Abstract: Provided is a brake control apparatus mounted in a vehicle with a plurality of wheels, the brake control apparatus including: a actuator configured to apply a braking torque to the plurality of wheels; and a controller configured to control the actuator to apply a first braking torque to a first wheel of the plurality of wheels, based on a spin of the first wheel being greater than or equal to a target spin, and to control the actuator to apply a second braking torque to the plurality of wheels based on a displacement of a brake pedal of the vehicle while applying the first braking torque to the first wheel, wherein the controller stepwise or linearly increases a braking torque applied to a second wheel of the plurality of wheels up to the second braking torque.

Abstract: A torque transmission device for a vehicle including at least one motor, the torque transmission device including a first clutch, a second clutch and a transmission member. A first transmission mechanism is provided between the first clutch and the transmission member, and a second transmission mechanism is provided between the second clutch and the transmission member. A connection element arranged to permit or interrupt the mutual rotational drive between the first output element of the first clutch and the transmission member, by means of the first transmission mechanism.

Abstract: A method for operating a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system, in the event of a malfunction of the second functional unit includes the steps of generating a hydraulic pressure by means of the first hydraulic pressure generator and controlling at least one of the first valve assembly and the second valve assembly in such a way that a lower hydraulic pressure is established at the rear wheel brakes than at the front wheel brakes. The vehicle brake system includes a first functional unit, a second functional unit, and a control system. The first functional unit includes at least one first hydraulic pressure generator, a first valve assembly, and a second valve assembly, which is arranged between the first hydraulic pressure generator and the rear wheel brakes. The second functional unit includes at least one second, electric hydraulic pressure and a third valve assembly.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a rapid-response active suspension system controls suspension force and position for improving vehicle safety and drivability. The system may interface with various sensors that detect safety critical vehicle states and adjust the suspension of each wheel to improve safety. Pre-crash and collision sensors may notify the active suspension controller of a collision and the stance may be adjusted to improve occupant safety during an impact while maintaining active control of the wheels. Wheel forces may also be controlled to improve the effectiveness of vehicle safety systems such as ABS and ESP in order to improve traction. Also, bi-directional information may be communicated between the active suspension system and other vehicle safety systems such that each system may respond to information provided to the other.

Abstract: An electric vehicle braking system including a braking controller, a front braking system, and a rear braking system. The front braking system includes a front friction brake and a front regenerative braking system. The rear braking system includes a rear regenerative braking system and excludes a friction brake. The braking controller is configured to detect the front regenerative braking has reached a maximum force, detect additional deceleration is required, and, in response to detecting the front regenerative braking has reached the maximum force and detecting additional deceleration is required, apply the front friction brake.

Abstract: A brake system for a vehicle is disclosed and includes an energy storage device configured to store and discharge energy, a plurality of wheels having an observer wheel, one or more processors operatively coupled to the energy storage device, and a memory coupled to the one or more processors. The memory stores data comprising a database and program code that, when executed by the one or more processors, causes the brake system to determine the brake system is operating in a backup mode of operation. In response to determining the brake system is operating in the backup mode of operation, the brake system is caused to apply a first brake pressure command to the observer wheel. In response to determining the observer wheel is starting the skid condition, the brake system is caused to determine a second brake pressure command based on a target slip value.

Abstract: First target braking forces for front and rear wheels are calculated by distributing a target braking force of automatic braking to the front and rear wheels at a first front/rear wheel distribution ratio when braking operation is started by a driver during execution of the automatic braking control, second target braking forces for the front and rear wheels are calculated by distributing the braking force requested by the driver to the front and rear wheels at a second front/rear wheel distribution ratio preset to be different from the first front/rear wheel distribution ratio such that a pitch moment applied to a vehicle body due to braking forces of the front and rear wheels becomes zero, and braking forces of the front and rear wheels are controlled so as to be sums of the first and second target braking forces of the front and rear wheels, respectively.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a brake control device applied to a vehicle including a hydraulic brake device that generates a hydraulic braking force by pressing a braking member with hydraulic pressure toward a member-to-be-braked that rotates integrally with a wheel; and an electric brake device that generates an electric braking force by pressing the braking member by driving a motor toward the member-to-be-braked. A controller that controls the electric brake device is provided. The controller executes, when a predetermined condition is satisfied, a positional control for driving a motor and moving a propeller shaft that transmits the driving force of the motor to the braking member toward the member-to-be-braked as compared to when the predetermined condition is not satisfied.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vehicle control device that can reduce the delay in the deceleration response of a vehicle to a deceleration command. The present invention modifies the distribution ratio of brake fluid pressure between front brakes and rear brakes on the basis of lateral motion information, vehicle information, and a collision risk or a traveling scene obtained from information pertaining to the external surroundings. The brake fluid pressure is distributed to only one of the front brakes or the rear brakes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a controller (27) for a braking system for a vehicle (10). The braking system has an independent generator (20, 22) on respective front and rear axles (16, 18). The controller (27) comprises an input (44) arranged to monitor a vehicle condition and an operating condition of the generators (20, 22). The controller (27) also comprises a processing means (46) arranged to determine a brake force distribution range between the front and rear axles (16, 18) based on the vehicle condition, and in response to a braking demand and the operating condition of the generators (20, 22), calculate a brake force distribution within the brake force distribution range. In addition, the controller (27) comprises an output (50) arranged to control the generators in accordance with the calculated brake force distribution.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a rapid-response active suspension system controls suspension force and position for improving vehicle safety and drivability. The system may interface with various sensors that detect safety critical vehicle states and adjust the suspension of each wheel to improve safety. Pre-crash and collision sensors may notify the active suspension controller of a collision and the stance may be adjusted to improve occupant safety during an impact while maintaining active control of the wheels. Wheel forces may also be controlled to improve the effectiveness of vehicle safety systems such as ABS and ESP in order to improve traction. Also, bi-directional information may be communicated between the active suspension system and other vehicle safety systems such that each system may respond to information provided to the other.

Abstract: A brake system includes a service brake and a parking brake that brake a vehicle including a lift axle capable of ascending and descending. The brake system further includes a brake blocker device and a controller that controls the brake blocker device. The brake blocker device blocks at least one of supply of compressed air to the service brake and supply of compressed air to the parking brake. The service brake and the parking brake act on the lift axle. The controller actuates the brake blocker device when the lift axle is at a lifted position.

Abstract: A determination method is performed by a computer, and the method includes determining, by processor, whether or not a brake was suddenly stepped on, on the basis of comparison between a magnitude of a forward-backward-acceleration differentiation amount obtained through temporal differentiation of acceleration in forward and backward directions of a vehicle measured by an accelerometer mounted on the vehicle and a magnitude of an upward-downward-acceleration differentiation amount obtained through temporal differentiation of acceleration in upward and downward directions of the vehicle measured by the accelerometer in a prescribed temporal interval that temporally ranges before and after a timing at which the acceleration in the forward and backward directions was measured.

Abstract: A braking control device includes a first wheel cylinder on either the left or right front wheel side of a vehicle; a second wheel cylinder on the other side; a first pressure-regulating mechanism that pressurizes the brake fluid inside the first wheel cylinder; a second pressure-regulating mechanism that pressurizes brake fluid inside the second wheel cylinder; and a normally-closed opening/closing valve interposed in a connecting fluid path connecting the first wheel cylinder and the second wheel cylinder and in which, if a sudden operation is determined, the opening/closing valve is put in a connected state and increases the pressure of the brake fluid inside the first and second wheel cylinders by the first and second pressure-regulating mechanisms.

Abstract: Brake fluid inside a first wheel cylinder is pressurized by using a first pressure-regulating mechanism and brake fluid inside a second wheel cylinder is pressurized by using a second pressure-regulating mechanism. If a determination means determines that the first pressure-regulating mechanism action is in an unsuitable state and the second pressure-regulating mechanism action is in a suitable state, the control means pressurizes the brake fluid inside the first wheel cylinder by using a master cylinder and pressurizes the brake fluid inside the second wheel cylinder by using the second pressure-regulating mechanism, when an operation volume is less than a value. When the operation volume has reached the value, the control means pressurizes the brake fluid inside the first and second wheel cylinders by using the second pressure-regulating mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle behavior control device is for use in a vehicle including a brake pedal, a master cylinder generating a hydraulic pressure in response to an operation with the brake pedal, an electric hydraulic pressure generator connected to the master cylinder and electrically generating a hydraulic pressure based on the operation with the brake pedal, and a wheel cylinder in each wheel for braking. The device controls a brake hydraulic pressure to be applied to the wheel cylinder to control vehicle behavior. When brake control is executed such that a brake hydraulic pressure not based on the operation with the brake pedal is generated if the brake pedal is not being operated, a hydraulic pressure applied to a wheel cylinder in a diagonal wheel positioned diagonal from a brake wheel for controlling the behavior of the vehicle is adjusted to the hydraulic pressure in the master cylinder.

Abstract: A method and control system for controlling an electromechanical actuator (1, 2) of a brake system for motor vehicles, in which a measured actual value, of a controlled variable is intended to be set to a specified target value. A first actuator speed target value is determined on the basis of the target value and the actual value by a first controller (19,20), and wherein a manipulated variable for the electromechanical actuator (I, 2) is determined on the basis of the first actuator speed target value and a second actuator speed target value. The second actuator speed target value is determined on the basis of the target value and a specified relationship (30, 40) between the controlled variable and a variable corresponding to a position of the electromechanical actuator.

Abstract: In a method for detecting an incorrect installation of brake lines of a brake system for a multi-axle motor vehicle, a tandem brake master cylinder, connected by the brake lines to primary and secondary circuits of the brake system, is actuated to completely fill a primary reservoir of a primary circuit and a secondary reservoir of a secondary circuit of the brake system. The primary and secondary circuits are associated to wheel brakes of a first and second axles, respectively, and provide brake fluid volumes, of which the primary circuit is greater. Outlet valves of the primary and secondary circuits are then closed, and actuation of the tandem brake master cylinder is still maintained to thereby decelerate a revolving wheel of the first axle and determine a braking behavior. A measuring device indicates whether the brake lines are correctly or incorrectly installed as a function of the braking behavior.

Abstract: A simulation device for an electrically controlled braking apparatus of a vehicle with an electric motor having a motorized axis slant in relation to the translation axis of the strut of the pedal group, a contrast body connected to the strut, a main abutment wall and an elastic contrast element, disposed between the main abutment wall and the contrast body. The method of applying the contrast action to the pedal provides for activating, when the flattening action of the pedal by the user is terminated, the motor to achieve an inactive configuration in which the useful distance of maximum compression of the elastic contrast element is minimal.

Abstract: A method for controlling a brake system in a vehicle includes providing a first non-friction braking torque for an axle of the vehicle when the vehicle has a first load. A second non-friction braking torque lower than the first non-friction braking torque is provided for the axle when the vehicle has a second load lower than the first load. Non-friction braking at the axle is limited by the first and second non-friction braking torques when the vehicle has the first and second loads, respectively.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system includes a brake actuating element, a simulation device with a detector for detecting brake actuation by a driver. No mechanical and/or hydraulic operative connection between the brake actuating element and the wheel brakes is provided. A pressure medium reservoir, an electrically controllable pressure source for actuating the wheel brakes can be connected to each of the wheel brakes, electrically actuable wheel valves assigned to the wheel brakes for setting wheel brake pressures, and at least one electronic control and regulating unit for actuating the pressure source and wheel valves. The pressure source includes at least one piston which is sealed in a housing by a first sealing element and a second sealing element. In the case of a leak of the first sealing element, a pressure build-up is carried out at the wheel brakes by the pressure source with use of the second sealing element.

Abstract: A jet propelled watercraft includes a vessel body, a jet propulsion mechanism, a bucket, and a controller. The jet propulsion mechanism is configured to propel the vessel body. The controller is configured and programmed to control a thrust of the jet propulsion mechanism to propel the vessel body. The bucket is configured to move to a retracted position spaced away from the jet of water ejected from the jet propulsion mechanism and a jet receiving position to receive the jet of water ejected from the jet propulsion mechanism. The controller is configured and programmed to change an increase rate of the thrust in accordance with a forward speed of the vessel body until the thrust is increased to a predetermined value after the bucket has been moved from the retracted position to the jet receiving position.

Abstract: A required brake force calculator calculates a required brake force for each vehicle based on a load on the vehicle or carriage detected by a variable load detector and a brake command acquired by a command acquirer. A target brake force calculator, based on the required brake force, calculates a common target brake force for a vehicle driven by a main electric motor and calculates a common target brake force for a vehicle not driven by a main electric motor. A control pattern generator, based on the target brake force and a vehicle speed detected by a speed detector, generates a common control pattern for electric power converters. An electric brake force calculator calculates an electric brake force generated by operation of main electric motors. A supplementer sends a brake force command value based on the electric brake force and the target brake force to mechanical brakes.

Abstract: A brake system for a motor vehicle having front and rear axles, the brake system having front and rear axle braking mechanisms operated under pressure control devices for producing a respective brake pressure on the front and rear axles of the motor vehicle. A controller receives signal information from sensors and systems on the motor vehicle to detect initiation of a braking process and detect a current speed of travel of the motor vehicle. An initial brake pressure for the rear axle braking mechanism is determined by the controller. A target brake pressure for the rear axle braking mechanism is determined by the controller and is representative of an increase in pressure relative to the initial brake pressure and the current speed of travel. Instructions from the controller operate the pressure control devices to produce the target brake pressure at the rear axle braking mechanism.

Abstract: A hydraulic pressure generator for a vehicle brake system comprises a piston and a cylinder that movably accommodates the piston. The piston defines a first hydraulic chamber and a second hydraulic chamber in the cylinder on opposite piston sides, wherein each hydraulic chamber has a hydraulic inlet and a hydraulic outlet. An actuating unit is able to put the piston into a back-and-forth motion so that an intake stroke with regard to the first hydraulic chamber corresponds to a discharge stroke with regard to the second hydraulic chamber, and vice versa.

Abstract: A vehicle-center-of-gravity condition determining apparatus includes: a rear wheel brake pressure change unit; a front wheel brake pressure detector; a rear wheel brake pressure detector; a rear wheel axle load estimating unit configured to estimate a rear wheel axle load based on a relationship between front and rear brake pressures detected during braking and a rear wheel axle load property of the rear wheel brake pressure change unit; and a vehicle-center-of-gravity condition determiner configured to determine a center of gravity condition of a vehicle in a vehicle width direction based on the estimated rear wheel axle load. The rear wheel axle load estimating unit is configured to estimate each of the rear wheel axle loads in a case where braking is performed in a state of at least two of during straight running, during right turning, and during left turning.

Abstract: An electronic hydraulic brake system may include: a main master cylinder driven by a motor in response to control of an electronic control unit (ECU), and supplying oil pressure to wheel cylinders; and a backup master cylinder forming a reaction force on a brake pedal in response to pressure of the brake pedal. When power of the ECU is cut off, the backup master cylinder may supply oil pressure to the main master cylinder.

Abstract: A traction control device of a six-wheel drive construction machine, the drive construction machine including: right and left front wheels connected to each other via an axle, right and left center wheels connected to each other via an axle, and right and left rear wheels connected to each other via an axle, the right and left front, center and rear wheels being driven as driving wheels; a braking mechanism provided to each of the wheels; and a differential adjusting mechanism for adjusting a differential between the front and rear driving wheels, the traction control device controls the braking mechanisms only for the driving wheels related to any two of axles while controlling the differential adjusting mechanism.

Abstract: A brake device for motor vehicles has at least two hydraulic brake circuits which are directly connected to a master brake cylinder, as well as an additional brake circuit, which is able to be actuated via a control device, independently of the master brake cylinder. Because of the separate hydraulic brake circuits in the region of the front axle, redundancy is provided, while the third brake circuit, that is able to be actuated independently of the master brake cylinder and typically acts on the rear wheels, during automatic actuation, permits taking into account a braking effect by additional active assemblies, such as a driven generator.

Abstract: Brake apparatus (10; 110; 140) includes a transmission unit (75) for operatively connecting a brake pedal (12) to a master cylinder (17), and the transmission unit is capable of varying a ratio between an output amount of a push rod (86) connected to a master cylinder (17) and a movement amount of the brake pedal (12). Further, the transmission unit (75) is constructed such that, in a latter-half operation amount region (E2; E6; E9) of the brake pedal, the ratio of the operation amount of the brake pedal to the movement amount of the push rod is controlled, via the transmission unit, to increase in response to increase of the operation amount of the brake pedal.

Abstract: A hydraulic brake system includes a master cylinder, a wheel brake, an electronic valve provided to each of an inlet and an outlet of each of wheel brakes, a pump compressing oil stored in a low pressure accumulator such that oil is ejected towards the wheel brake or master cylinder, an orifice disposed near an outlet port of the pump, a first hydraulic circuit connecting a first port of the master cylinder to two wheel brakes to control transmission of hydraulic pressure, and a second hydraulic circuit connecting a second port of the master cylinder to the remaining two wheel brakes to control transmission of hydraulic pressure, wherein a damper unit is disposed between the outlet port of the pump and the orifice to relieve a pulsation phenomenon. The damper unit allows main flow passages of the first and second hydraulic circuits to communicate with each other therethrough.

Abstract: A device and method for a hydraulic brake system of a land vehicle in order to block a brake circuit of the brake system with regard to a supply of brake pressure generated by a driver, to establish a hydraulic connection between the output side of a wheel brake and the input side of a controllable pump and to generate a predetermined brake pressure at the input side of the wheel brake by the use of a pump.

Abstract: A parking brake control device performs a releasing control with good precision by more precisely maintaining clearance between a friction-applying member and a friction-applied member. During a releasing control, a timing at which a braking force generated by an electric parking brake 2 drops to zero is detected based on a change in a motor current, and a second releasing operation time is set according to the magnitude of the motor current at the time the braking force drops to zero. This makes it possible for the second releasing operation time to be set in accordance with fluctuations in a motor load due to temperature changes or the like. Therefore, a clearance between a brake pad and a brake disc can be kept constant according to the motor load.

Abstract: A VSA device (24), which controls vehicle behavior by individually controlling the pressure of brake fluid supplied from a slave cylinder (23) to a wheel cylinder (16, 17; 20, 23), is provided with: an accumulator (62) which can be connected to the wheel cylinder and the slave cylinder (23); an out-valve (60, 61) disposed on a fluid path between the wheel cylinder and the accumulator (62); a check valve (63) that allows only flow of brake fluid from the accumulator (62) to the slave cylinder (23); and a regulator valve (54) disposed on a fluid path between the wheel cylinder and a path between the check valve (63) and the slave cylinder (23). Brake fluid is discharged from the accumulator (62) to the slave cylinder (23) by reducing the driving force of an electric motor (32) of the slave cylinder (23), thereby rendering a special pump unnecessary and making it possible to reduce the weight, cost, and component count.

Abstract: In a braking control apparatus, a plurality of pumps are driven by a common first motor. A brake supplies operating fluid to pipelines by operating the first motor, and controls opening/closing of a fluid pressure regulating valve so as to make the wheel cylinder pressure in the right front wheel approach the right front wheel target pressure, and controls opening closing of a fluid pressure regulating valve so as to make the wheel cylinder pressure in the left rear wheel approach the left rear wheel target pressure. In the case where the right front wheel target pressure is zero when the fluid pressure regulating valve is to be opened so as to make the wheel cylinder pressure in the left rear wheel approach the left rear wheel target pressure, the brake turns off the first motor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a brake system which comprises an actuating device (26), especially a brake pedal (30), and a control/regulation device (22). Said control/regulation device (22) controls at least one electromotive drive device (7a, 7b, 8) in response to the movement and/or position of the actuating device (26). The drive device adjusts a piston (1, 1a, 1b) of a piston/cylinder system via a non-hydraulic transmission device, thereby adjusting a pressure in the working compartment (4?, 4?a, 4b?) of the cylinder. Said working compartment is connected to a wheel brake (15, 17) via a pressure conduit (13, 13a). A valve (14, 14a, 15, 15a, 14?, 14a?) is interposed between the brake cylinder of the wheel brake and the working compartment of the piston/cylinder system. The control/regulation device opens the valve for pressure suppression or pressure build-up in the brake cylinder and closes it in order to maintain the pressure in the brake cylinder.

Abstract: In a brake control apparatus that controls braking forces which are applied to wheels based on the pressure of the hydraulic fluid, when the pressure detected by a control pressure sensor (73) is equal to or higher than a predetermined value while a partition valve (60) is closed, a master cut valve (64) is closed to suppress an increase in the pressure in a first passage (45) in a first hydraulic circuit (37), to which the control pressure sensor (73) is connected. Alternatively, the control pressure sensor (73) is protected against overpressure by opening the outlet valve (56,57) or the pressure-decreasing valve (67).

Abstract: Disclosed is a hydraulic brake system capable of reducing periodic pressure pulsation caused by operation of a piston. The hydraulic brake system includes a master cylinder generating braking hydraulic pressure by operation of a brake pedal, a wheel brake provided to each of front right and left wheels and rear right and left wheels of a vehicle to receive the braking hydraulic pressure from the master cylinder to generate braking force, a solenoid valve provided to each of an inlet and an outlet of each of the wheel brakes to control flow of the braking hydraulic pressure, a low pressure accumulator temporarily storing oil, which is ejected from the wheel brakes during operation of the solenoid valves, a pump compressing the oil stored in the low pressure accumulator such that the oil is ejected towards the wheel brakes or the master cylinder as needed, and an orifice disposed near an outlet port of the pump.

Abstract: The invention relates to a technology for effecting electronic brake force distribution in a vehicle brake system, which is equipped with a hydraulic brake boosting, comprising detecting a state requiring an electronic brake boosting and a limiting of the brake pressure generation of the hydraulic brake boosting according to the electronic brake boosting.

Abstract: A wheel braking controller of a vehicle includes a brake lever operated by a rider, a master cylinder generating a hydraulic pressure according to an operation force of the brake lever, and a brake caliper braking a front wheel based on operation of the brake lever, a channel switching unit provided between the master cylinder and the brake caliper and switching channels of a brake fluid. A hydraulic pressure generator generates a hydraulic pressure based on operation of the brake lever and the driving state of the vehicle and controlling braking of the front wheel using the brake caliper by the hydraulic pressure. A braking controller including the channel switching unit and the hydraulic pressure generator is integrally provided on one body. The wheel braking controller so configured reduces the number of parts, and provides for easy mounting of the controller on the vehicle body.

Abstract: A brake system for a vehicle including a master cylinder in which a front pressure chamber and a rear pressure chamber are defined by movably supporting an input piston and a pressure piston in a cylinder. A high-pressure supply pipe of an accumulator is coupled to wheel cylinders via hydraulic supply pipes, and coupled to the rear pressure chamber via a hydraulic supply pipe and a second hydraulic pipe. Pressure booster valves and pressure reducing valves are attached to the hydraulic pressure supply pipes, respectively. The wheel cylinder is coupled to the front pressure chamber via the first hydraulic pipe, and a coupling pipe for coupling a first hydraulic pipe and the hydraulic supply pipe is provided with the switching valve.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to reduce an influence of deviation in pressure increasing performance, which would be caused by individual differences of pressure increase valves, so that a desired braking force may be obtained. A moderate pressure increasing operation is carried out for wheel cylinder pressure of a wheel, which is on a high ?-road, wherein a demand differential pressure for a pressure increase valve is set at a first target pressure for a first time period and then switched to a second target pressure for a second time period. The influence of the deviation may be absorbed during the moderate pressure increasing operation, so that a difference of wheel cylinder pressure between front left and front right wheels may be reduced.

Abstract: A method of detecting a minispare tire in a vehicle having a vehicle control system. The method includes detecting a rotational velocity of each of a plurality of wheels of the vehicle; determining whether a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle based on the rotational velocities detected at each of the plurality of wheels; adjusting the vehicle control system if a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle; sensing a hydraulic pressure of a braking system of the vehicle; and suspending determination of whether a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle if the hydraulic pressure exceeds a predetermined critical pressure level.

Abstract: Systems and methods to prevent dragging of a fluid pressure type disk brake system are described herein. Brake fluid pressure generated by a master cylinder during a braking operation is transmitted to a wheel cylinder via a VSA system. The VSA system includes a low pressure accumulator and an out-valve disposed between the wheel cylinder and the low pressure accumulator. Temporarily opening the out-valve during a braking operation allows part of the brake fluid that would otherwise be supplied to the wheel cylinder to be supplied to the low pressure accumulator. After the braking operation by the driver is completed, brake fluid supplied to the wheel cylinder is returned to the master cylinder. Thus, a piston of the wheel cylinder is withdrawn by an extra amount corresponding to the amount of brake fluid supplied to the low pressure accumulator, thus reliably prevents disk pad dragging in the disk brake system.

Abstract: To improve brake force in front and rear combined brake control, a brake control device includes a front wheel brake caliper having at least two front wheel cylinders, and a rear wheel brake caliper having a rear wheel cylinder. A front wheel brake conduit is disposed between a front wheel master cylinder and one of the front wheel cylinders, and a rear wheel brake conduit is disposed between a rear wheel master cylinder and the rear wheel cylinder. A pressure amplification conduit branches from a first position in the rear wheel brake conduit and merges with the rear wheel brake conduit at a second position downstream of the first position. A combined brake conduit branches from a third position in the rear wheel brake conduit positioned downstream of the first position and is coupled to the other of the front wheel cylinders. A first switch control valve is disposed between the first position and the third position in the rear wheel brake conduit.

Abstract: A brake control system of a motorcycle is provided which can suppress a malfunction of an anti-lock braking system applied to a rear wheel which would be caused by an abnormal speed difference between the front and rear wheels. A threshold value for a skid rate for the rear wheel is kept to a second skid rate threshold value until a time when a predetermined condition is established. The second skid rate threshold value is larger than a first skid rate threshold value that is usually employed.

Abstract: An engine-propelled monowheel vehicle comprises two wheels, close together, that circumscribe the remainder of the vehicle. When the vehicle is moving forward, the closely spaced wheels act as a single wheel, and the vehicle turns by leaning the wheels. A single propulsion system provides a drive torque that is shared by the two wheels. A separate steering torque, provided by a steering motor, is added to one wheel while being subtracted from the other wheel, enabling the wheels to rotate in opposite directions for turning the vehicle at zero forward velocity. The vehicle employs attitude sensors, for sensing roll, pitch, and yaw, and an automatic balancing system. A flywheel in the vehicle spins at a high rate around a spin axis, wherein the spin axis is rotatable with respect to the vehicle's frame. The axis angle and flywheel spin speed are continually adjustable to generate torques for automatic balancing.

Abstract: According to the braking force control system of the present invention it is prevented that the braking root pressure is increased unnecessarily high when the braking force increase suppressing control was initiated during the execution of the brake assist control without losing the effects of increasing the braking force available when the brake assist control only is executed.

Abstract: A method of detecting a minispare tire in a vehicle having a vehicle control system. The method includes detecting a rotational velocity of each of a plurality of wheels of the vehicle; determining whether a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle based on the rotational velocities detected at each of the plurality of wheels; adjusting the vehicle control system if a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle; sensing a hydraulic pressure of a braking system of the vehicle; and suspending determination of whether a minispare tire is mounted on the vehicle if the hydraulic pressure exceeds a predetermined critical pressure level.

Abstract: A vehicle braking assembly comprising a master cylinder (10) with no central valves, a brake fluid reservoir (62) mounted separately from the master cylinder (10), pumps (50) for pressurizing the brake fluid and first solenoid valves (68) in pipes (66) connecting the brake fluid reservoir (62) to the inlets of the pumps (50). According to the invention, a calibrated orifice (76) and a nonreturn valve (78) which are connected in parallel are mounted in these pipes (66).