Abstract: A method for testing a photovoltaic panel connected to an electronic module. The electronic module includes an input attached to the photovoltaic panel and a power output. The method activates a bypass to the electronic module. The bypass provides a low impedance path between the input and the output of the electronic module. A current is injected into the electronic module thereby compensating for the presence of the electronic module during the testing. The current may be previously determined by measuring a circuit parameter of the electronic module. The circuit parameter may be impedance, inductance, resistance or capacitance.

Abstract: A control method for an energy-storage apparatus, an energy-storage apparatus, and a storage medium are provided. The energy-storage apparatus supplies power to electrical devices, establishes a communication connection with a terminal bound to a target user, and includes a high-voltage box including a controller, and multiple energy-storage modules.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for regulating the state of charge of a battery. An exemplary electrical system includes a fuel cell coupled to a bus and a battery coupled to the bus via a switching arrangement coupled to a capacitor. An exemplary method for operating the electrical system involves operating the switching arrangement such that a voltage of the battery is substantially equal to a voltage of the fuel cell when a state of charge of the battery is greater than a lower threshold value and less than an upper threshold value, and operating the switching arrangement to couple the capacitor electrically in series between the battery and the bus when the state of charge of the battery is not between the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

Abstract: A hand brake operated control device of a car includes an electrical control circuit having a normal-open switch positioned under a rear cam portion of a hand brake lever, a normal-close switch formed in a front portion of the hand brake lever to be operatively depressed by a push button of the hand brake lever, and an electromagnetic switch which is powered for protruding a core latch outwardly to retard a depression of an accelerator pedal of the car, whereby upon an upwardly pulling of the hand brake lever for braking the car, the normal-open switch will be closed by the rear cam portion of the hand brake lever to close the electrical control circuit to actuate the electromagnetic switch to protrude the core latch outwardly for retarding a depression of the accelerator pedal for preventing the driving of a hand braked car for protecting the car; and upon a depression of the push button of the hand brake lever, the normal-close switch will be opened as being depressed by the push button to thereby open the

Abstract: In a hair treatment device with a winding mandrel driven by a motor and used to wind up hair, the current used by the motor is led through a current limiter circuit in order to limit torque. The current limiter circuit comprises an operating stage and a safety stage. The safety stage is utilized to limit current if the operating stage fails.

Abstract: A torsion member (12) has opposing protruding end elements (4, 6) configured for transmitting torque therebetween. A first contact mechanism (20, 26) is mounted to a surface (10) of one end (4) of the torsion member (12). The first contact mechanism includes a movable contact (26') disposed between the end elements (4, 6) of the torsion member. A second contact mechanism (18, 28) is mounted to a surface (11) of the other end element (6) of the torsion member (12). The second contact mechanism includes a movable contact (28') disposed near the first contact (26'). The first contact (26') and second contact (28') move toward each other whenever torsion is applied to the torsion member (12). Means (30, 40) are provided for changing the distance between the first and second contacts (26', 28'), and for producing a signal whenever the first and second contacts touch.

Abstract: An electronic circuit adapted to receive conditioned force signals from a three-axes load cell mounted on the arm of a robot and provide a stop signal for use by a controller of the robot. The circuit compares the sum of the absolute value of the forces with a variable reference signal. A force trip relay and a masking relay are connected in parallel to provide the stop signal when both the resulting sum is greater in value than the reference signal and the robot is in an operating condition in which high forces do not normally occur.

Abstract: A weighting circuit operates to process a torque signal which may be produced by a strain gauge located within the handle of a drilling machine. The circuit includes a first sensor device for receiving the torque signal, and an integrator which integrates the torque signal when the amplitude of the torque signal exceeds a certain level as determined by the first sensor device. The output of the integrator is applied to a second sensor device which operates to switch off the machine when a predetermined integration value produced by the integrator is exceeded. The torque signal thus can be evaluated very thoroughly with the present circuit, so that improved control over the response of a drilling machine during blocking, jamming or twisting conditions, can be obtained.

Abstract: An electrically energized actuator for operating a valve has an output shaft for connection to a rotatable valve stem and is driven, via a gear train, by an electrically energized motor. A safety shut off mechanism is responsive to a predetermined resistance to rotation of the output shaft to operate an electric switch which prevents further operation of the drive motor.