Abstract: A method for fabricating a double layer cup-shaped part may include shaping a first material into a hollow cylinder, mounting the hollow cylinder on a draw punch, where the draw punch may include an upper punch portion with a first diameter and a lower punch portion with a second smaller diameter. Mounting the hollow cylinder on the draw punch may include tightly fitting the hollow cylinder around the lower punch portion. The method may further include forming the double layer cup-shaped part by drawing a blank material through a draw die by placing the blank material over an upper opening of the draw die, and pressing the draw punch over the blank material. The first material may form an inner layer of the double layer cup-shaped part and the blank material may form an outer cup-shaped layer of the double layer cup-shaped part.

Abstract: A piston pin assembly is provided including a cylindrical pin body having a hollow interior. A mass is disposed in the hollow interior of the cylindrical pin body and a viscoelastic, plastic, or elastomeric material is disposed in the hollow interior between the mass and the cylindrical pin body. The mass and viscoelastic, plastic, and elastomeric material provides a damper for the piston and piston pin to delay the acceleration of piston lateral motion and stabilize the piston rotation and reduce the noise and friction.

Abstract: An adjustable strap holder comprises a housing having an end face and a channel that extends from the end face axially into the housing. The adjustable strap holder also comprises an extension rod or bar that extends into the channel of the housing so as to have an exposed end that extends from the end face and a strap button secured to the exposed end of the extension rod. Further, the adjustable strap holder comprises a release mechanism coupled to the channel, where the release mechanism is operated by a user so as to allow the extension rod to be adjusted axially relative to the end face and/or removed from the instrument body.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method of adjusting capacities of combustion chambers of a multi-cylinder engine having a cylinder head with recessed parts that partially form the combustion chambers and a mating surface for mating with a cylinder block, which includes casting a cylinder head material having flat reference surfaces on top of the recessed parts of the cylinder head, machining the cylinder head material to form the mating surface, measuring distances in a height direction from the mating surface to the reference surfaces, respectively, and adjusting machining margins of machining portions of the reference surfaces of the recessed parts based on the measured height direction distances.

Abstract: An exemplary method of making a piston assembly may include providing a piston crown defining at least in part an upper combustion bowl surface. The piston crown includes at least one crown mating surface. The method further comprising moving the crown mating surface in proximity to a skirt mating surface defined by a piston skirt, wherein the crown and skirt cooperate to define a cooling gallery extending about a periphery of the crown. The method may further include bonding the crown and skirt together by initiating an electric current along a conductive path between the crown and skirt mating surfaces, the conductive path comprising at least one conductive material extending from the crown mating surface to the skirt mating surface.

Abstract: Pin bosses of a piston for an internal combustion engine each have a pin bore for supporting a piston pin. In order to reduce the tangential stresses in the zenith area of the pin bores, and thus to extend the service life of the piston, the inner areas of the pin bores as viewed in the direction of the bore axis have areas on both sides of the zenith that have a greater distance from the bore axis than the zenith of the pin bore, and the outer areas of the pin bores, as viewed in the direction of the bore axis, are transversely oval relative to the piston axis.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston includes a pair of pin bosses formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy spaced from one another in an axial direction. Each of the pin bosses has a generally circular opening for receiving a wrist pin. The pin bosses are formed integrally with surrounding areas of the piston, and each pin boss has a zone with increased hardness relative to the surrounding areas of the piston. The zone with increased hardness is at the inner periphery of the generally circular opening and resists deformation from forces between the piston and a wrist pin during operation of the internal combustion engine. Preferably, the zone with increased hardness has a dendritic microstructure with primary silicon crystallites dispersed throughout; are substantially free of pores and cracks; and have a Vickers Hardness Value of between 169 and 177.

Abstract: A piston pin includes a cylindrical sleeve and an insert, the insert material having a lower volume weight than that of a material of the sleeve,. For instance, the insert can be made of an aluminium alloy, of titanium, of a TiAl alloy or of a composite material. The insert has a length approximately equal to, or less than, that of the sleeve and is firmly secured to the latter by force- or interference-fitting.

Abstract: A method for the production of a piston for an internal combustion engine, in which a piston blank is forged, which is subsequently separated into two parts, to form an upper piston part and a lower piston part, after which the lower piston part and the upper piston part are machined and then welded to one another. Subsequently, the piston is finished. During forging of the piston blank, the top of the piston blank is partly given the shape of the underside of the upper piston part, and the underside of the piston blank is given the shape that corresponds to the interior of the lower piston part. After forging of the piston blank and before separation of the upper piston part from the lower piston part, the top of the piston blank is given the finished shape of the underside of the upper piston part by a cutting machining method.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for inserting a piston pin wire lock ring, particularly Circlips, into a locking groove of a wrist pin bore of a piston. The wire lock ring is radially pre-compressed and thus reduced in size in such a manner that its outside diameter is smaller than the inner diameter of the piston wrist pin bore, by insertion of the ring into a sleeve/tube. While still in the sleeve/tube, the wire lock ring is subsequently inserted, in its compressed state, into the pin bore where it is then uncompressed and released into the locking groove of the piston bore through the use of a plunger inserted in the sleeve/tube to push the lock ring past the end of the sleeve/tube.

Abstract: A wrist pin and method of reducing wear between members thereof, a piston, a connecting rod, and methods of construction thereof are provided. The wrist pin has a first portion extending between opposite ends configured for receipt in piston pin bores and a second portion extending between opposite ends configured for receipt in the pin bores. The second portion is configured for relative movement with the first portion. The piston includes a piston body having axially aligned pin bores, wherein at least one of the pin bores has a feature to prevent relative rotation of a wrist pin member. The connecting rod includes a connecting rod body having small end bore. The small end bore has a contour to allow relative rotation of a first wrist pin member therein and a feature to prevent relative rotation of a second wrist pin member therein.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a connecting rod assembly including the steps of defining a small end of a connecting rod assembly having a terminal end and then defining a pin bore extending through the small end of the connecting rod assembly. A pair of channels is formed on opposite sides of the small end of the connecting rod assembly wherein the axis of each of the channels is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the pin bore. At least partially annular grooves are formed within the pin bore adjacent the distal end of the pin bore. The connecting rod assembly is then machined to reduce the width of the small end between each channel and the terminal end to provide a small end having a reduced width configuration wherein the grooves are disposed along at least a portion of the distal end to reduce the need to deburr the area adjacent the pin bore.

Abstract: A method of producing a cooling channel piston for an internal combustion engine having a cooling channel in its piston crown, wherein a piston lower section with piston bosses, piston pin bores and piston skirts attach to the piston crown, wherein a piston blank is first produced with a circumferential collar radially projecting in the area of the piston crown, wherein the collar is then formed over, wherein, a seating area for the collar is formed in a transition zone between the piston crown and the piston lower section and the collar is formed over in such a way until its outer radially circumferential edge comes very close to or butts completely against the seating area to form a closed cooling channel.

Abstract: A multi-axially forged mono-bloc piston includes a lower crown part forged of steel and including a pair of pin bosses and an integral skirt formed as one piece with the pin bosses 20. The lower crown part is friction welded to an upper crown part to form at least one closed oil gallery within the piston head. The lower crown part is forged in the longitudinal direction of the piston as well as laterally to impart longitudinal and laterally forged features of the piston. The laterally forged features may comprise undercut recesses formed in the piston skirt to reduce material in the overall piston structure. The lateral forging may also result in the piston skirt portion being discoupled from the piston head by laterally forged slots formed in the lower crown part 14 between the skirt and head.

Abstract: A method is provided for cold forming center web or webless tapered piston pins in one forming sequence. The method eliminates secondary operations such as but not limited to machining, annealing, coating and secondary forming. The method includes the steps of cutting a metal rod into a substantially cylindrical slug piece, die extruding the slug piece to form a first cavity in the slug piece, optionally die extruding the slug piece to form a second cavity in the slug piece, piercing the slug piece to form the slug piece into a hollow cylindrical piece, die extruding the hollow cylindrical piece at either end to form a hollow cylindrical piece having a taper on an internal surface of the hollow cylindrical piece at either end.

Abstract: A pin assembly including a piston pin configured to couple a piston to a connecting rod. The piston pin includes a pin body having an inner cavity and a stiffening rib positioned to resist forces applied to the pin body by a connecting rod. The assembly further includes a pair of ovalarity-resisting ribs and a pair of shear-resisting ribs. Each shear-resisting rib is axially positioned between one of the ovalarity-resisting ribs and the stiffening rib and positioned to resist shear forces applied to the pin body by a connecting rod and a piston. The assembly further includes at least one insert received in the inner cavity, wherein the at least one insert provides at least one of the stiffening rib, or at least one of the ovalarity-resisting ribs, or at least one of the shear-resisting ribs.

Abstract: A piston pin for connecting the small connecting rod eye of a connecting rod to a piston of a combustion engine and a method for manufacturing the piston pin. The piston has boss bores aligned with the small connecting rod eye for receiving the piston pin. The surface of the piston pin is provided with a coating comprising a resin containing suspended solid lubricant particles.

Abstract: A method is provided for cold forming center web or webless tapered piston pins in one forming sequence. The method eliminates secondary operations such as but not limited to machining, annealing, coating and secondary forming. The method includes the steps of cutting a metal rod into a substantially cylindrical slug piece, die extruding the slug piece to form a first cavity in the slug piece, optionally die extruding the slug piece to form a second cavity in the slug piece, piercing the slug piece to form the slug piece into a hollow cylindrical piece, die extruding the hollow cylindrical piece at either end to form a hollow cylindrical piece having a taper on an internal surface of the hollow cylindrical piece at either end.

Abstract: A piston includes a piston structure being unitarily formed in a powder metallurgy process, the piston structure having a crown assembly and a skirt assembly, at least a partial combustion chamber being formed intersecting a piston crown surface during the powder metallurgy process, the skirt assembly depending from the crown assembly and having two spaced apart pin bosses, each pin boss having a pin bore defined therein, a pair of opposed semi-circular skirt members, each skirt member extending outwardly from and being integrally joined to both of the pin bosses. The piston may be formed by executing a powder metallurgy process on at least two different metallic constituents to define a non-homogenous piston structure. A method of forming a piston is further included.

Abstract: A method for the production of a one piece piston for an internal combustion engine. The piston has a ring shaped cooling channel arranged in an outer region of a piston head. The channel is partially closed off by a circumferential projection structured as an oil groove. The piston is produced in a simple and inexpensive manner using a piston blank using cutting work such as lathing.

Abstract: A die cast aluminum piston for a reciprocating compressor. The piston is cast with no coring and thus includes no aperture in the as-cast piston for a wrist pin. The aperture for the wrist pin is subsequently formed in the wrist pin in a preselected location after casting. The wrist pin is formed of a preselected diameter. Because the wrist pin can be placed in a preselected location with a preselected diameter, the same cast piston design can be used in a plurality of applications by varying the location of the aperture or the size of the aperture, or both.

Abstract: A piston-pin lock-ring-insertion tool has a ring-insertion tube (1) in ring-insertion relationship to a ring pusher (2). The ring-insertion tube has an inside periphery with a press-close taper (8) that is tapered inwardly from a ring-feeder end (6) to a ring-guide bore (9) that is cylindrical uniformly intermediate the press-close taper and a ring-insertion end of the ring-insertion tube. The ring-insertion end (7) of the ring-insertion tube has a perpendicularity surface (10) that is adapted for alignment of the ring-guide bore and a piston-pin bore (4) in a crankshaft-engine piston (5). The ring pusher has a pusher taper (26) with a pusher head (12) adapted for being buttressed against a side of lock ring (3) for pushing the lock ring from a major diameter to a minor diameter of the press-close taper proximate a circumferential entrance to the ring-guide bore. The ring pusher has a slide rod (13) that is oppositely disposed end-to-end from the pusher head.

Abstract: A method for reducing the incidence of piston pin failure by providing a retainer assembly for piston pin plugs such that the plugs cannot be removed or shaken lose during operation. A plastic rod is inserted into the piston pin, and the rod is ultrasonically welded to the stems of mushroom-shaped plastic piston plugs such that the plugs cover the open ends of the pin and are held in place by the cooperation of structure between the plugs and the rod. In an alternate embodiment, the stem of each pin plug is hollow and a respective internally threaded brass insert is disposed in the stem and ultrasonically welded therein. An externally threaded rod is then engaged with the two internally threaded inserts to hold the plugs on the piston pin.

Abstract: The invention concerns a refrigerant compressor with a cylinder block (1), a valve plate (4), a pipe connectable or connected with a suction muffler, a cover (2) covering the valve plate (4), a first sealing (3) between cover and valve plate and a second sealing (5) between valve plate and cylinder block. On assembling the refrigerant compressor it should be provided that the flow resistance of the suction gas is reduced as much as possible. For this purpose, each of the following pairs of members, cover. (2) and pipe (29), pipe (29) and valve plate (4) and valve plate (4) and cylinder block (1), has an alignment device for its members with at least two guiding elements, and that the members (2, 29, 4, 1) are assembled in a direction, which is substantially parallel to the guiding elements.

Abstract: A light metal piston for internal combustion engines which includes a bearing bushing comprising a shell wrapped from a rolled strip or band shaped metal material. The shell has a butt joint which is closed in a pressed-in state, with a preferred orientation of the metallurgical grain areas being formed in the circumferential direction of the shell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a filled piston assembly for a hydraulic pump or motor. The filled hydraulic piston assembly includes a blank piston body having first and second ends and a cavity or compartment in the piston body extending inwardly from one of the ends. The piston is filled with a lightweight solid insert element which is placed into the compartment of the piston. The material of the blank piston body is then cold formed around the insert element to encapsulate the element. The piston body is then further cold rolled to receive a spherical ball in one end. It is then cut to length, machine finished, and a longitudinal center bore is drilled therein.