Abstract: A method for controlling a brake fluid pressure using an ESC system in a vehicle is to reduce the braking distance and increase braking safety of a vehicle on a wet road surface by performing brake fluid pressure control based on precipitation data.

Abstract: An arrangement and a method for carrying out a self-load test on a rail vehicle which has a dual-mode drive system. A first drivetrain of the rail vehicle includes a diesel engine, which is coupled to an electric generator to generate electrical power. The generator is connected via a first converter to a DC link to transfer the power delivered by the generator as required into the DC link. A second drivetrain of the rail vehicle has an electrical line system, which is connected via a second converter to the DC link to transfer power from the line system as required into the DC link. During the self-load test of the diesel engine, the power delivered by the generator passes in part via a third converter to a braking resistor and in part via the second converter into the line system.

Abstract: A brake system for hydraulically actuating a pair of front wheel brakes and a pair of rear wheel brakes includes a reservoir and a master cylinder fluidly connected to the reservoir and operable to provide a brake signal. A first power transmission unit is in fluid communication with the reservoir, a selected one of the rear wheel brakes, and a first fluid separator corresponding to a selected one of the front wheel brakes. A first electronic control unit is configured to control the first power transmission unit. A second power transmission unit is in fluid communication with the reservoir, the other one of the front wheel brakes, and a second fluid separator corresponding to an other one of the front wheel brakes. A second electronic control unit is configured to control the second power transmission unit.

Abstract: A brake operation unit includes, for example, a master cylinder that movably houses a piston moving in connection with an operation member; an electric discharging unit including a motor and a discharging mechanism that is caused to discharge a working fluid by operation of the motor; and a reaction force applying mechanism that applies a reaction force to the operation member. A second central axis of the motor is separated from a first central axis of the master cylinder, and intersects a direction parallel to the first central axis. When viewed in a direction parallel to the second central axis, the first central axis is located between the second central axis and the reaction force applying mechanism.

Abstract: A brake system for selectively actuating at least one of a pair of front wheel brakes and a pair of rear wheel brakes includes a reservoir and a master cylinder. A power transmission unit is configured for selectively providing pressurized hydraulic fluid. A pair of rear brake motors selectively electrically actuate rear parking brakes. An electronic control unit controls at least one of the power transmission unit and the pair of rear brake motors. A normally-closed DAP valve is located hydraulically between the power transmission unit and at least one of a two-position three-way valve and at least the selected one of the pairs of wheel brakes. An isolation valve and a dump valve are associated with each wheel brake.

Abstract: To obtain a hydraulic pressure control unit and a straddle-type vehicle brake system, each of which can answer a request for downsizing. The straddle-type vehicle brake system has a hydraulic circuit that includes: a primary channel through which brake fluid in a master cylinder is delivered to a wheel cylinder; a secondary channel through which the brake fluid in the wheel cylinder is released to a primary channel intermediate portion; and a supply channel that supplies the brake fluid to a secondary channel intermediate portion.

Abstract: A method of determining a homing position of a piston within a plunger assembly for a vehicle brake system at the beginning of an ignition cycle of the vehicle includes first providing a plunger assembly having a housing defining a bore therein. The plunger assembly includes a piston slidably disposed in the bore for pressurizing fluid within a pressure chamber when the piston is moved in a first direction. The plunger assembly further includes an electrically operated linear actuator for moving the piston within the bore. The method further includes providing electrical power to the linear actuator of the plunger assembly. The linear actuator is actuated to retract the piston in a second direction opposite the first direction towards an end stop. The piston engaging with the end stop is then detected.

Abstract: An electrohydraulic brake actuator for a motor vehicle. The brake actuator has a piston-cylinder unit, whose piston is displaceable by an electric motor via a screw drive. Two pistons are provided, of which initially only a piston having a greater pressure-generating piston surface is displaced in order to build up pressure quickly and subsequently a second piston having a smaller pressure-generating piston surface is displaced in order to increase pressure.

Abstract: A braking force control apparatus is provided which has an upstream braking actuator for generating an upstream pressure common to four wheels, a downstream braking actuator individually controlling braking pressure supplied to braking force generating devices of the wheels using the upstream pressure, and a control unit. When the downstream braking actuator is abnormal and the upstream pressure can be supplied to the braking force generating devices, but a braking pressure of any one of the wheels cannot be normally controlled, the control unit selects a control mode on the pressure increasing side out of the front wheel control modes, selects a control mode on the pressure increasing side out of the rear wheel control modes, selects a control mode on the pressure decreasing side out of the two selected control modes as a prescribed control mode, and controls the upstream pressure in the prescribed control mode.

Abstract: An integrated control system for a vehicle is provided. The system includes a friction coefficient calculation unit that calculates friction coefficients of left side and right side road surfaces, respectively, based on vehicle wheel state information and a predetermined setting information collected during ABS operation. A feedforward braking pressure calculation unit calculates a feedforward braking pressure of each vehicle wheel using the friction coefficients. An ABS braking pressure calculation unit calculates an ABS braking pressure of the each vehicle wheel based on the feedforward braking pressure and slip rate information. A rear wheel steering control amount calculation unit calculates a rear wheel steering control amount for yaw compensation using the ABS braking pressure of each vehicle wheel and a rear wheel steering controller executes a rear wheel steering control according to the rear wheel steering control amount.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a brake corner of a vehicle including that real-time brake corner temperature data of the brake corner is detected, real-time brake corner pressure data of the brake corner is detected, and real-time brake corner torque data of the brake corner is detected. The method further includes that a brake drag or a brake pulsation is determined in response to the braking energy of the brake corner, whether the brake pedal of the vehicle is applied, and at least one of the real-time brake corner pressure data of the brake corner and the real-time brake corner torque data of the brake corner.

Abstract: A method for electronically setting the brake force distribution of a desired total braking force in partial braking forces to the axle of a motor vehicle in dependence on the differential slip is provided. The differential slip is detected as the difference of the slip values of a variable representing the slip at the respective axle and is assigned to a relevant pair of axles. One of the axles is selected as a reference axle and the respective differential slip of a pair of axles is determined as the difference of the slip value at the reference axle and of the respective slip value of one of the further axles.

Abstract: An actuator assembly for an integrated dynamic brake apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a hollow motor having a stator and a rotor spaced apart from an inner circumferential surface of the stator; a block having one side coupled to one side of the motor and in which chamber that accommodates fluid is formed; a gear unit having one side coupled and fixed to the rotor to convert rotational movement of the rotor to linear movement; a piston configured to receive the converted linear movement from the gear unit to linearly reciprocate; and an electronic control unit coupled to the other side of the block and comprising a motor position sensor configured to detect a position of the motor.

Abstract: A method for operating a brake system, wherein two switching valves arranged on the suction side of pumps are opened and closed in an alternating manner in order to reduce current consumption.

Abstract: A brake system includes first and second wheel brakes, a reservoir, and a brake pedal unit having a housing and a pair of output pistons slidably disposed in the housing. The output pistons generate brake actuating pressure during a manual push-through mode for actuating the first and second wheel brakes. The system further includes a plunger assembly having a housing having first and second ports, a motor driving an actuator, and a piston connected to the actuator. The piston pressurizes a first chamber when the piston is moving in a first direction to provide fluid flow out of the first port. The piston pressurizes a second chamber when the piston is moving in a second direction opposite the first direction to provide fluid flow out of the second port. The first and second ports are selectively in fluid communication with the wheel brakes.

Abstract: A method for operating a dual-circuit hydraulic brake system of a vehicle having an ABS function to feed back pressure medium from low-pressure reservoirs.

Abstract: A method for operating a dual-circuit hydraulic brake system of a vehicle having an ABS function to feed back pressure medium from low-pressure reservoirs.

Abstract: A trailer control valve comprises a valve electronic control port adapted to receive an electronic control signal; a valve pneumatic supply port unrestrictedly fluidly communicating with a first supply of a pneumatic fluid; a valve pneumatic control port normally proportionally fluidly communicating with a second supply of the pneumatic fluid based on a pressure representing a driver brake demand, the first supply of the pneumatic fluid being in an independent pneumatic circuit from the second supply of the pneumatic fluid; and a valve delivery port selectively fluidly communicating with at least one of the valve pneumatic supply port and the valve pneumatic control port based on the electronic control signal, the pressure representing the driver brake demand and a pressure of the first supply of the pneumatic fluid.

Abstract: A brake system for motor vehicles may have a main brake cylinder with a floating piston arranged therein, which hermetically seals first and second pressure chambers from one another. The first pressure chamber may be hydraulically connected to a first brake circuit, and the second pressure chamber may be hydraulically connected to a second brake circuit. The brake system may further include a pressure means reservoir under atmospheric pressure, wheel brakes, an electrically controllable pressure supply device for pressure build-up and pressure reduction in the wheel brakes, a valve block with a currentless open inlet valve/switching valve for each wheel brake and with at least one outlet valve, wherein each wheel brake can be hydraulically connected via the switching valve associated with it to a pressure chamber of the main brake cylinder.

Abstract: The braking system includes a first and a second braking actuators associated with wheels of a respective axle or a respective bogie of a railway vehicle and to which there are connected a first electro-pneumatic control assembly and a second electro-pneumatic control assembly respectively, each comprising a charging solenoid valve and a discharging solenoid valve adapted to cause an increase and a reduction, respectively, of a pneumatic pressure supplied to the corresponding braking actuators, and a control unit arranged to control the electro-pneumatic control assemblies as a function of a target braking pressure, so that the assemblies cause the application of respective pressures to the corresponding braking actuators.

Abstract: A braking system for vehicles comprising a pilot pump provided with a manual actuation means, the pilot pump being fluidically connected to a hydraulic actuator device in turn operatively connected to a braking device associated with a wheel of said vehicle, wherein the hydraulic actuator device delimits a first and a second actuation chamber fluidically separated by a movable septum along an axial direction X-X, the first actuation chamber containing fluid pressurized by the pilot pump, the second actuation chamber being filled with fluid under pressure and being provided with a delivery duct fluidically connected to said braking device.

Abstract: Provided is a braking device for a vehicle comprising: a first hydraulic pressure generation unit which generates hydraulic pressure corresponding to the volume of a master chambers in the master chambers that change in volume according to the movement of master pistons; a second hydraulic pressure generation unit which is configured so as to be capable of generating a desired hydraulic pressure in a bottoming state in which the forward movement of the master pistons is restricted by a master cylinder; braking force generation units which apply the braking force corresponding to the input hydraulic pressure to wheels of a vehicle; and a braking force control unit which causes the second hydraulic pressure generation unit to generate hydraulic pressure in the bottoming state, and inputs the hydraulic pressure to the braking force generation units.

Abstract: A pressure modulator for an ABS system includes a housing that which has a hydraulic inlet and a hydraulic outlet that are interconnected via a hydraulic line; a volume accumulator that increases a volume of the hydraulic line during an activated anti-lock function, a linear drive for opening the volume accumulator and an electronic circuit that controls the linear drive and is disposed in the housing.

Abstract: A vehicle includes a brake pedal, a master cylinder, a braking circuit with a wheel cylinder, and a brake pressure generator with strokable piston. A pedal feel simulator is coupled to the master cylinder through a switchable valve, the simulator providing a reaction force. An isolation valve closes to isolate the braking circuit from the master cylinder and the simulator circuit. A controller is programmed to connect the simulator circuit with an outlet of the brake pressure generator, and to stroke and retract the piston at a designated diagnostic time. The controller observes a pressure decrease as the piston retracts and checks whether the pressure-decrease to piston-retraction relationship is within a predetermined acceptable range for continued operation of a brake-by-wire mode in which the master cylinder is coupled to the simulator circuit and decoupled from the braking circuit.

Abstract: A method is described for operating a vehicle, including the following steps: determining a respective traction of the vehicle wheels; determining which of the respective tractions of the vehicle wheels per axle of the vehicle is the highest traction; determining which of the respective highest tractions per axle is the lowest traction; controlling a admission pressure-generating device as a function of the determined lowest traction of the respective highest tractions per axle such that the admission pressure-generating device regulates a brake pressure in a single-channel brake circuit for the vehicle wheels as a function of the determined lowest traction such that the vehicle is decelerated according to the regulated brake pressure. Also described are a corresponding device, a corresponding system, and a computer program product.

Abstract: A vehicle braking system includes a brake pedal, master cylinder, a braking circuit with a wheel cylinder, and a brake pressure generator. A pedal feel simulator is coupled to the master cylinder output side through a switchable valve, the pedal feel simulator providing a reaction force. An isolation valve closes to isolate the braking circuit from the master cylinder and the simulator circuit. A primary pressure sensor generates a braking request signal responsive to the brake pedal. A controller activates the brake pressure generator to apply a braking force to the wheel cylinder based on the braking request signal. The controller identifies an abnormal value from the primary pressure sensor and couples the pedal feel simulator with a secondary pressure sensor within the braking circuit to determine whether the abnormal value indicates a primary pressure sensor malfunction or a malfunction of the pedal feel simulator or the switchable simulator valve.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the brake system, the connection of the master cylinder and the slave cylinder to the wheel brakes can be switched by the first switching valve and the second switching valve, and the communication with the slave cylinder can be cut off by the first cutoff valve and the second cutoff valve. This enables the fluid pressures which are applied to the wheel brakes to be put in the various states without having a complex configuration, thereby making it possible to control the fluid pressures with good efficiency in such a way as to match suitably the conditions of the brake system and the conditions of the vehicle.

Abstract: Provided is a master cylinder apparatus with a reduced size enabled by simplifying the fluid passageway configuration. A master cylinder apparatus which includes a base member containing a fluid passageway for brake fluid and to which an operation of a brake operator is inputted is provided with: a master cylinder installed on the base member to generate a fluid pressure based on an input produced by operating the brake operator; and at least two solenoid valves attached to one side of the base member to open or close the fluid passageway. The two solenoid valves are disposed symmetrically with respect to a central axis along the axial direction of the master cylinder as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the one side of the base member.

Abstract: Two electric brake devices are mounted to respective wheels of a vehicle and each include an electric motor. If fluctuations in braking force occurs in one of the two electric brake devices, a control device calculates operating quantities of the respective electric brake devices based on the deviation between a command value of the sum of the braking forces of the electric brake devices and the sum of the feedback values of the braking forces of the electric brake devices, and causes both electric control devices to perform compensation operations for compensating for the braking force fluctuations while keeping constant the sum of the respective braking forces. This makes it possible to effectively reduce the braking force fluctuations even if the operating amplitudes of the individual electric brake devices are small.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compressor circuit for a pneumatic control device of a motor vehicle, including: a compressor, and a pressure regulator, the pressure regulator being arranged between an input side of the compressor and the pneumatic control device, wherein the pressure regulator is designed to measure an upstream pressure of air from the pneumatic control device present on its side facing the pneumatic control device and to supply this air at an input pressure to the input side of the compressor, the pressure regulator being designed to control the input pressure on the basis of said measurement.

Abstract: A method for operating a brake system in a motor vehicle, having at least one hydraulic circuit that has a hydraulic pump and at least two wheel brakes, at least one actuatable inlet valve being allocated to each wheel brake. The brake system is monitored for a driver's braking request. To acquire the driver's braking request, a first wheel behavior of at least one wheel allocated to one of the wheel brakes is acquired, such that, upon acquiring of an unexpected wheel behavior, the braking intervention is interrupted and a second wheel behavior of the wheel is acquired and compared to the first wheel behavior of the wheel, and the driver's braking request is recognized as a function of the comparison.

Abstract: There is provided a system for estimating or monitoring the temperature of brake fluid in a hydraulic brake mechanism, the system comprising a controller configured for: receiving data related to the temperature of a brake friction element of said hydraulic brake mechanism; and estimating the temperature of said brake fluid based upon said data. Aspects of the invention also relate to brake systems and vehicles comprising such systems, to related methods, and to suitable controllers and software.

Abstract: A vehicle braking unit comprises an operating braking pressure inlet which receives an inlet braking pressure built up by a braking cylinder, and at least one operating brake pressure outlet at which an outlet braking pressure is provided for an operating brake modulator, which is upstream of the operating brake and provides anti-lock functionality. At least one connecting channel hydraulically connects the operating brake pressure inlet to the outlet. Brake fluid is supplied from a storage unit through the brake cylinder, the connecting channel and the operating brake modulator. The braking unit has a brake fluid inlet, through which the brake fluid is received from the storage unit, a brake fluid pump, by which the brake fluid is suctioned through the brake fluid inlet and a supply pressure is built up, and a valve unit that controls the outlet braking pressure and/or a parking brake release pressure by the supply pressure.

Abstract: A brake device (10) includes a service brake valve (16) that produces an actuation-dependent pressure at a service brake valve outlet (20) when an operating means (18) is actuated. The brake device (10) includes a brake actuator (40) with a brake actuator inlet (39). The service brake valve outlet (20) is connected to the brake actuator inlet (39) via a pressure connection (14). The pressure connection (14) includes a directional control valve (24) and a check valve (30). The check valve (30) is bypassed in a first valve position of the directional control valve (24) to allow a fluid flow from the brake actuator inlet (39) to the service brake valve outlet (20) and a fluid flow through the check valve (30) from the brake actuator inlet (39) to the service brake valve outlet (20) is largely prevented in a second valve position of the directional control valve (24).

Abstract: An electromechanical braking device for a braking system including a master brake cylinder including an electric motor, an adjustable output rod, and a gear, the electric motor being connected to the output rod at least via the gear so that a power transmission path is present via which a motor output is at least partially transmittable to the output rod so that the output rod is adjustable, the electromechanical braking device including at least one elastic component situated within the power transmission path which is configured so that the at least one elastic component is not compressible below a control point of the electromechanical braking device, but during the occurrence of pressure peaks in the master brake cylinder which are above the control point of the electromechanical braking device, the at least one elastic component is compressible. Also described is a braking system for a vehicle.

Abstract: An electromagnetic actuation system includes an actuator having an electrical coil, a magnetic core, and an armature. The system further includes a controllable drive circuit for selectively driving current through the electrical coil. A control module provides an actuator command to the drive circuit effective to drive current through the electrical coil to actuate the armature. The control module includes a magnetic force control module configured to adapt the actuator command to converge magnetic force within the actuator to a preferred force level.

Abstract: A braking system, in particular for a motor vehicle, including a braking force device having a brake booster for boosting a braking force and a brake pressure supply device for providing brake pressure with the aid of a brake medium, a braking device which may be acted on by pressure by the brake medium with the aid of the brake pressure supply device, and at least one sensor which is designed to detect a distance differential of a displacement means for the displacement of a volume of the brake medium of the braking force device. The braking force device is designed to ascertain the volume of brake medium to be displaced on the basis of the detected distance differential.

Abstract: A control device for a vehicle brake system, having a control device/arrangement by which a closing signal is outputtable to an isolation valve via which a first brake circuit is hydraulically connected to a main brake cylinder, and at least one first control signal is outputtable to at least one first hydraulic component, so that a first actual brake pressure in the first brake circuit can be varied, an existing functional impairment of the at least one first hydraulic component and/or of at least one further brake system component being determinable, or a warning signal being receivable, and, if warranted, a closing signal being outputtable to a changeover valve of a second brake circuit, and, after or simultaneously with an outputting of the closing signal to the changeover valve, an opening signal being outputtable to the isolation valve. Also described is a related method for operating the vehicle brake system.

Abstract: A vehicle braking control device includes: an indicated-value-setting unit for setting an indicated current value, which relates to a differential pressure valve provided to a channel between a master cylinder and a wheel cylinder, to a value corresponding to a required differential pressure; and a depressurization-starting differential pressure acquisition unit for acquiring, as a depressurization-starting differential pressure, the differential pressure at the point in time when a pressurizing state for increasing the differential pressure caused by the differential pressure valve transitions to a depressurizing state for reducing the differential pressure caused by the differential pressure valve. The area between the depressurization-starting differential pressure and a boundary differential pressure is set as a depressurization-starting differential pressure area.

Abstract: A hydraulic device of a vehicle braking system includes a storage reservoir configured to store brake fluid. The hydraulic device further includes a pump with a suction side configured to set a brake fluid pressure in at least one associated wheel brake. The hydraulic device also includes a line connection interposed between the storage reservoir and the suction side of the pump. In addition, the hydraulic device includes a high-pressure switching valve arranged in the line connection. The high-pressure switching valve is configured to possess an opening pressure of less than 1 bar. Further, the hydraulic device includes at least one brake circuit, and the at least one brake circuit includes the pump, the line connection, and the high-pressure switching valve.

Abstract: A tire state estimation method is provided for estimating normal force, lateral force and longitudinal forces based on CAN-bus accessible sensor inputs, including deploying a normal force estimator generating the normal force estimation from a summation of longitudinal load transfer, lateral load transfer and static normal force using as inputs lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration and roll angle derived from the input sensor data; deploying a lateral force estimator estimating lateral force using as inputs measured lateral acceleration, longitudinal acceleration and yaw rate; and deploying a longitudinal force estimator estimating the longitudinal force using as inputs wheel angular speed and drive/brake torque derived from the input sensor data.

Abstract: An integrated electro-hydraulic brake system includes a power source unit storing a pressure, discharging oil from a reservoir to an accumulator, and a motor driving the pump; and an integrated hydraulic control device including a master cylinder and generating a hydraulic pressure, a reservoir connected above the master cylinder and storing oil, an in-valve and an out-valve controlling pressure delivered from the accumulator to a wheel cylinder. The power source unit is provided as a separate unit to isolate operating noises, and the integrated hydraulic control device and the power source unit are connected by an external pipe, and the out-valve is provided as a normally open type-solenoid valve that is used at low current ranges, normally maintains an open state in order to reduce heat generation, but is closed when a close signal is received, compared to a normally close type-solenoid valve that normally maintains a close state.

Abstract: A brake system includes a master cylinder, an electric servo brake, and an electric motor. The electric motor drives a screw that engages a pair of helical gears which are each mounted on a respective shaft. Each shaft further mounts a gear that meshes with a respective gear rack. The electric servo brake includes a body that defines rails which guide the gear racks. A lever is supported on each end by one of the gear racks, and is connected to a support via a pivot point. The support lies flat against a side of a reaction disk that lies against a push rod that actuates the master cylinder.

Abstract: A brake control system of a vehicle, including a first electric motor, a second electric motor, a first piston cylinder and a second piston cylinder. Each piston cylinder includes a hydraulic chamber and a piston, where the position of the piston defines the volume of the hydraulic chamber. The system includes a plurality of wheel cylinders and a hydraulic control unit which includes two sets of electromagnetic valves. Each of electric motors are mechanically connected to the piston of respective piston cylinder via a motion converter that converts rotational motion of the electric motor to linear motion of the piston, thus changing the pressure of the hydraulic chamber. The hydraulic chambers are hydraulically connected with the respective set of the electromagnetic valves, further connecting to corresponding wheel cylinders.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating an electromechanical vehicle brake system having an ESP module and at least two brake circuits, each brake circuit comprising high and low pressure switching valves, a low pressure storage device, and two wheel brakes. The method comprises, in advance of a possible breaking procedure and based on a trigger factor, filling the low pressure storage device with an amount of brake fluid at a first pre-pressure. Subsequently, an ESP pump is used to fill the vehicle brake system, including the low pressure storage device, with an adjustable amount of final pre-pressure. All valves are closed when the final pre-pressure is achieved. The method further comprises, during a braking procedure, opening respective inlet valves of the wheel brakes and supplying at least a part of the final pre-pressure to at least one wheel brake of the vehicle brake system.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the steering of an aircraft is enhanced by the use of a steering control system. The steering control system may include a steering request unit, a speed measurement unit, a steering control unit, and a steering control device. The steering control system is operable to generate and transmit to a steering control device, a wheel position request based on a steering request and the speed of the aircraft.

Abstract: A vehicle brake system and method for operating same, having a master brake cylinder, a brake medium reservoir, and a first brake circuit, connected via a reservoir line to the brake reservoir, having at least one first wheel brake cylinder, a first wheel inlet valve associated with the first brake cylinder, a first pump, by which a first brake medium volume is pumpable from the reservoir line through the open first wheel inlet valve into the first brake cylinder, a continuously adjustable first wheel outlet valve, by which a first brake medium displacement from the first cylinder into the brake reservoir is controllable, and a connecting line having a spring-loaded non-return valve, via which a delivery side of the first pump is connected to the brake reservoir, a brake medium displacement from the brake reservoir to the delivery side of the first pump being prevented by the spring-loaded non-return valve.

Abstract: Methods for controlling wheel slip of a motor vehicle include braking the wheel by supplying a first measured quantity of brake fluid from a modulation cylinder to a brake device of the wheel, determining the wheel slip of the wheel, and moving a second measured quantity of brake fluid between the modulation cylinder and the brake device. When the wheel slip is too small or too large, a change in a volume of the brake fluid in the modulation cylinder is measured and a change in a measure of a braking effect is determined. The second measured quantity of brake fluid is determined on the basis of the measured change in the volume of the brake fluid in the modulation cylinder and the change in the measure of the braking effect. Braking systems configured to carry out the methods, as well as vehicles including the braking systems, are further contemplated.

Abstract: First main and second hydraulic pressure paths, master cut valves configured to open and close the first and second main hydraulic pressure paths, respectively, a slave cylinder that operates in accordance with an operation amount of a brake operator, a first communication path that communicates from the slave cylinder to the first main hydraulic pressure path, and a second communication path that communicates from the slave cylinder to the second main hydraulic pressure path are provided. The slave cylinder includes a single hydraulic pressure chamber. The slave cylinder communicates with the first and second communication paths through a common flow path connected to the hydraulic pressure chamber. The slave cylinder is configured to be able to increase a pressure on a downstream side of the first or second main hydraulic pressure path. An on-off valve is provided in at least one of the first and second communication paths.

Abstract: A brake device for a vehicle includes: a cylinder body in which brake oil is compressed; a first piston pressurizing brake oil while moving along the inside of the cylinder body; a connection part having a smaller outer diameter than the first piston, and including one side connected to the first piston and the other side extended to the outside of the cylinder body; a pipe line part connecting the cylinder body and a wheel brake, and transferring the brake oil compressed through the movement of the connection part to the wheel brake; and a valve controlling the flow of the brake oil transferred along the pipe line part.