.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 16, 2005
    Date of Patent: February 3, 2009
    Inventor: Dale Jeffrey Satorius
  • Patent number: 7398980
    Abstract: The inventive self-leveling wheelbarrows include novel locking mechanisms for maintaining the wheelbarrow at a horizontally level position relative to the underlying terrain.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 6, 2005
    Date of Patent: July 15, 2008
    Inventors: Seth Murph Capers, Jr., Seth Murphy Capers
  • Patent number: 7334803
    Abstract: An improved wheelbarrow featuring a retractable configuration that permits ready emptying of a wheelbarrow receptacle, with reduced need to tilt, lift or invert the wheelbarrow. A wheelbarrow is disclosed with a retractable configuration that is optionally operable by the user to create an egress for wheelbarrow cargo.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 19, 2006
    Date of Patent: February 26, 2008
    Inventor: Jason Gonzalez
  • Patent number: 7331587
    Abstract: A wheelbarrow including a wheel guard having tines with a reduced lateral width. The wheelbarrow has a frame assembly with two handle assemblies that are angled toward each other terminating in a forward yoke. The wheel guard has a bight, a first and second tine, each tine having a proximal end structured to be coupled to the bight and distal end structured to be coupled to the wheelbarrow yoke. Each tine has a longitudinal axis that is generally aligned with a handle assembly longitudinal axis. The first and second tine distal ends each have a first lateral thickness and each first and second tine proximal end has a second lateral thickness. The first and second tine distal end first lateral thickness is greater than the first and second tine proximal end second lateral thickness.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 26, 2006
    Date of Patent: February 19, 2008
    Assignee: Ames True Temper, Inc.
    Inventors: Eric D. Hyp, Barry R. Albert
  • Patent number: 7322584
    Abstract: A pedestrian trailer is disclosed. The pedestrian trailer includes a trailer frame for supporting a load and at least one wheel which renders the trailer frame portable. A load-stabilizing towing belt may be worn by a pedestrian and removably engage the trailer frame as he or she pulls or tows the pedestrian trailer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 27, 2005
    Date of Patent: January 29, 2008
    Inventor: George C. Parker
  • Patent number: 7296807
    Abstract: The use of a pivotal coupling on a cart of the wheelbarrow type allows for a downwardly applied pressure to the user ends of the handles to tip the bucket to at least begin the dumping action of the cart. Following the initial downward pressure with the handles still elevationally displaced downward an upward lift applied to the user ends of the handles completes the dumping action of the cart. Use of multiple pivotal axises on the cart provide for an extremely efficient operation. Various enhancements are explained including locking of the orientation of the cart following the initial dump, wheel blocking to prevent rotation of the ground support wheel relative to the bucket during at least a portion of the final dumping action and stabilization enhancement to prevent lateral tipping of the cart during the final dumping action.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 16, 2005
    Date of Patent: November 20, 2007
    Inventor: Felton Zimmerman
  • Patent number: 7232135
    Abstract: A wheelbarrow has a main frame defining two laterally spaced-apart longitudinal portions, to which an axle is mounted with a wheel rotatably mounted thereto, and to which a body, such as a tub or flat bed, is mounted for carrying a load. Attached to the main frame are leg structures, each of which includes a straight base portion configured for aligning with and engaging the ground. Forward cross-braces are connected from a forward end of each base portion to a first point on the main frame, and rearward cross-braces are connected from a rearward end of each base portion to a second point on the main frame proximately adjacent to the first point. A lateral member extends from one longitudinal portion of the main frame to the other longitudinal portion, and a lateral cross brace extends from each leg structure to the lateral member.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 16, 2004
    Date of Patent: June 19, 2007
    Inventor: Douglas Robinson
  • Patent number: 7195248
    Abstract: An wheelbarrow attachment for a typical wheelbarrow, the attachment removably fitting over the lip and bucket of the back of the wheelbarrow and therefrom extending upward and backward from the rear of the bucket. The u-channels fitting the bucket are connectively braced. Inner uprights attach to the u-channels and are adjustably fitted for height, and fore and aft adjustment of a padded cross plate connecting the inner uprights. A user braces and pushes with his/her body, offering greater force for propelling the wheelbarrow and greater stability in handling a loaded wheelbarrow.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 26, 2005
    Date of Patent: March 27, 2007
    Inventor: Gregg B. Miesch
  • Patent number: 7165290
    Abstract: Caster wheel assemblies that may be snap-fitted onto a cylindrical tank or drum are shown and described. Also dolly-wheel assemblies that include an axle supported by two wheels are also disclosed which may be snap-fitted onto a cylindrical tank or drum. The caster wheel assemblies and dolly wheel assemblies disclosed herein may be easily mounted onto a tank or drum without the need for a separate supporting platform. A flexible nature of the caster wheel assemblies and wheel-dolly assemblies enables them to be snap-fitted onto tanks of varying diameters.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 2, 2003
    Date of Patent: January 23, 2007
    Assignee: Shop-Vac Corporation
    Inventors: David Martinez, Robert Lent Crevling, Jr.
  • Patent number: 7134676
    Abstract: The inventive wheelbarrow provides novel features that allow the wheelbarrow to remain level on uneven or sloping terrain when parked, thereby providing more stability.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 2, 2004
    Date of Patent: November 14, 2006
    Inventors: Seth Murph Capers, Jr., Seth Murphy Capers
  • Patent number: 6955367
    Abstract: A wheeled mover for a picnic table and a method of use is disclosed. The mover includes two posts attached to opposite sides of a table. The lower ends of the posts terminate in wheels. The posts pivot between a first position wherein the picnic table rests upon the ground and a second position wherein the picnic table is raised for wheeled transport.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 26, 2004
    Date of Patent: October 18, 2005
    Assignee: R. J. Thomas Mfg. Co., Inc.
    Inventors: Robert A. Simonsen, Wayne W. Morris, Michael W. Reed, Richard R. England
  • Patent number: 6935643
    Abstract: The hiker's trail carrier may be used for transport of cargo while walking or hiking. The trail carrier may have a pair of lower longitudinal members having a wheel rotatably mounted therebetween at an axle end of each and a transverse member attached between the lower longitudinal members intermediate the axle ends and a forward end of each. A pair of upper longitudinal members may be spaced apart and attached to the transverse member and a pair of vertical members may be attached to the upper longitudinal members and to the axle end. A pair of handle members may be pivotally attached to the lower longitudinal members intermediate the axle end and the forward end.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 20, 2003
    Date of Patent: August 30, 2005
    Inventor: Donald V. Purpuro
  • Patent number: 6908089
    Abstract: A semi-enclosed pouring chute attachment for a wheelbarrow. The attachment sits on the front of the wheelbarrow and is secured by upper side channels and either rope of shock/bungee cords from the sides of the attachment to the handles of the wheelbarrow. In an alternate embodiment, the wheelbarrow container may have a funnel end as an integral part thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 26, 2002
    Date of Patent: June 21, 2005
    Inventors: Timothy R. Stark, Allan B. Williamson
  • Patent number: 6902184
    Abstract: A foldable garden wagon includes a wheel frame, and two push racks. The wheel frame has two positioning tubes each formed with a locking hole and an arc-shaped guide slot. Each of the two push racks has an insertion portion inserted into a respective one of the two positioning tubes and provided with a spring-biased locking pin detachably locked in the locking hole, and a spring-biased limit pin movably mounted in the arc-shaped guide slot. Thus, the foldable garden wagon can be folded when not in use, so as to reduce of the volume thereof, thereby saving space of storage.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 12, 2003
    Date of Patent: June 7, 2005
    Inventor: Shih-Hao Hsu
  • Patent number: 6886838
    Abstract: The use of a pivotal coupling on a cart of the wheelbarrow type allows for a downwardly applied pressure to the user ends of the handles to tip the bucket to at least begin the dumping action of the cart. Following the initial downward pressure with the handles still elevationally displaced downward an upward lift applied to the user ends of the handles completes the dumping action of the cart. Use of multiple pivotal axises on the cart provide for an extremely efficient operation. Various enhancements are explained including locking of the orientation of the cart following the initial dump, wheel blocking to prevent rotation of the ground support wheel relative to the bucket during at least a portion of the final dumping action and stabilization enhancement to prevent lateral tipping of the cart during the final dumping action.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 22, 2003
    Date of Patent: May 3, 2005
    Assignee: Zimmco
    Inventor: Felton Zimmerman
  • Patent number: 6845992
    Abstract: Container moving apparatus (10) including a frame having two side members (12, 14), which are connected at an upper location by a handle section (16). Each side member has a clamping member (20, 22) secured at a lower position. The clamping members (20, 22) are secured to the side members (12, 14) through roller bearings (24, 26) in order for the clamping members (20, 22) to rotate relative to the side members (12, 14). The clamping members (20, 22) are arranged to clamp a container (32) therebetween in order for the container (32) to be rolled along a surface under the control of the handle section (10). The clamping members (20, 22) can be moved apart in order to release the container (32) and move towards each other in order to claim the container (32).
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 18, 2000
    Date of Patent: January 25, 2005
    Inventor: Graham Gee
  • Patent number: 6755478
    Abstract: A combined device is designed for multiple purposes including: hauling and dumping, bagging lawn and garden debris, and simultaneously carrying gardening tools and supplies. The device includes a wheelbarrow device with a container that lifts from its rear and flips forward from a horizontal position to beyond vertical about a pivot point elevated by supports or braces such that the combined device can remain level with the ground while it is being emptied and thereby the combined device can stably maintain a load of gardening tools and supplies.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 30, 2002
    Date of Patent: June 29, 2004
    Inventor: Kenneth H. Messinger-Rapport
  • Publication number: 20030155728
    Abstract: A movement apparatus for a package having a package outer surface, the apparatus including a roller assembly having an axle mounted roller axle and a roller axle attachment structure for attaching the roller to the package so that the roller extends below the package; and a handle assembly having a handle and a handle attachment structure for attaching the handle to the package so that the handle extends outwardly from the package for gripping by a user to pull the package over a support surface as the package rides on the roller.
    Type: Application
    Filed: February 19, 2002
    Publication date: August 21, 2003
    Inventor: John Dacosta
  • Patent number: 6575481
    Abstract: A picnic table moving system having a wheeled attachment connected to a first end of a picnic table and a pair of handles attachable to a second end of a picnic table. The picnic table moving system has a wheeled attachment which attaches to the crossbar and upper support bar of a picnic table to position the wheel underneath the first end of the table. A jacking system may be incorporated into the attachment to lift the table onto the wheel. Handles provided at the other end lock onto the crossbar or similar surface of the picnic table to provide leverage and stability when lifting the table onto the wheel and when rolling the table around on the wheel during transportation of the table.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 7, 1999
    Date of Patent: June 10, 2003
    Inventor: Jeffrey L. Davis
  • Patent number: 6450515
    Abstract: Pallets and other structures with runners used in storing and transporting material may be fitted with wheels. The wheels permit the pallets and other structures, and the material placed thereon, to be moved by hand. The wheels may also facilitate movement of some pallets or the like with mechanical assistance. The wheels may be removably attached to both double deck and single deck pallets or other structures with runners and are retained thereon by a snug resilient fit. Installation may be accomplished by hand or with simple tools, such as by a hammer. Installation forces resilient walls of the wheel assembly over a deckboard or stringer board of the structure. The resilient walls may include retaining structure, such as barbs, to assist in holding the wheel assemble on the structure.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 10, 2000
    Date of Patent: September 17, 2002
    Inventor: James F. Guth