Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus includes: a casing that houses a compressor therein; a four-way switching valve; an accumulator; a first pipe that causes a refrigerant to flow between the four-way switching valve and a discharge portion of the compressor; and a second pipe that causes a refrigerant to flow between the four-way switching valve and the accumulator. The four-way switching valve, the first pipe, and the second pipe are all made of stainless steel.

Abstract: A gate valve including a valve body, a gate assembly, an operating end, a balancing end, and a valve bore assembly. The valve bore assembly includes two sets of components positioned on either side of the gate assembly to maintain the axial alignment of the gate assembly within the valve body during actuation between an open configuration and a closed configuration.

Abstract: A sprung gate for a valve having an endless elastic band sandwiched between first and second gate members that each define an opening therethrough in an open position portion thereof, which collectively form a passage through the sprung gate. The first gate member includes a fastener connected to a fastener receiving member of the second gate member thereby securing the first and second gate members together as a unit. This sprung gate unit is operatively connected to an actuator for linear translation within a pocket of a conduit to control fluid flow through the conduit. This assembled device may be manufactured using spin welding to sealingly mate the conduit to a housing enclosing the actuator.

Abstract: The invention provides a valve which suppresses a continuous corrosion of a chemical compound phase such as an eutectic carbide or the like in a valve seat, and improves a corrosion resistance, an impact resistance and an erosion resistance of the valve seat. The invention disperses a chemical compound phase such as the eutectic carbide or the like crystallizing in a dendrite gap as a granular shape or a blocky shape which is equal to or less than about 100 ?m, by moving a tool rotating in a crimped state by a load application to a vertical direction to a surface of the valve seat so as to carry out a friction stir processing, and forming a weld metallographic structure of a surface layer portion of the valve seat as a cubic.

Abstract: According to various aspects, exemplary embodiments are disclosed of a one-piece collar-tube for a valve assembly. Also disclosed are valve assemblies that include a one-piece collar-tube. Also disclosed are exemplary embodiments of methods. In an exemplary embodiment, a method generally includes integrally forming a collar portion and a tube portion for a valve assembly from a non-magnetic material as a single piece having a monolothic construction.

Abstract: Provided is a control valve for a variable capacity compressor, the control valve including: a valve body including a crank-chamber port, a discharge port, a suction port, a control channel formed inside the control valve such that the crank-chamber port and the discharge port communicate with each other, and a first bleeding channel formed such that the crank-channel port and the suction port communicate with each other; an operating unit provided in the valve body and including a second bleeding channel communicated from a center area to a side surface of the operating unit; and a driving unit provided in the valve body and connected to the operating unit to enable the operating unit to reciprocally move according to a current applied by an external source.

Abstract: A valve mounting fixture is provided for an internal combustion engine. The fixture includes a first plate, a support member, a second support member and a second plate. The first plate has a plurality of through holes to detachably connect to an outside surface of an engine cylinder. The first support member is connected to the first plate and extends outwardly from the outside surface of the engine cylinder. The second support member has a first end connected to the first support member; the second support member has at least one adjustable connector. Further, a second plate is connected to a second end of the second support member, and the second plate has a plurality of mounting holes.

Abstract: A fuel injector for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines includes a solenoid coil; an armature acted upon in a closing direction by a restoring spring; and a valve needle, which is connected to the armature in force-locking manner and on which a valve-closure member is formed, which forms a sealing seat together with a valve seat surface. The armature strikes against a stop face of an inner pole of the solenoid coil by way of a stop face, and the armature stop face is provided with a coating. The coating has a surface structure.

Abstract: A method of producing a diaphragm damper 1 having a high pressure chamber 3 comprised of two diaphragms 2 with flanges 6 welded together and charged inside with a high pressure gas. The diaphragms 2 are made of magnetically attractable thin metal sheets. A pair of jigs 30, 40 provided to face each other inside the pressure vessel 20 hold the diaphragms 2 by magnetic force. The pressure vessel 20 is sealed and evacuated, then the pressure vessel 20 is charged and pressurized by a mixed gas including helium. After this, the pair of jigs 30, 40 are made to approach each other to make the flanges 6 of the pair of diaphragms 2 come into close contact. Inside the pressure vessel 20, the jigs 30, 40 are simultaneously rotated to rotate the pair of diaphragms 2 and a laser beam is fired at the flanges 6 of the diaphragms 2 to weld the flanges 6 over their entire circumferences.

Abstract: A method of assembly of a rotatable flapper valve to an interior of a conduit features the ability to couple the valve plate to its axle outside of the conduit in an independent operation. The conduit is split into first and second sections each having a flared end and a pair of indentations for receipt of the valve axle. While separated, the valve axle is placed in a pair of indentations in one of the conduit sections and then the second conduit section is moved into abutting engagement such that its indentations also partially surround the axle. The first and second conduit sections are then joined by welding.

Abstract: A gate valve has a body, the body having a cavity and a flow passage intersecting the cavity. A seat fabricated from a ceramic and/or hardfacing alloy matrix composite substrate is mounted to the body at the intersection of the flow passage and the cavity. A gate fabricated from a ceramic and/or hardfacing alloy matrix composite substrate is installed at the cavity and has an engaging face that slidingly engages the seat while the gate is being moved between open and closed positions. The engaging faces of the gate and seats are coated with a low-friction material to facilitate sliding. The ceramic and/or hardfacing alloy matrix composite substrate construction of the gate and seats with low friction engaging surfaces enhances the gate valve's bearing stress capacity.

Abstract: The method for manufacturing a solid housing, in particular a valve housing for an electromagnetically operable valve, is characterized in that the following method steps are used: a) providing a sheet metal strip made of a magnetic or magnetizable material, b) introducing an additive into a middle area of the sheet metal strip and fusing there for forming a non-magnetizable structure, c) cutting the sheet metal strip into a sheet metal piece of desired width, d) deforming the sheet metal piece into a sleeve shape, e) mutual fastening of the cut edges now facing each other and running in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve for forming a sleeve blank, f) final machining of the sleeve blank until a desired geometry of the housing is achieved. The housing is suitable in particular for use in fuel injectors in fuel injector systems of mixture-compressing spark-ignition internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a fuel injection valve (10; 10a; 60; 60a), in which a valve needle (40; 40a; 62; 62a) which closes at least one fuel outlet opening (49) is inserted into an injector housing (11), wherein that end of the valve needle (40; 40a; 62; 62a) which lies opposite the at least one fuel outlet opening (49) is guided in a valve element (32) which has a pressurized control chamber (37) which is filled with fuel, wherein the control chamber (37) can be closed on the side which faces away from the valve needle (40; 40a; 62; 62a) by a closing element (23) which forms a passage during opening and is connected at least indirectly to a fuel return line (5) which is under low pressure, wherein fuel volume which is present in the control chamber (37) flows away through the passage after opening of the control chamber (37) by means of the closing element (23), wherein the valve needle (40; 40a; 62; 62a) moves in the direction of the closing element (23), wherein the at least one fue

Abstract: A steam turbine valve has a valve seat, a valve rod or a valve body in which a 3 to 5 mm thick stellite sheet is welded to ferrite cast steel by friction-stir welding, and it is preferable that a stellite layer made of the stellite sheet welded by friction-stir welding is equiaxial crystal and cast structure is not included, that an inclusion of iron into the stellite layer up to 2 mm thick from the surface of the stellite layer in the direction of ferrite cast steel is 3% or less by weight, and that a dilution layer formed between the stellite layer and the ferrite cast steel is 1 to 2 mm thick.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a blowout preventer body includes the steps of: providing more than one billet; forming a first billet to form a first portion of the blowout preventer body; forming a second billet to form a second portion of the blowout preventer body; and welding the billets to form the blowout preventer body.

Abstract: A space-conserving integrated fluid delivery system which is particularly useful for gas distribution in semiconductor processing equipment. The fluid delivery system includes an integrated fluid flow network architecture, which may include, in addition to a layered substrate containing fluid flow channels, various fluid handling and monitoring components. The layered substrate is diffusion bonded, and the various fluid handling and monitoring components may be partially integrated or fully integrated into the substrate, depending on design and material requirements.

Abstract: A micro-valve for controlling fluid flows and a sealing device for sealing off cavities in a microfluid system, in particular in a lab-on-a-chip system, and also a method for the production thereof. A valve body or a sealing element bears with a sealing surface against a sealing surface of a substrate, the valve body or the sealing element is pressed with the sealing surface thereof in a fluid-tight manner against the sealing surface of the substrate by means of a pressure-exerting ring, and the pressure-exerting ring is cohesively connected to the substrate. The pressure-exerting ring and/or the valve body or the sealing element are at least partially elastic.

Abstract: A method for reducing “blow-out” of annular welds for attaching press-fit components in a fuel injector assembly is disclosed. The method employs a multi-step welding procedure whereby a first annular weld bead that corresponds to less than 360° of rotation of the assembly about a longitudinal axis leaves a radial void that is thereafter sealed with a second annular weld bead. In an alternative embodiment, a relief region is formed on radially-facing surfaces of the components, the relief region being disposed adjacent to a press-fit region. A sealed gap is thereby formed in the relief region between the welds and the press-fit region. The sealed gap provides a further means for expansion of trapped gases that could otherwise “blow out” the liquid weld bead.

Abstract: A method of assembling a fuel nozzle includes providing a first nozzle component and a second nozzle component, wherein the first nozzle component is configured and adapted to engage within the second nozzle component. Braze is applied to at least one of the first and second nozzle components. The first nozzle component is assembled into the second nozzle component to provide a diametral interference fit therebetween. The method further includes joining the first and second nozzle components together. A fuel nozzle includes a first cylindrical nozzle component, a second cylindrical nozzle component disposed with an interference fit on an outward surface of the first nozzle component, and a layer of braze joiningly disposed between the first and second nozzle components.

Abstract: There is provided a magnetic microvalve using a metal ball and a method of manufacturing the same. A magnetic microvalve using a metal ball according to an aspect of the invention may include: an upper substrate having a microchannel serving as a passage through which a fluid moves, a fluid inlet through which the fluid flows into the microchannel, and a fluid outlet through which the fluid, having passed through the microchannel, flows out of the microchannel; a lower substrate having a trench locally provided therein; a PDMS/metal ball combination having a metal ball and PDMS surrounding the metal ball so that the metal ball is located in a central portion thereof, the PDMS/metal ball combination being inserted into the trench provided in the lower substrate; and a magnet located above the microchannel, provided in the upper substrate, and generating magnetic force.

Abstract: A variable shim and valve seat assembly for applications in a solenoid actuated fuel injector includes a variable shim having a face, a valve seat having a top surface that interfaces with the face, and mating features integrated in the face of the variable shim and the top surface of the valve seat. The mating features provide axial displacement of the valve seat through rotation of the valve seat relative to the variable shim. The mating features may be ramped surfaces. The amount of seat displacement is dependent on the designed ramp angle, the number of ramps, and the degree of rotation. Once the desired valve stroke is set, the seat is welded to the injector body to achieve a leak free interface. Tight stroke setting tolerances can be achieved by applying an axial load to the seat during stroke setting and welding.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solid housing, in particular a valve housing for an electromagnetically operable valve. The method includes providing at least three flat metal plates side by side, each having different magnetic properties directly adjacent to the others. The at least three plates are joined to the directly adjacent bordering edges to form a sheet metal section. The sheet metal section shaped into a sleeve shape. Furthermore, the bordering edges, which are now opposite one another, and run in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve to form a sleeve blank are joined together. The sleeve blank is machined until a desired geometric shape of the housing is achieved. The housing may be suitable in particular for use in fuel injectors in fuel injector systems of internal combustion engines operating by spark ignition of a compressed fuel-air mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a four-way reversing valve for refrigerating cycle system, in particular to an end cover for fitting with a valve body of a main valve of a four-way reversing valve, a four-way reversing valve using the same and an assembling method thereof. The end cover has a larger diameter section and a smaller diameter section sequentially provided in an axial direction, wherein an outer periphery of the larger diameter section of the end cover is adapted to be tightly connected with the valve body, and an end portion of the smaller diameter section of the end cover is adapted to be fitted with a piston of the main valve, so as to define an operating position of the piston, characterized in that the larger diameter section of the end cover has a frustum shape with a larger outer end and smaller inner end, or an end portion of the larger diameter section of the end cover has radially projected flange for abutting against and fitting with an end surface of the valve body.

Abstract: A process to manufacture an oilfield component comprises selectively reinforcing a base material with an age-hardenable clad material and age-hardening the clad material for a selected time and at a selected temperature profile, wherein the age-hardening results in the clad material developing a selected strength gradient. A body of a ram blowout preventer comprises, a low-ally base material, a vertical bore through the body, and a horizontal bore through the body intersecting the vertical bore, wherein at least a portion of the body is selectively reinforced with a clad material, and wherein the clad material is age-hardened for a selected time and at a selected temperature profile resulting in the clad material developing a selected strength gradient.

Abstract: A method of assembly of a rotatable flapper valve to an interior of a conduit features the ability to couple the valve plate to its axle outside of the conduit in an independent operation. The conduit is split into first and second sections each having a flared end and a pair of indentations for receipt of the valve axle. While separated, the valve axle is placed in a pair of indentations in one of the conduit sections and then the second conduit section is moved into abutting engagement such that its indentations also partially surround the axle. The first and second conduit sections are then joined by welding.

Abstract: In a method for reducing “blow-out” of annular welds for attaching components in a fuel injector, a relief region is formed on radially-facing surfaces of the components. The relief region is adjacent to a press-fit region. The components are then pressed together, and a weld is made in the relief region. A sealed gap is thereby formed in the relief region between the weld and the press-fit region. The sealed gap provides for the expansion of trapped gases that could otherwise “blow out” the liquid weld bead.

Abstract: The invention provides a method capable of manufacturing a micropump check valve, inexpensively and without much trouble or time, which does not cause disadvantages even if a material that dissolves an adhesive is contained in the fluid, and which allows bonding with high accuracy. After a valve forming member and a valve receiving member are bonded, a valve receptor is projected towards a valve part and pretension is applied. Thus, the valve forming member and the valve receiving member can be satisfactorily bonded through a solid phase diffusion bonding method and the like using a relatively inexpensive material, such as stainless steel, without using an adhesive, and the pretension is not reduced when in the annealing state.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a blowout preventer body includes the steps of: providing more than one billet; forming a first billet to form a first portion of the blowout preventer body; forming a second billet to form a second portion of the blowout preventer body; and welding the billets to form the blowout preventer body.

Abstract: Provided is a valve having a structure in which the opening temperature of the valve can be set to an arbitrary temperature, scattering of contents other than a fluid is suppressed, and the valve can be used in both a liquid environment and a gas environment and can also be reduced in size. The valve includes: a silicon substrate; a channel having an opening extending between both surfaces of the silicon substrate; a metal layer formed on one of the surfaces of the silicon substrate without closing the opening of the channel; and a low melting point metal member deposited so as to cover at least a part of the metal layer and to block the opening of the channel.

Abstract: An injection valve has an injector body with a recess and a valve body with a recess and a tip away from which a first axial section of the valve body is formed at an axial end area. The first axial section is arranged in the injector body recess having a slight clearance fit to a wall of the injector body recess. A needle body is partly and axially movable arranged in the injector body recess and protrudes into the valve body recess to prevent a fluid flow through the injection nozzle when closed and enables the fluid flow through the injection nozzle otherwise. A fitting body is formed and arranged between the first axial section of the valve body and the wall of the recess of the injector body such that the valve body and the fitting body are fixed to the injector body by a frictional connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of manufacturing a hot gas valve for a divert and attitude control system in a propelled craft. The methods include the steps of building a valve, or a plurality of separate valve components or segments using a solid free-form fabrication process, and assembling the plurality of separate valve components or segments if necessary to produce the hot gas valve. The solid free-form fabrication process comprises the steps of forming successive feedstock layers by depositing the feedstock material into a predetermined region, the feedstock layers representing successive cross-sectional component slices, and modifying the feedstock by directing an energy source to the predetermined region and thereby creating modified regions in the successive feedstock layers, the combined modified regions defining the hot gas valve or an at least partially-formed valve component or segment.

Abstract: A valve is assembled by telescoping a first body component relative to a second body component until reaching a relative position that corresponds to a predetermined valve operation parameter, such as a valve opening pressure. The first body component is then fixed with respect to the second body component at the relative position, such as by laser welding. The present invention finds potential application as a cartridge valve for a pump, such as a pressure relief valve and/or pressure reduction valve. The relative positioning control over the body components de-sensitizes valve operation from variations in valve components, such as variations attributable to geometrical tolerances.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a valve integrally associated with a microfluidic transport assembly that is useful for regulating the flow of a liquid sample through an analytical instrument such as, for example, a biosensor.

Abstract: The invention relates to the method for the manufacture of a ball valve (1) between two tubes (3, 4). In the valve, the valve ball (2) and the ends (7, 8) of the tubes sealed against it are surrounded by the sleeve-like cover (10), which is penetrated by the spindle (13) provided with a handle, the spindle rotating the valve ball for opening and closing the valve. According to the invention, the cover (10) is connected to the mantle surfaces of the tubes (3, 4) by beam welding, such as laser or electron beam welding. For this purpose, the flank of the tube (3, 4) is provided with a front face achieved by a narrowing beveling, and the cover (10) contains a parallel end face brought against it so that the fastening can be performed by directing the welding beam (31) between the faces in their direction. The spindle (13) operating the valve ball (2) is surrounded by the support sleeve (14), which can be attached to the aperture formed to the cover (10) in a similar way using the beam welding technique.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fuel supply apparatus which has solved the problem occurring after the welding of a connecting ring, by which a core of an electromagnetic valve and a housing are connected together, finishes of the deformation of the connecting ring and a crack in a welded portion. In this apparatus, the core of the electromagnetic valve and housing are welded together at a welded portion via the connecting ring having an L-shaped cross-sectional shape. A groove for at least reducing the degree of the deformation, which occurs after the welding thererof is done, of the connecting ring, preferably a groove having a projecting open surface is formed on the portion of the surface of the housing which is in the vicinity of the welded portion.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a modular fuel injector permits the fabrication of the electrical group subassembly outside a clean room while a fuel group subassembly is fabricated inside a clean room. The method provides for manufacturing a sealed fuel injector unit via a predetermined number of different types of operations. Each type comprises a range of percentages of the predetermined number of operations.

Abstract: A ball valve includes a valve housing 10 and a ball 20. A pair of mirror-symmetrical housing halves 12, 14 are jointed together along a single weld line to enclose the ball having a through bore and a pair of recessed portions. The through bore 22 is in conformity with the weld line. Holes 42, 50 for respectively mounting a pair of stem assemblies are formed in portions of the valve housing opposed respectively to opposite ends of the through bore. The through bore of the ball is brought into alignment with openings 12A, 14A of the valve housing, and the recessed portions 26, 28 of the ball are brought into alignment with the holes, respectively. Next, the pair of stem portions 60, 68 are attached to both holes and fitted into both recessed portions, and the stems are welded circumferentially to peripheral edge portions of the holes, respectively.

Abstract: In a fuel injector, a valve unit consisting of a valve body and an injection plate is connected to a bottom end of a cylindrical housing. The valve unit is connected to the fuel injector after other components are assembled to the fuel injector. In the process of forming the valve unit, the valve body and the injection plate are coupled with each other, and then both are connected by welding. Then, the valve body having the injection plate welded thereto is inserted into a bottom end bore of the cylindrical housing, and then the valve body and the cylindrical housing are connected to each other by welding. A circular valve seat formed on the valve body is not deformed in the course of forming the valve unit and connecting the valve unit to the cylindrical housing.

Abstract: An assembly method in which a brazing metal is initially filled into radial wells pierced in an annular injection piece having first injection orifices for discharging a primary fuel, and in a cylindrical endpiece surrounding the annular injection piece and having secondary injection orifices for discharging a secondary fuel; thereafter the annular injection piece is fitted inside the cylindrical endpiece and these pieces are together fitted on a first tube for feeding primary fuel and a second tube for feeding secondary fuel and surrounding the first tube, and also to an outer wall of the injector; finally, the end portion of the injector as assembled in this way is placed in an enclosure where it is heated so as to melt the brazing metal to unite the parts.

Abstract: An engine fuel injector body is assembled using a furnace brazing method to provide structural and hermetic internal joints at interior locations with minimum size and processing. The method of assembling an injector with such an internal hermetic and structural joint may include the steps of providing an annular body member with an annular inner recess having an inner cylindrical surface, forming an annular end recess adjoining the cylindrical surface, fitting a tubular member into the inner recess of the body member with an outer surface of the tubular member engaging the cylindrical surface of the inner recess, placing a brazing ring in the end recess of the body member adjacent the tubular member, and furnace brazing the members together to form the internal hermetic and structural joint. Additional joints may be joined during the same brazing step.

Abstract: A ball valve is produced, which has a valve housing 10 and a ball 20. A pair of mirror-symmetrical housing halves 12, 14 are jointed together along a single weld line. The housing halves are jointed together by welding in a manner to enclose the ball previously provided with a through bore and a pair of recessed portions. The through bore 22 of the ball is arranged to be in conformity with the weld line. Holes 42, 50 for respectively mounting a pair of stem assemblies are formed by machining respectively in those portions of the valve housing opposed respectively to open opposite ends of the through bore. The centers of the holes are in alignment with the operational centerline of the ball valve. The ball is turned by an angle of 90 degrees, thereby bringing the through bore of the ball into alignment with openings 12A, 14A of the valve housing, and the recessed portions 26, 28 of the ball are brought into alignment with the holes, respectively.

Abstract: A valve stem has a thickness of hardfaced material on its outer diameter in the area contacting the stem packing where the seal is formed which prevents corrosion, erosion and/or scratching of the valve stem, thereby preventing formation of leak paths. A valve packing comprises a vertically stacked array comprising alternating metal pressure rings and graphite seals.

Abstract: An improved method of sluice gate valve fabrication in which a cylindrical rod of an appropriate diameter is first cut and then the cylindrical rod is forged into a blank for a disk-shaped sluice gate body and pivot stems, with the pivot stems respectively formed at the upper and lower ends of the sluice gate body to provide for installing the pivot stems in the interior section of the sluice valve. The raw edges along the periphery of the blank are then removed by pressure punching to form a finished sluice gate body. The pivot stem at the lower end of the sluice valve body is machined into an abraded welding surface and then a shaft having the same diameter of the pivot stem is aligned with abraded welding surface and friction welded to it. As such, the pre-forged sluice gate and the friction welding of an existent shaft onto the pivot stem at the lower end of the sluice gate body minimizes forging mold volume and, furthermore, reduces the quantity of material required for sluice gate fabrication.

Abstract: A method is provided for assembling a pole piece into an internal fuel passage of a fuel injector. The assembly method includes the steps of: (a) providing an endoskeletal injector tube, where the injector tube provides the fuel passage for the fuel injector; (b) forming at least one depression into an outer surface of the injector tube; (c) inserting an injector valve into the injector tube; (d) inserting the pole piece into the injector tube, wherein the pole piece is adjustable thereafter; and (e) affixing the pole piece within the injector tube, where an outer surface of the pole piece is in contact with an inner surface of the injector tube corresponding to the depressions, thereby creating a spring fit between the pole piece and the tube.

Abstract: A spray gun valve assembly is disclosed together with a method for manufacturing the same, wherein a spray gun valve plug (e.g., made of materials such as a tungsten carbide alloy) is secured to an end of an elongate valve stem (e.g., made of stainless steal) by resistance welding techniques. A holder component may act as an intermediate component between the plug and the valve stem, wherein the plug is resistance welded to the holder, and the holder is secured to the end of the valve stem. The method for securing the holder and the valve stem components can provide both a weld and a mechanical lock to secure these components together.

Abstract: A method of setting a distance between a first body and a second body in a fuel injector is disclosed. The method includes providing an intermediate body having a first end, a second end and a longitudinal axis, the first end being fixedly connected to the first body and the second end being fixedly connected to the second body. The intermediate body is compressed toward the longitudinal axis. The compression axially elongates the intermediate body, such that the first body is separated from the second body. An apparatus used to set the distance is also disclosed.

Abstract: In a hydraulic valve (10), the housing (34) is composed of plate-shaped segments (36 to 46). Sections of longitudinal channels (96, 97) are formed by recesses having cross-section with a closed edge which overlap or are flush with corresponding channel sections of the adjacent channels. Radial channels, which are in communication with a supply connection (11, 12) or a consumer connection (13, 14) are formed by radial indentations (86 to 89) of central openings (75, 77, 79 and 81) of housing segments (38, 40, 42 and 44). Grooves (91, 92, 93 and 93) which widen the cross-section of the central housing channel (71) within which the valve piston (19) can slide in a pressure tight manner in the axial direction and/or rotation outwards are formed by recesses (75, 77, 79 and 81) of the housing segments (38, 40, 42 and 44) having a larger diameter and which positively overlap the central channel (71) in cross-section.

Abstract: A valve stem has a thickness of hardfaced material on its outer diameter in the area contacting the stem packing where the seal is formed which prevents corrosion, erosion and/or scratching of the valve stem, thereby preventing formation of leak paths. A valve packing comprises a vertically stacked array comprising alternating metal pressure rings and graphite seals.

Abstract: A valve stem has a thickness of hardfaced material on its outer diameter in the area contacting the stem packing where the seal is formed which prevents corrosion, erosion and/or scratching of the valve stem, thereby preventing formation of leak paths. A valve packing comprises a vertically stacked array comprising alternating metal pressure rings and graphite seals.