Abstract: A passenger vehicle trunk structure is provided with a trunk lid, a vehicle body, a hinge arrangement and a tool free hinge release mechanism. The vehicle body defines an interior cargo area with an exterior trunk access opening. The hinge arrangement is pivotally coupling the trunk lid to the vehicle body with the trunk lid being movable between a closed position that covers the exterior trunk access opening and an open position that exposes the exterior trunk access opening to provide access to the interior cargo area through the exterior trunk access opening. The tool free hinge release mechanism is operatively coupled to the hinge arrangement to release the trunk lid from the vehicle body.

Abstract: An adjustable hinge assembly for a vehicle closure is disclosed. The adjustable hinge assembly includes an adjustment pin received in a hinge pin and is adjustable to cause the closure to become flush with adjacent vehicle body structure. The adjustable hinge assembly may be employed with a deck lid of a vehicle to allow for a flushness adjustment of the deck lid relative to adjacent vehicle quarter panels.

Abstract: A link assembly for opening and closing a trunk lid of a vehicle having a movable roof includes lifting and locking links. The lifting link connects the lid to the vehicle to move the lid between a closed position covering the trunk, an opened position in which the front lid edge is raised, and another opened position in which the rear lid edge is raised. The locking link is adjustable between a first position in which its front end is movable and its rear end is pivotably locked to a rear joint, and a second position in which its front end is pivotably connected to a front joint and its rear end is movable. In the first position, the locking link acts on the lifting link to raise the front lid edge. In the second position, the locking link acts on the lifting link to raise the rear lid edge.

Abstract: A link system providing a desired spatial relationship in a desired orientation of the link system as well as methods of assembling link systems to obtain the desired spatial relationship. The link system includes at least one rivet deformed during the riveting process to take up the misalignment of apertures in link due to manufacturing tolerance stack up.

Abstract: A trunk lid is provided so as to rotate around a front end portion thereof in such a manner that its back face in an open state faces substantially upward, and there is provided a support mechanism to support the trunk lid in the open state. Accordingly, there can be provided a baggage compartment structure of a vehicle which comprises a trunk room which is provided at a rear portion of a vehicle body so that an opening formed at an upper face thereof can be closed with the trunk lid, which can properly load various types of large-sized baggage without having the large and complex structure and damaging the vehicle design improperly.

Abstract: A powered trunk closure assembly for a vehicle includes a linkage assembly attached at one end to a body bracket and at another end to a closure member bracket. A motor is linked with a gear train for actuating the linkage assembly. The motor and gear train are positioned exterior of the trunk.

Abstract: An adjustable length vehicle trunk locking assembly prevents violent excursions of a tied-down trunk hood during travel. The assembly includes a non-stretch rope, with a spring snap fitted at one end of the non stretch rope, which is fed through a ball line tightener having a second spring snap attached thereto. The spring snap at the end of the locking assembly engages around a structural member or hook attached to the inside of the trunk or hatch lid while the lid is open. The non-stretch rope is then fed through the ball line tightener to facilitate snapping the second spring snap to the trunk or hatch lock loop or other point at the bottom frame or beyond. Then the rope is tightened by pulling the lid in contact with the protruding object.

Abstract: A vehicle body hinge mechanism includes at least one hinge set carried by a support plate that retains a pivot pin and a retainer bar in a cantilevered manner. Preferably, the plate is stamped, and the pivot pin supports a lever, such as a gooseneck arm, that will be coupled to the hood. The plate includes a mount that will be carried by peripheral body structure around the hood opening. The retainer bar carries a helically wound spring that secures one end of the spring for resistance to rotation about the axis of the bar. The other end of the spring engages a linkage that urges the lever to pivot toward the open position. Preferably, a stop limit is integrally incorporated in the linkage carried by the plate to stop the lever at a desired hood opening limit.

Abstract: A vehicle roof assembly includes a roof having roof parts adjustable between a closed position in which the parts cover the vehicle interior and a storage position in which the parts are stowed in the vehicle trunk. A rear cover frame is adjustably attached to the vehicle body to move between a maximum raised position and a lowered storage position. A kinematic system connected between a rear cover and the frame is movable between an extended position in which the cover is in an opened position raised above the trunk and the frame is in a raised position, and a retracted position in which the cover is in a closed position covering the trunk and the frame is in its lowered position. A stop device associated with the frame limits the raising motion of the frame in an intermediate raised position between its lowered and maximum raised positions.

Abstract: A powered deck lid assembly that includes a deck lid connected to a hinge mechanism for pivotal movement between open and closed positions relative to a trunk opening. A cable is associated with the deck lid and is lineally actuable pivotally moving the deck lid between the open and closed positions. The cable may be a push-pull cable.

Abstract: The present invention can speedily and easily perform the maintenance or the like of hydraulic equipment and the like. Accordingly, in the present invention, in a tractor in which a prime mover portion is arranged on a front portion of a machine body, a driving portion is arranged behind the prime mover portion, a transmission portion is arranged below a driver's seat which is formed in the driving portion, left-side and right-side rear wheels are mounted on the transmission portion by way of a rear axle case, and a cover body is extended over the driving portion, the transmission portion and the left-side and right-side rear wheels, the cover body constitutes a step portion of the driving portion and, the cover body covers the transmission portion from above and covers the left-side and right-side rear wheels from the front side and above, the cover body is formed of a plurality of split-portions, and at least the split-portion which covers the transmission portion from above is detachably formed.

Abstract: Apparatus for the motorized opening and closing of a motor vehicle body part which can be pivoted with respect to a vehicle body about a hinged lid axis includes a guide cylinder having a first end and a second end which can be coupled to the body at a pivot axis which is parallel to the hinged lid axis, a piston guided displaceably in the cylinder, and a piston rod having one end attached to the piston and an opposite end which protrudes from the first end of the cylinder and can be coupled to the pivotable body part at a distance from the hinged lid axis. A drive device drives first and second Bowden cables, which extend in parallel from the second end of the cylinder, to displace the piston in the cylinder. The first Bowden cable includes a sheath which is supported on the piston and a core which is fixed to the first end of the cylinder. The second Bowden cable includes a sheath which is supported on the second end of the cylinder and a core which is fixed to the piston.

Abstract: A vehicle trunk lid is provided with a lid which can cover on the vehicle trunk. Hinges are provided below the trunk lid for connecting to the side boards of the trunk, while respective hydraulic bars are provided below the two sides of the trunk, including side bars and several horizontal bars, such that the trunk may have a private space for storage purposes, and can be locked up. The support frame can bear and hold large freight.

Abstract: In the present frame structure of a trunk lid: the trunk lid has an outer panel and an inner panel, and is formed such that its cross-section is approximately L-shaped, with a top face part and a rear face part; left and right hinge installation sections are provided, and a lock installation section is provided in the left to right center of the rear face part; left and right beading parts are provided on the inner panel; and fastening parts of hinge arms are arranged diagonally along the lengthwise direction of the left and right beading parts.

Abstract: A gooseneck hinge assembly for a closure of a vehicle includes a body side bracket adapted to be connected to a vehicle body of the vehicle and a closure side bracket having a gooseneck shape adapted to be connected to a closure for closing an aperture in the vehicle body. The gooseneck hinge assembly also includes a pivot pin to pivotally connect the closure side bracket to the body side bracket to allow rotational movement therebetween. The gooseneck hinge assembly further includes a torque rod adapted to be connected to another one of the closure side bracket, and a torque rod assembly connected to the body side bracket and the torque rod and being infinitely adjustable to counterbalance a weight of the closure when opening and closing the aperture.

Abstract: A rear lid closes a rear compartment of a passenger vehicle. The rear lid, when fitted, is attached to the vehicle and is composed of an inner part and an outer part. The rear lid contains a spoiler device which can be displaced between an inoperative position and an operative position and interacts with an adjustment device. In order to simplify producibility of the rear lid, the inner part is formed by an assembly carrier which forms the supporting structure of the rear lid and to which at least the adjustment device of the spoiler device is fastened. The outer part is formed by the spoiler device and a panel device.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lid system including: a lid mounted to a recess to be opened and closed; a locking unit that retains the lid in a locked state to keep the lid closed; and a lock releasing unit that releases the locked state to open the lid. The locking unit includes: a pin that is protruded from a peripheral edge of the lid to be engaged with a hole on the recess in the locked state and retreated to release the locked state. The lock releasing unit includes: a push button pushable in a pushing direction; and a pushing element moved to push the lock pin in an opposite direction of the pushing direction by being linked with the push button.

Abstract: A guide rod system movably connects a trunk lid to a vehicle such that the lid is movable between a base position in which the lid covers a trunk of the vehicle, a luggage storage position in which the rear of the lid is raised relative to the trunk, and a roof transport position in which the front of the lid is raised relative to the trunk. The guide rod system includes first and second guide rods and a coupler. The first guide rod is respectively connected at opposite ends to the front of the lid and the vehicle. The second guide rod is respectively connected at opposite ends to the rear of the lid and the vehicle. The coupler is connected between the guide rods to actuate the guide rods to move the lid between the base, luggage storage, and roof transport positions.

Abstract: A vehicle having a rear end body structure that includes first and second rear side castings. The first and second rear side castings interlock with at least one structure that at least partially defines a passenger compartment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A device designed to control opening and closing of a trunk hood comprises a jack whereof the cylinder is pivotably linked to the vehicle body and the free end of the piston rod sliding in the cylinder is linked to the hood in articulation. The device further has a control member arranged between the hood and the free end of the piston rod and designed to detect a force in the direction closing the hood and to control actuation of the jack in the direction for closing the hood.

Abstract: A decklid linkage mechanism allows movement of a decklid relative to a body of an automotive vehicle. The decklid linkage mechanism includes a frame, an actuator and a linkage mechanism. The frame supports at least a portion of the decklid. The frame is pivotally coupled to the body for movement of the frame and decklid together between a closed position concealing a storage space in the vehicle and a first open position allowing access to the storage space from a first end of the storage space. The decklid is coupled to the frame for movement of the decklid between the closed position and a second open position allowing access to the storage space from a second end of the storage space opposite the first end. The actuator drives the decklid between the closed position and the first open position. The linkage mechanism includes an overcenter arrangement that locks the decklid in the closed position.

Abstract: In a locking and unlocking apparatus of an engine hood door, a stay is formed of a first arm and a second arm, with the stay being provided so as to fix a door of an engine hood in a fixed state. The first arm and the second arm are foldably connected to each other and pivotally connected to a frame and a door respectively. The lock of the first arm is automatically locked by a locking piece of the second arm at a portion in which the first arm and the second arm are arranged on a straight line for thereby maintaining an opened state of the door. The lock is unlocked from the locking piece with the locking piece being pulled by operation of a lever which is connected with the locking piece through a wire from a remote site, so that the door is closed.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the opening and closing function of a tailgate equipped with a gas lifter includes a sensor for detecting an opened angle of the tailgate from a vehicle body. An Electronic Control Unit receives a detected angle from the sensor and outputs a pressure regulating control signal. A gas lifter regulates the pressure of a cylinder according to the control signal of the Electronic Control Unit.

Abstract: A device for selectively moving a rear vehicle trunk lid (30) from a closed position into a forwardly-inclined intake position and into a rearwardly-inclined loading position comprises at least one support lever that is pivotable about an axis stationary relative to the vehicle. In its closed position, a rear edge of the rear trunk lid is in hinged connection with the support lever (12). A catch component (20) is arranged on the support lever (12) in front of and above the hinge connection (18, 46) for engagement with another catch component (48) that is provided on the rear trunk lid. The front wall of the rear trunk lid is connected with the vehicle via a hinge (40) that is rearwardly slidable out of a slotted link (44) that is stationary relative to the vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle body decklid hinge includes at least one hinge set carried by a bracket that retains a pivot pin and a retainer bar in a cantilevered manner. The pivot pin supports a lever, such as a gooseneck strap, that will be coupled to the hood, while the bracket includes a mount that will be carried by peripheral body structure around the decklid opening. The retainer bar carries a helically wound spring that secures one end of the spring for resistance to rotation about the axis of the bar. The other end of the spring engages an adjuster that variably urges the lever to pivot toward the open position. The method and apparatus reduce specificity of components and improve adaptably to various models and styles by reducing adjustments to tension variability in adjusting the biasing force applied to the decklid strap.

Abstract: A functional unit of a motor vehicle tat has at least one adjustable functional element, a control means for controlling and/or for monitoring the position of the functional element, an angle sensor coupled to the functional element for determining the position thereof, a stator and a rotor that is pivotable relative to the stator around an axis of the angle sensor, the angle sensor producing an output signal which corresponds to a respective position of the rotor relative to the stator and the output signal being supplied to the control means, in which the angle sensor is a magneto-resistance angle sensor, the stator has evaluation electronics and the rotor has a permanent magnet arrangement. The functional element can be such motor vehicle elements as a pivotable rear hatch, a pivotable trunk lid, a pivotable hood and a pivotable or sliding door, a motorized seat adjustment, and a motorized window raiser.

Abstract: A vehicle body decklid hinge includes at least one hinge set carried by a bracket that retains a pivot pin and a retainer bar in a cantilevered manner. The pivot pin supports a lever, such as a gooseneck strap, that will be coupled to the hood, while the bracket includes a mount that will be carried by peripheral body structure around the decklid opening. The retainer bar carries a helically wound spring that secures one end of the spring for resistance to rotation about the axis of the bar. The other end of the spring engages an adjustor that variably urges the lever to pivot toward the open position. The method and apparatus reduce specificity of components and improve adaptably to various models and styles by reducing adjustments to tension variability in adjusting the biasing force applied to the decklid strap.

Abstract: A powered trunk closure assembly for a vehicle includes a linkage assembly attached at one end to a body bracket and at another end to a closure member bracket. A motor is linked with a gear train for actuating the linkage assembly. The motor and gear train are positioned exterior of the trunk.

Abstract: A gooseneck hinge assembly for a closure of a vehicle includes a body side bracket adapted to be connected to a vehicle body of the vehicle and a closure side bracket having a gooseneck shape adapted to be connected to a closure for closing an aperture in the vehicle body. The gooseneck hinge assembly also includes a pivot pin to pivotally connect the closure side bracket to the body side bracket to allow rotational movement therebetween. The gooseneck hinge assembly further includes a torque rod adapted to be connected to another one of the closure side bracket, and a torque rod assembly connected to the body side bracket and the torque rod and being infinitely adjustable to counterbalance a weight of the closure when opening and closing the aperture.

Abstract: An opening and closing apparatus for a vehicle trunk lid includes: a hinge arm, one end of which is supported by a vehicle body and an other end of which extends outside from an opening of a trim and is provided with a trunk lid; an adjusting member fixed to the hinge arm inside the trim opening; a torsion bar link, one end of which is supported by the vehicle body and the other end of which is supported by the hinge arm, and the torsion bar link configured to assist the trunk lid to be opened; a first link associated with an output shaft of a driving member so as to rotate with the output shaft; and a second link, one end of which is supported by the first link and an other end of which is supported by the adjusting member.

Abstract: An apparatus for locking a trunk of a vehicle includes a trunk lid, a driving unit for locking disposed on the trunk lid, a driven unit for locking disposed on the trunk lid, a connecting rod connecting the driven unit to the driving unit, and a support unit supporting the connecting rod to the trunk lid. The support unit includes a guider disposed on the trunk lid and a moving member disposed on the connecting rod and movably disposed on the guider. The driving unit includes a rotatable first lever attached to one end of the connecting rod. The driven unit includes a rotatable second lever attached to another end of the connecting rod.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a motorized trunk-closing system for an automotive vehicle (1) comprising a trunk (2) having an interior and an operating mechanism for operating an automatic movement of a trunk lid (3) from a first position, in which the interior of the trunk (2) is accessible for a user, to a second position, in which the interior of the trunk (2) is shut off by said trunk lid (3), said operating mechanism comprising a trip device (5) placed level with the trunk in such a way as to be inaccessible from the outside of the automotive vehicle when the trunk lid (3) is in the second position. The trip device comprises at least one sensor (5) for detecting the presence of the user.

Abstract: A vehicle decklid displacement mechanism includes a linkage for leveraging displacement of the lid with respect to a vehicle body, an extension strut having spring means biasing the ends of the strut away from each other and a motorized crank. The crank is driven by the motor for pivotal engagement with the extendable strut so that the combined leverage of the linkage and the biasing of the strut geometrically urge the decklid to an open position. A position of the crank is adjusted by the motor to retract the decklid from its fully open position, at which point the weight of the lid overcomes the leverage of the linkage and the biasing of the extendable strut to displace the decklid toward its open position.

Abstract: A closing unit for a flap of a motor vehicle includes at least two hinges which can pivot about a pivot axis between an open position and a closed position; a single drive including a motor, a clutch, and a gear mechanism; and at least two transmission elements extending between the single drive and respective the hinges for pivoting the hinges.

Abstract: A vehicle decklid system uses a planetary gear drive to move a decklid relative to a vehicle body. The planetary gear drive includes a rotatable gear that is disposed between two fixed gears. One fixed gear is rigidly mounted to the decklid and one fixed gear is rigidly mounted to the vehicle body. A rotating link connects centers of the rotatable gear and two fixed gears. The combination of the planetary gear drive and rotating link make it possible to provide powered complex, two-dimensional motion of the decklid requiring a four-bar linkage.

Abstract: A device for covering a trunk of a motor vehicle, the device comprises a trunk lid movable relative to a body of the vehicle, a force transmission unit for driving the movement of the trunk lid, a fastening element for releasably securing the trunk lid in a closed state of the trunk lid, wherein the force transmission unit drives the movement of the trunk lid, and wherein the force transmission unit drives the movement of the fastening element between an open and a closed state, wherein the fastening element is connected by a link gear mechanism to the force transmission unit, and wherein the link gear mechanism, in a closed state of the fastening element, is disposed in an over-center position.

Abstract: A link assembly for opening and closing a trunk lid of a vehicle having a movable roof includes lifting and locking links. The lifting link connects the lid to the vehicle to move the lid between a closed position covering the trunk, an opened position in which the front lid edge is raised, and another opened position in which the rear lid edge is raised. The locking link is adjustable between a first position in which its front end is movable and its rear end is pivotably locked to a rear joint, and a second position in which its front end is pivotably connected to a front joint and its rear end is movable. In the first position, the locking link acts on the lifting link to raise the front lid edge. In the second position, the locking link acts on the lifting link to raise the rear lid edge.

Abstract: Each of the sets of pivots (5) comprise a base (9) fixed to the bodyshell (10) of the vehicle, a body (11) linked to the hood (4) of the rear boot by a hinge (12) and means for locking the body (11) in relation to the base. For a lock in the closed position of the hood, a hook (16) of the front and rear sets of pivots (5 and 7) engages, in a co-ordinated manner, the first and second stubs (17 and 21), whereas, for an opening of the hood swiveled towards the rear, during unfolding or folding away of the roof into the boot, the hooks (16) of the front and rear sets of pivots operates so as to respectively and solely engage the second stubs (17) of the rear set of pivots (7) and release, in a co-ordinated manner, the second and third stubs of the front set of pivots (5), and inversely for an opening swiveled towards the front of the hood, to access a luggage loading zone in the boot.

Abstract: An open air system can be utilized on a vehicle with a liftgate configuration. The open air system does not interfere or hinder operation of the liftgate between the open and closed positions. The open air system can include one or more roof panels that are moveable relative to the vehicle roof to provide an open air motoring experience. The moveable panels can be moved to a position above or below the liftgate. The moveable panels can move with the liftgate between the open and closed positions.

Abstract: A rear boot (3) hood (4), for a convertible vehicle (1) swivels in relation to the bodyshell, via a first assembly element (13) capable of engaging in a detachable manner into a second assembly element (14) linked to the bodyshell. First and second runner surfaces (13a, 14a, 16c and 17a) work together at the end of the swivel movement of the hood. Means for locking/unlocking comprising first and second means for engaging (16 and 17) lock the hood in relation to the bodyshell. According to the invention, the first and second means for engaging (16 and 17) respectively have between them first and second contact surfaces with co-operative shapes, so that for at least the main part of its stroke, said first means for engaging (16) applies a substantially constant pressure on the corresponding second means for engaging (17).

Abstract: A rear hood assembly system is proposed for vehicles. The rear hood assembly includes a multi-joint link assembly. The multi-joint link assembly couples the rear hood to a vehicle body. The multi-joint link assembly includes a locking link. The locking link can move between a locked position and an unlocked position. When the locking link is in the locked position, a rotary joint pivotably couples the locking link to the vehicle body to raise the rear edge of the rear hood. When the locking link is in the unlocked position, the rotary joint is unlocked.

Abstract: A saddle type vehicle including at least one trunk provided with a lid, an opening/closing mechanism for permitting and rejecting the opening and closing of the lid, and a radio signal receiving unit which receives a radio signal for remotely operating the opening/closing mechanism, whereby the radio signal receiving unit is disposed on top of the trunk. A rear trunk is mounted on a rear portion of a body of the vehicle, a lid having a projection formed outside on top of the trunk, and a radio signal receiving unit is disposed inside the projection.

Abstract: A hinged vehicle body part for a motor vehicle is inserted into an opening of a vehicle body and, on its circumference side, is surrounded by stationary vehicle body parts. For linking the hinged body part, hinges are connected on one side with the hinged vehicle body part and are connected on the other side with a stationary vehicle body part. So that the hinged body part can be adjusted in its closed state in the correct position with respect to the adjoining vehicle body and can be fixed in the adjusted position, it is provided that at least one fastening point of each hinge provided on the stationary body part is arranged outside the contour of the hinged vehicle body part. These fastening points, which are situated outside the contour of the hinge part, can be covered by a releasably fastened assembly part of the adjoining stationary vehicle body part.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coupling a liftgate panel on a vehicle body for pivotal movement along a path between open and closed positions. A mounting includes hinge sets formed from two hinge leafs, at least one torsion rod extending through aligned pivot portions on each hinge set. Preferably, each hinge set is integrally formed with a common torsion pin by retainers holding ends of the torsion pin with respect to one leaf of each of the hinge sets. In a preferred embodiment, a return bent end of a common torsion pin is received in a first leaf of one of at least two hinge sets, while the other end of the rod is return bend and retained in a second leaf catch that receives an arm throughout a limited portion of the liftgate path between closed and open positions.

Abstract: A trunk hood designed to be automatically closed in controlled manner and to cover the trunk in closed position, comprises an inner surface. The hood comprises an inner mat integral with the inner surface, at least one deformable linking means for linking the inner mat to the inner surface mobile between a spaced apart position and a close-up position, and at least one contact switch designed to detect a close-up position of the inner mat relative to the inner surface and to interrupt the movement closing the hood.

Abstract: A stowage system for a retractable roof of a convertible automotive vehicle has a tonneau and a deck lid for covering the open top of a stowage compartment. The tonneau is hinged to a fixed frame structure of the vehicle and the deck lid is hinged to the tonneau. In their closed positions, the tonneau and the deck lid close the open top of the stowage compartment and in their open positions the tonneau and the deck lid provide clearance enabling the retractable roof to be moved into and out of a stowed position in the stowage compartment.

Abstract: The package shelf (3) comprises sliders (47) which are moveable in relation to the frame (46) of the vehicle, a shelf (48) which can move along two tracks (46) which are fixed to the frame (45) and along the sliders (47), and driving means whereby a first part thereof is fixed to the shelf (48) and the second part thereof cooperates with the first part and is fixed to the sliders (47). The arrangement of the shelf (48), sliders (47), tracks (46), frame (45) and driving means, which are mounted independently from the frame (45), enable the shelf (48) to be displaced in relation to the latter.

Abstract: An automatic opening and closing device including: a trunk lid; a drive unit which generates drive force for operating the opening and closing member; a hinge arm which is mounted between a rear fender and wheel house inner panel and the trunk lid; and a first link and a second link which transmit the drive force of the drive unit to the trunk lid. The drive unit is fitted to an edge portion of a trunk room aperture portion, and the first and second link are provided so as to straddle the hinge arm.

Abstract: In order to protect pedestrians in the event of a collision with a motor vehicle, a bodyshell element forming a hood or trunk lid has at least one edge area with an outer part isolated from a support structure, in such a way that the outer part creates an energy-absorbing zone in front of the support structure part as a means of protection in a collision.

Abstract: A safety sensing and/or release system for a closed compartment of a vehicle is operable to detect an occupant within the vehicle compartment. The system may be operable to sense ambient conditions in the vehicle compartment, and may generate a control signal in response to the sensed conditions. The system may actuate indicators to notify operators of the vehicle that there is a person or animal detected in the compartment. Optionally, the system may open the vehicle compartment in response to a detection of an occupant and the sensed conditions. The safety system includes a false trigger protection means that limits or reduces false detections of a person or animal within the compartment.