Abstract: There is provided a tin-plated product having an excellent minute sliding abrasion resistance property when it is used as the material of insertable and extractable connecting terminals, and a method for producing the same. After a nickel layer 16 is formed on a substrate 10 of copper or a copper alloy so as to have a thickness of 0.1 to 1.5 ?m by electroplating, a tin-copper plating layer 12 containing tin 12b mixed with a copper-tin alloy 12a is formed thereon so as to have a thickness of 0.6 to 10 ?m by electroplating using a tin-copper plating bath which contains 5 to 35% by weight of copper with respect to the total amount of tin and copper, and then, a tin layer 14 is formed thereon so as to have a thickness of 1 ?m or less by electroplating if necessary.

Abstract: A process for obtaining a mechanical component by joining a first metallic material and a second metallic material. The process comprises: (A) putting the first material and the second material in contact with each other, (B) fixating a sheet metal element onto the first material to at least partly enclosing the second material and so that the sheet metal element is at least partly in contact with the second material. The sheet metal element comprises carbon, joining the first material and the second material by diffusion welding. The carbon activity of the second material Ca2 and the carbon activity of the sheet metal element Cam at the temperature of joining fulfills a relation Ca2?Cam.

Abstract: In a method for producing a lead-free sliding bearing, a copper-based material comprising a total of 0.1% to 3% of the elements aluminum, magnesium, silicon, titanium, zircon, and chromium is sintered. Additionally, up to 15% tin can be included in order to ensure optimal properties for use in the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A roller bearing having two cooperating rolling parts of which one is of ceramic and the other of a steel. The steel part is of such structure and/or material and/or is so produced to cause residual compressive stresses to form beneath the contact surface of the steel part, at least in a load-free state, down to a depth.

Abstract: In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a high-strength brass alloy includes, by mass %, about 1.3% to about 2.3% of aluminum (Al), about 1.5% to about 3.0% of manganese (Mn), about 1% maximum of iron (Fe), about 1% maximum of nickel (Ni), about 0.4% maximum of tin (Sn), about 0.5% to about 2.0% of silicon (Si), about 57% to about 60% of copper (Cu), less than about 0.1% of lead (Pb), and the balance of zinc (Zn) and inevitable impurities, with the proviso that the ratio of Si/Mn is in the range of about 0.3 to about 0.7, and with the further proviso that the “zinc equivalent” content according to the following formula: ZnEq=Zn+Si*10?Mn/2+Al*5 is from about 51% to about 58%.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a rolling-element bearing includes forming an inner ring from a steel having a sulfur content of 0.002 to 0.015 mass % and an oxygen content of less than 15 ppm, subjecting the inner ring to a hardening heat treatment that ends by performing a final heat treatment step at a predetermined temperature, cold working the inner-ring raceway to generate compressive residual stresses at least in a surface layer of the inner-ring raceway, subjecting the inner ring to a bluing treatment and subjecting the blued inner ring to a thermal post-treatment process at a temperature below the predetermined temperature of the final hardening heat treatment step. The resulting rolling-element bearing may exhibit compressive residual stresses having an absolute value of at least 200 MPa at 0.1 mm beneath the outer surface of the inner-ring raceway and a maximum value of 1500 MPa or less throughout the inner ring.

Abstract: A method of making a bearing includes providing a bearing intermediate, which is unfinished while having an overall shape of a finished bearing product; and repeatedly impacting a surface of the bearing intermediate at one or more ultrasonic frequencies to modify characteristics of the bearing intermediate. The resulting bearing intermediate or finished bearing product includes nano-size grains at or underneath the surface.

Abstract: A method of producing a rolling sliding member, wherein, after a work for a rolling sliding member, which is made of a bearing steel and formed in a predetermined shape, is quenched, a heating start temperature is set to be 10 to 100° C., a heating finish temperature is set to be 220 to 350° C., a time between the heating finish time and the heating start time is set to be a heating time, the quenched work for the rolling sliding member is heated so that a rate of temperature increase indicated by the following formula becomes 7 to 35° C./s rate of temperature increase=(heating finish temperature?heating start temperature)/heating time, the work is tempered by being cooled without being maintained at a heating finish temperature from the heating finish time.

Abstract: A method for producing a rolling bearing component with a carbon gradient, at least in the region of its outer layer, wherein molten metal is sprayed onto a carrier in a spraying process, the carbon content of the metal to be sprayed on being varied during the spraying operation.

Abstract: A method for hardening running surfaces of roller bearing components, in particular outer bearing rings. In order to provide the edge area (functional layer) of the roller bearing components with a deep layer which is particularly hard and resistant to corrosion, the roller bearing component undergoes nitration for a long period of time at a temperature of between 450 and 650° C. for at least 25 hours. During treatment no carburizing and subsequently no quenching takes place.

Abstract: In a method for producing a lead-free sliding bearing, a copper-based material comprising a total of 0.1% to 3% of the elements aluminum, magnesium, silicon, titanium, zircon, and chromium is sintered. Additionally, up to 15% tin can be included in order to ensure optimal properties for use in the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a foil component of a foil bearing, where the foil component has an inner surface, an inner portion, and an outer portion. In one embodiment, and by way of example only, the method includes thermally spraying a first material onto an outer surface of a sacrificial substrate to form the foil component inner portion, where the first material includes a solid film lubricant, and the outer surface has a shape that is complementary to the inner surface of the foil component. A second material is then thermally sprayed over the inner portion to form the outer portion, and the second material includes a metal. The sacrificial substrate is then removed to expose the foil component.

Abstract: A ferrous sintered multilayer roll-formed bushing having a ferrous sintered sliding material layer which is sinter-bonded to a back metal steel, wherein the ferrous sintered sliding material layer is produced in such a manner that a Fe—C—Cu—Sn based sintered sliding material mixed powder containing at least carbon of 0.40 to 15 wt %, Cu of 13 to 40 wt % and Sn of 0.5 to 10 wt % is preliminarily sinter-bonded to said back metal steel and then finally sinter-bonded by a liquid-phase sintering at high temperatures higher than 1000° C. after bending into a roll.

Abstract: A composite casting for a wear resistant surface, comprising a base composed of a ductile material; and a plurality of wear resistant inserts embedded in said base and composed of a carbide-containing wear resistant alloy which after casting is hot strained by forging or rolling, said inserts being arranged in said base rows so that said inserts of each subsequent one of said rows overlap gaps between said inserts of a preceding one of said rows and (or) said inserts should be positioned with their side bases at a degree (relative to the movement of the abrasive material) of no less than 20°, which would prevent the wear of the ductile base of the composite castings.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a hydrodynamic bearing in which a metal bearing made of sintered metal powder is internally subjected to chemical etching, to form hydrodynamic pressure grooves thereon, thus assuring a high-precision and reliable hydrodynamic bearing. The method includes: compressing metal powder that is a raw material of the bearing in a press unit, and sintering the compressed metal powder at a predetermined temperature, thus preparing a sintered bearing; removing foreign substances adhering to the sintered bearing through a deburring process, and pressing the sintered bearing into a desired shape; forming a hydrodynamic groove, configured to generate hydrodynamic pressure, on an internal surface of the shaped bearing using chemical etching; and conducting a post treatment of cleaning the bearing including the hydrodynamic grooves thereon and drying the bearing.

Abstract: A production method for complex bearings includes: preparing an outer member and a cylindrical sintered bearing member. The outer member includes a fitting hole having: an almost circular cross section; an inner peripheral surface; and a surface roughness of the inner peripheral surface which is 3.2 to 100 ?m at a maximal height. The sintered bearing member includes: an outer diameter allowing clearance fit of the sintered bearing member into the fitting hole of the outer member. The production method further includes: inserting the sintered bearing member into the fitting hole of the outer member and inserting a columnar core rod into an inner peripheral surface of the sintered bearing member; and compressing the sintered bearing member in an axial direction.

Abstract: A method of making a bearing assembly and a bearing assembly is provided. The method includes the steps of extruding a support rail, providing a mounting surface on the support rail, mounting a bearing rail on the mounting surface and machining a bearing surface on the bearing rail. The bearing assembly includes an extruded support rail and a bearing rail. The bearing rail is of a harder material than the material of the support rail to which the bearing rail is mounted. The bearing rail further provides a machine polished linear contact.

Abstract: A bearing for use in a particulate-laden environment uses the particles as a lubricant between the opposed bearing surfaces, which are coated with a tungsten carbide coating that is harder than the particles.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a hydrodynamic bearing with hydrodynamic pressure generating grooves comprises steps of: step 201: providing a substrate with a first annular protrusion and a plurality of projections formed on a periphery thereof, the projections being in a side of the first annular protrusion; step 202: placing the substrate in a middle of a hollow mold, then injecting a feedstock of powder and molten binder under pressure into the mold to surround the substrate, thus forming a desired bearing preform; step 203: separating the substrate from the bearing preform by means of catalytic debinding; step 204: separating the molten binder from the bearing preform; step 205: sintering the bearing preform to thereby form the hydrodynamic bearing.

Abstract: An end surface 1a of sintered bearing 1 is abutted on a die 10 so that the sintered bearing 1 is mounted thereon, and a tool 40 is abutted on the other end surface 1b of the sintered bearing 1. While the sintered bearing 1 is pressed by the tool 40, high frequency vibration in an axial direction is supplied from a horn 30 to the tool 40 by operating a vibrator 20 so as to give repeated impacts to both end surfaces 1a and 1b of the sintered bearing 1, and pores of the end surfaces 1a and 1b are thereby sealed. The die 10 and the tool 40 have surfaces abutting the sintered bearing 1, and the surfaces have roughness of 0.4 s or less and hardness of HRA 60 or more, and the tool presses the sintered bearing at a pressure of 70 to 700 kPa. The high frequency vibration supplied to the tool 40 has a power of 50 to 3000 W/cm2, and it has a frequency of 10 to 50 kHz.

Abstract: A tribological system including: a tribological workpiece having a working surface adapted for moving relative to a counter-surface in a presence of a lubricant, in a load-bearing environment, the working surface for disposing generally opposite the counter-surface, the working surface having: (i) a metal surface layer; (ii) a plurality of organic particles incorporated in the metal surface layer, and (iii) a plurality of inorganic particles incorporated in the working surface, the inorganic particles having a Mohs hardness of at least 8.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a rolling contact member that while simultaneously avoiding the problem attributed to generation of decarburized layer and the problem attributed to scale generation, attains reduction of manufacturing cost. The process comprises the steel member preparation step of preparing a steel member consisting of a steel containing 0.7 mass % or more of carbon; the hot forging step of performing hot forging of the steel member prepared in the steel member preparation step to thereby obtain a blank ring as the first forged member; the first turning step of performing turning of the blank ring obtained in the hot forging step to thereby remove part of the blank ring; and the cold forging step of performing cold forging of the blank ring wrought in the first turning step to thereby obtain a stepped ring. In the steps subsequent to the cold forging step, on the stepped ring, the area wrought in the first turning step is not subjected to cutting operation.

Abstract: A bearing assembly is disclosed having a pair of bearing members movable relative to one another. A space is defined between the bearing members, and a relatively thin coating of a greaseless, self-lubricating material is applied to the surface of at least one of the bearing members. A grease lubricant is disposed in the space defined between the bearing members such that both the grease lubricant and the greaseless material act to substantially lower the friction-generated heat that is encountered during operation.

Abstract: An elevator load bearing assembly (30) includes a jacket (34) having different portions comprising different polymer compositions. In a disclosed example, a plurality of tension members (32) are at least partially surrounded by a first portion (36) comprising a first polymer composition. A second portion (38) establishes at least one exterior surface (40) of the jacket (34) and comprises a second polymer composition. In one example, a surface-modifying agent is added to alter the composition of at least a portion of the jacket (34). In another example, co-extrusion techniques using different polymer compositions establish different portions of the jacket (34).

Abstract: This invention introduces a new category of engineered surfaces and corresponding production processes for better wear resistance and lower friction loss. The structured surfaces can be applied on many automobile components with frictional surfaces. The composite structure settles the usual conflicts between surface functions and stresses. Two sets of multiple-step processes are introduced to achieve high production efficiency and low cost. Unlike traditional surface technologies that generate single and uniform layers on the whole part surface, the new technology processes the part surface selectively for more effective surfaces with versatile functions.

Abstract: A multilayer sliding bearing includes a rigid metal backing having a metal bearing liner attached thereto. The metal bearing liner includes a metal bearing liner layer which is attached to the bearing surface of the metal backing layer and at least one metal overplate layer deposited over an outer surface of the metal bearing liner layer. The metal bearing liner layer has a layer of hard particles embedded in an outer surface thereof which is adjacent to the inner surface of the at least one metal overplate layer. The bearing may also include a barrier layer interposed between the metal bearing liner layer and the metal over plate layer to inhibit diffusion therebetween and/or promote adhesion of the metal over plate layer to the metal bearing liner layer. The invention may also include a thin metal protective coating layer over the outer surface of the bearing liner and backing layer.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing cylindrical hollow bodies with a circular cross-section using solid rough material of corrosion-resistant, martensitic chromium steels. A remelting block is produced and a tube blank is made therefrom, the tube blank being formed into a tube at hot forming temperature by extrusion at a deformation ratio of at least 6. Hollow bodies are cut from the resultant tube.

Abstract: A cylindrical portion 10 is not quenched, and its hardness of a cylindrical portion 10 is set at Hv200 to 300. An average cross sectional area of the crystal particle in this portion is set to be within 0.03 mm2. Accordingly, when a caulking portion is formed by expanding the cylindrical portion 10b to an inner ring 3 to a hub 2b made of carbon steel, cracks or the like are not formed in the resultant caulking portion.

Abstract: A bearing having bearing elements made of Type 60 Nitinol made by an investment casting process for producing near net shape parts of Nitinol includes making a ceramic mold having a series of spherical cavities, pouring molten Nitinol into the mold cavities, cooling the mold and the Nitinol in the cavities to produce solidified Nitinol balls, and breaking the mold away from the Nitinol balls. Nitinol rods for roller bearings can be made by conventional casting directly from the crucible in a draw-down oven. The bars are hot machined or hot rotary swaged and then centerless ground and laser cut to length, or are first cut to length and then centerless ground individually for crowned roller elements. The balls are broken or cut from the risers, leaving the gates attached, and are consolidated by healing under pressure in a hot isostatic press, then ground to the desired size. The balls or rollers are polished, then treated to create an integral ceramic finish.

Abstract: A lead-free bearing includes a bronze matrix powder metal bearing layer bonded to a steel backing a fully densified. The bearing material has about 8 to 12% by weight tin, about 1 to less than 5% by weight bismuth, and about 0.03 to 0.08% by weight phosphorus, with the balance being copper. The tin is soluable in the copper to yield the bronze matrix, and the bismuth exists as finely dispersed, undissolved islands through the matrix. Such bearings exhibit physical properties comparable to or better than those of traditional bronze-lead bearings and improved wear in seizure properties.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatically dynamically adjusting prestressed bearings of shaft are provided. The apparatus comprises a sleeve assembly having outer and inner sleeves sandwiched between the bearings. An inner diameter of outer sleeve is smaller than an outer diameter of inner sleeve. Hence, outer and inner sleeves are fitted together after cooling. Further, inner sleeve is compressed by the outer sleeve to extend axially. During rotation of shaft, the axial extension of inner sleeve is reduced because the radial expansion of outer sleeve is larger than that of inner sleeve due to an thermal expansion coefficient of outer sleeve larger than that of inner sleeve. This can reduce prestress of bearings without degrading a rigidity thereof.

Abstract: Bearing reinforcement for a shaft (3) mounted in bearings in a cast light-metal housing (1, 2) such as an engine block or a gearbox housing, in which an insert (5) that forms a bearing seat for the shaft (3) is made of an MMC material, i.e. a metal matrix composite, and in which the base material of the MMC material consists of the same metal as the metal that comprises the principal component in the light-metal housing, wherein the MMC material of the insert (5) is reinforced with 10-70% ceramic material by volume in the form of particles or fibers. The invention also describes a method for fabricating inserts (5) in which they are formed into a bar having the same cross-section as the radial cross-section of the insert, whereupon separate inserts are cross-cut from the bar by means of high-speed machining or water cutting.

Abstract: Firearms having scandium containing aluminum alloy components having alloying elements including light weight metals, such as magnesium, chromium, copper and zinc, heavier metals, such as zirconium, and other rare earth metals. The components have yield strengths of 82 to 100 KSI, tensile strengths of 88 to 106 KSI, 12 to 19% elongation's, and 7 to 10% reduction areas, and a method for heat treating the scandium containing aluminum alloy. The alloy is composed of 0.05% to 0.15% scandium, 7.5% to 8.3% zinc, 1.6% to 2.2% magnesium, 1.6% to 2.0% copper, 0.02% to 0.04% chromium, 0.05% to 0.15% zirconium, and 87 to 90% aluminum. A method for making the components involves exposure to solution heat treatment of 875° F. for an hours or two, followed by water quench, natural aging at ambient temperature for 24 to 72 hours, artificial aging at 250° F. for 24 hours, and allowed to air cool.

Abstract: Firearms having scandium containing aluminum alloy components having alloying elements including light weight metals, such as magnesium, chromium, copper and zinc, heavier metals, such as zirconium, and other rare earth metals. The components have yield strengths of 82 to 100 KSI, tensile strengths of 88 to 106 KSI, 12 to 19% elongation's, and 7 to 10% reduction areas, and a method for heat treating the scandium containing aluminum alloy. The alloy is composed of 0.05% to 0.15% scandium, 7.5% to 8.3% zinc, 1.6% to 2.2% magnesium, 1.6% to 2.0% copper, 0.02% to 0.04% chromium, 0.05% to 0.15% zirconium, and 87 to 90% aluminum. A method for making the components involves exposure to solution heat treatment of 875° F. for an hours or two, followed by water quench, natural aging at ambient temperature for 24 to 72 hours, artificial aging at 250° F. for 24 hours, and allowed to air cool.

Abstract: A structure of at least a stationary-side race of a bearing is transformed into a lower bainite structure through an isothermal transformation treatment. Furthermore, the adjustment is made for hardness to HRC=54 to 64, an amount of residual austenite to not more than 5% and an area percentage of 0.8 &mgr;m or longer carbide to not more than 20% based on the total area of secondary carbide. Thus is prevented the occurrence of a white layer in the rolling bearing.

Abstract: A lead-free multilayer material for plain bearings and a process for the production of corresponding bearing shells for improved emergency running and mechanical load-carrying capacity characteristics. The multilayer bearing material comprises a lead-free copper alloy having a copper content ranging from 50 to 95 wt. %, and an overlay formed of a lead-free tin and copper having a tin content ranging from 70 to 97 wt. % and a copper content ranging from 3 to 20 wt. %.

Abstract: A method of forming a bearing includes adding at least one particulate material to an aqueous dispersion of polytetrafluoroethylene, mixing the constituents to allow the polytetrafluoroethylene to coagulate to form a mush, spreading the mush on to a support, and curing the mush to form a bearing lining layer on the support. The method is characterized in that the partiulate material is in the form of an aqueous colloidal dispersion including small particles and in that the small particles of the particulate material itself cause coagulation of the polytetrafluoroethylene without need for an additional separate coagulant material.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating a friction bearing, in particular for ceramic shafts, made of metallic hardenable sintered material having an open pore volume of at least 15%, wherein the sintered material is brought into a predetermined shape and is subsequently sintered. For improving the known friction bearings in that a local wear and tear of shaft and bearing is avoided or at least considerably reduced in the region of mixed friction with high lateral forces, it is provided to harden the friction bearing after the sintering.

Abstract: A bimetallic strip for a sliding bearing having a sliding strip of an aluminum alloy which is adhered to a steel supporting strip and method of manufacture. The composition of the sliding strip is from 3 to 30% of tin; from 1 to 6% of silicon and the remainder being of aluminum and impurities, and the sliding strip has at least 95% of the silicon hard particles smaller than 3.5 microns and an aluminum grain average size of about 6 microns. The sliding strip is produced by roll casting the alloy and attaching the sliding strip to the steel supporting strip to form the bimetallic strip which is heat treated between 200° and 380° C. to obtain a metallurgical bonding between the strips; subjecting the bimetallic strip to a solubilizing process of the intermetallic compounds of the aluminum alloy by heating at 380-500° C., followed by cooling; and subjecting the bimetallic strip to a precipitation treatment at a temperature from 150° to 250° C.

Abstract: A wear-resistant bearing system utilizes a grid pattern of wear-resistant material. In instances where two bearing surfaces slide with respect to one another, such as with a thrust bearing, wear-resistant material strips are inlaid in the surrounding support material. The strips of wear-resistant material are arranged on each component such that the strips intersect one another when one component is moved with respect to the other. This transverse relationship or grid pattern promotes extremely long component life.

Abstract: A multilayer engine bearing (26) includes a steel backing (36) having a liner (38) of bearing metal of either copper-lead or aluminum alloys formed on the backing (36) and a thin layer (44) of either copper or nickel plated on the liner (38) to define a base lining member (40) of the bearing (26). A multilayer overplate (46) is formed on the base lining member (40) and includes an underlayer (48) of a lead-tin-copper alloy having a thickness of about 10 &mgr;m and an overlayer (50) of tin having a thickness of about 5 &mgr;m. The multilayer overplate (46) exhibits exceptional fatigue resistance under high dynamic loading conditions and retains good conformability and embedibility characteristics.

Abstract: An antifriction bearing includes a fixed ring which comprises a steel containing up to about 10% of residual austenite. An alternator for vehicles includes a stator mounted on a frame, a rotor having its rotary shaft rotatably supported by a pair of bearings on the frame and a drive pulley mounted on one end of the shaft projecting outward from the frame. The outer ring of at least the bearing toward the pulley comprises a steel containing up to about 10% of residual austenite.

Abstract: An antifriction bearing includes a fixed ring which comprises a steel containing up to about 10% of residual austenite. An alternator for vehicles includes a stator mounted on a frame, a rotor having its rotary shaft rotatably supported by a pair of bearings on the frame and a drive pulley mounted on one end of the shaft projecting outward from the frame. The outer ring of at least the bearing toward the pulley comprises a steel containing up to about 10% of residual austenite.