Abstract: A method is disclosed to add functionality to a terminal of a high voltage integrated circuit without the penalty of additional high voltage circuitry. The benefit is that alternative modes of operation can be selected for testing, trimming parameters of the integrated circuit, or any other purpose without the cost of an additional terminal. In one embodiment, ordinary low voltage circuitry monitors the voltage on the terminal that normally is exposed to high voltage. The configuration of a simple voltage detector and an ordinary latch allows easy entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit is not in the intended application, but prohibits entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit operates in the intended application.

Abstract: A power supply circuit for a vehicle audio system supplies a regulated voltage to a control unit through a series diode and full battery voltage to a power amplifier through a normally-off series power-FET. When the audio system is activated, the control unit turns on the series power-FET to permit operation of the power amplifier. If the control unit detects a sudden voltage drop or an engine crank signal, it prevents audible loudspeaker sounds by immediately turning off the series power-FET and issuing a shut-down command to the power amplifier. If the battery voltage is reversed, the series diode isolates the control unit, and the series power-FET remains off.

Abstract: A system for automatically detecting power supply voltage includes a voltage divider connected to a power supply, an A/D converter connected to the voltage divider, a detection module connected to the A/D converter for comparing a digital signal converted by the A/D converter with a reference signal stored in the detection module, a relay driving circuit connected to the detection module, a relay connected to the relay driving circuit and the power supply respectively, and an outlet coupled to the relay for outputting voltage. If the digital signal matches the reference signal, the detection module controls the relay driving circuit to turn on the relay to output voltage at the outlet. Relevant method for detecting power supply voltage is also provided.

Abstract: An audio power conversion system includes a power supply having a positive supply rail and a negative supply rail for supplying power to a single ended class D amplifier. The system further includes a supply pump reduction circuit connected to the supply rails and adapted to redistribute a pumping charge from said power supply by forcing a current-flow from a rail with a higher voltage to a rail with a lower voltage. According to the at least one embodiment of the invention, the redistribution circuit is arranges to always distribute charge from the rail with the higher voltage. Thus, for practical circuits, the pump canceling occurs continuously and is not confined to every other cycle.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for an interface switch having an external terminal electrically connected to an AC voltage ? at a frequency ?0 (for example a utility supply), and an internal terminal electrically connected to an AC voltage V at a selectable frequency ? (for example a microsource). In one embodiment, the interface switch is closed when the voltage difference between ? and V and the relative phase angle ?EV between ? and V are both small, and when the higher frequency voltage (as between ? and V) leads the lower frequency voltage. In another embodiment, the interface switch is closed when the envelope of the voltage difference between ? and V reaches a local minimum at a point of inflection.

Abstract: A contactor control apparatus is provided for controlling contactors connected to a battery assembly. A contactor control apparatus includes a controller for turning on and off a first contactor connected to one end of a battery assembly having at least one secondary battery connected in series and a second contactor connected to another end of the battery assembly. The controller counts a first counter value when a control voltage for controlling each contactor is higher than a first reference voltage, and holds the first counter value when the control voltage is lower than or equal to the first reference voltage. The controller turns off at least one of the first contactor and the second contactor when the first counter value is equal to or higher than a first threshold value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for enabling or disabling a feature based on a battery level threshold, the method including: checking a battery level; determining whether the battery level is above or below a predetermined threshold for the feature; and enabling or disabling the feature based on the result of the determining step. Further, a method and server application for enabling or disabling a feature based on a battery level threshold, the method including: obtaining a battery level at a server application; comparing the battery level with a preconfigured threshold for the feature; and modifying data or a data type to be sent to the mobile device based on the result of the comparing step.

Abstract: An apparatus to generate a high voltage includes a switching part to control a voltage induced in a secondary coil of a power transforming part, by interrupting a current in a primary coil of the power transforming part, a digital controlling part to control the interruption operation of the switching part according to supplied control data. The switching part, the digital interfacing part and the digital controlling part may be embodied in an ASIC chip (application-specific integrated circuit). An optimum control according to an output state of the apparatus is easily achieved, manufacturing time for tuning each parameter is reduced and heat generation in the apparatus is reduced.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for generating low-voltage dips in an electrical power generator (2), particularly an aerogenerator, consisting of: a circuit which is disposed between the control cabinet (4) of the generator and the output transformer (3) to the network (30), comprising a transformer (31) and a plurality of in-series impedances (11, 14, 17; 12, 15, 18; 13, 16, 19) for each phase, having switches (24, 25, 26; 20, 21, 22; 27) associated therewith; and short-circuit generator means, selectively actuating the switches as a function of the type of voltage dip required.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a source driver and a method for restraining noise output by a source driver during power on/off of a power supply. The source driver includes a multiplexer, at least two channels and at least two output pads. The channels are connected to the output pads via the multiplexer. The source driver is powered by a first supply voltage from the power supply. The two output pads are connected via a charge sharing switch. The method comprises the following steps. First, determine whether the first supply voltage is insufficient, and if yes, perform the following steps. Turn off the charge sharing switch. Then, disconnect the channels from the output pads by the multiplexer.

Abstract: A switching device for a transformer allows stable power supply without power interruption when a secondary winding voltage of the transformer is changed in the case of voltage drop on a distribution line due to a load characteristic. The switching device having an uninterruptible power supply function includes a plurality of switches operated by an external signal, a current circulation unit for multiple switches electrically connected to a large-current path of the switches to perform a switch-on function in place of the switches upon switching on and off between the switches, and a control unit electrically connected to the switches and current circulation unit to read voltage values and to apply signals to the switches depending on the voltage values to sequentially switch the switches. Accordingly, the switching device can stably supply power to power consumption sources without power interruption.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus for forming an image with an electrophotographic process, that includes: a power source; a first drive unit having a capacitative load and driving each part of the apparatus; a second drive unit having a capacitative load and driving each part of the apparatus; and a power supply control circuit that is provided on a power supply path between the power source and the second drive unit, that switches whether or not electric power is supplied to the second drive unit. The power supply control circuit includes: a field-effect transistor with its source connected to the power source side of the power supply path, and its drain connected to the second drive unit side of the power supply path; a first resistive element connected between the field-effect transistor's gate and its source; a second resistive element and a capacitative element that are connected in parallel with the first resistive element, and connected with each other in series between the gate and the source.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device provides a choice of external pins (connections) that may be user selectable for coupling an external filter/stabilization capacitor to an internal voltage regulator. However, connecting the output of a internal voltage regulator to an uncharged external filter/stabilization capacitor (or to a capacitor charged to a different voltage level than the internal regulation voltage) through a low impedance path can cause the regulator output voltage to sag/spike if the internal voltage regulator tries to charge/discharge the capacitor up/down to equilibrium with the regulator output voltage. To minimize this potential sag/spike, the voltage on the external filter/stabilization capacitor may be adjusted in a controlled manner to substantially the same voltage as the voltage on the output of the internal voltage regulator, and then the internal voltage regulator is operationally coupled through a low impedance to the external regulator filter/stabilization capacitor.

Abstract: An integrated circuit arrangement is disclosed which comprises a semiconductor body having a substrate and at least one substrate terminal, at least one semiconductor component integrated in the semiconductor body and being connected between a first supply terminal providing a first supply potential and a second supply terminal providing a second supply potential, and switching means adapted for connecting at least one of said substrate terminals to either the first or to the second supply terminal dependent on which supply terminal provides the lower supply potential.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to add functionality to a terminal of a high voltage integrated circuit without the penalty of additional high voltage circuitry. The benefit is that alternative modes of operation can be selected for testing, trimming parameters of the integrated circuit, or any other purpose without the cost of an additional terminal. In one embodiment, ordinary low voltage circuitry monitors the voltage on the terminal that normally is exposed to high voltage. The configuration of a simple voltage detector and an ordinary latch allows easy entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit is not in the intended application, but prohibits entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit operates in the intended application.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining a switching time of an electric switching device. An electric switching device includes an interrupter link. A first line section and a second line section can be connected and disconnected by way of the interrupter link. In order to determine a switching time, the temporal progression of a driving voltage is determined in the first line section. In addition, a temporal course of an oscillator voltage appearing in the second line section is determined. Potential switching times are determined at the voltage zero crossings of a resulting voltage. The selection of the potential switching times ensues while evaluating the rises of the driving voltage and of the oscillator voltage or of the polarity of the oscillating current.

Abstract: A switch circuit including a control unit and a voltage level adjusting circuit is provided. The control unit has a first end, a second end, and a third end. The first end of the control unit receives a first voltage, and the voltage difference between the first end and the third end is steady. In addition, the voltage level adjusting circuit has a switch which is determined whether or not turning on according to the voltage on the second end of the control unit, so as to determine whether driving a load or not. The voltage level adjusting circuit is used for adjusting a bias of the load on driving. The switch has a source. The voltage on the source is varied following the ON/OFF of the switch, and the voltage on the third end of the control unit is varied following the voltage on the source.

Abstract: Automated motor vehicle battery voltage protection is provided by setting voltage trip points for increasing engine speed and for shedding selected electrical loads. The system is effected by programming a vehicle body computer which communicates with, and exerts control over, various vehicle system controllers over one or more controller area networks. The body computer is programmed to monitor battery voltage and initiates an increase in engine speed first, and if that fails to restore a minimum battery voltage level, begins shedding loads in a predetermined order.

Abstract: A switching arrangement is connected between a PC and a communications line. The switching arrangement is controlled by a power supply voltage in the PC that can be accessed externally. When the PC switched off, this supply voltage disappears and the device in the communications line goes into a blocked state. This makes it possible to completely disconnect the PC from the communications line without conducting any operations in the PC, even if the communications card or the modem wants to maintain a constant connection with the outside world.

Abstract: A power supply includes at least one current source for providing current and a reference voltage generator for providing a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage. A control circuit selectively couples the current to the power supply output as a function of a monitored voltage, the first reference voltage, and the second reference voltage.

Abstract: A circuit for controlling at least two power switches that are series connected between a source of electrical power and an electrical load, for energizing the load in response to a signal at a control input. The circuit includes a programmed controller having an input as the control input and a voltage sensor circuit connected to sense the voltage between the power switches and apply a voltage signal to a controller input. It may also have a sensor for sensing the current through the switches and applying a current signal to the controller. The controller inputs the voltage between the switches or the current through the switches to provide a sensed first value. It compares the sensed first value to an expected first value that exists if both switches are turned off. One of the two switches is turned on if the sensed first value is equal to the expected first value.

Abstract: A power switching circuit is disclosed. The power switching circuit includes an output switch coupled to a power supply, a control circuit controlling the first switch to output the power supply according to a voltage of a node, and a user switch for receiving a switch signal. Two clock circuits control the voltage of the node according to the period of the switch signal.

Abstract: An transfer switch having a transfer control provides electric power to a load. The transfer switch includes a power switching device provided with electric power from a first power source, such as a utility power source, and a second power source, such as a generator power source. The transfer control is structured to monitor the second power source, maintain a runtime count of the second power source, and provide an indication of the runtime count, either at the transfer switch or at a location remote from the transfer switch and the second power source.

Abstract: Systems and methods for switching to a back-up power supply are provided. One such system includes a threshold detector circuit; a first switching circuit for enabling access to a first power source, the first switching circuit comprising at least a first transistor; and a second switching circuit for enabling access to a second power source, the second switching circuit comprising at least a second transistor; wherein the threshold detector is configured to cause the second switching circuit to enable access to the second power supply responsive to a voltage provided by the first power supply dropping below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: An AC/DC input power converter including only a single input cable such that a user will never have to switch cabling, regardless if the cable is connected to an AC voltage source or a DC voltage source.

Abstract: A method is disclosed to add functionality to a terminal of a high voltage integrated circuit without the penalty of additional high voltage circuitry. The benefit is that alternative modes of operation can be selected for testing, trimming parameters of the integrated circuit, or any other purpose without the cost of an additional terminal. In one embodiment, ordinary low voltage circuitry monitors the voltage on the terminal that normally is exposed to high voltage. The configuration of a simple voltage detector and an ordinary latch allows easy entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit is not in the intended application, but prohibits entry into the test and trimming mode when the integrated circuit operates in the intended application.

Abstract: A control circuit (100) being adapted for identifying an adaptor of an electronic device includes an adaptor-side circuit (110) that is incorporated in the adaptor and a system-side circuit (120) that is incorporated in the electronic device. The adaptor-side circuit converts a high alternating voltage coming from a power source to a low direct voltage and has a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. A voltage dividing circuit (30) is connected with the positive output terminal, and has a control terminal outputting a voltage. The system-side circuit includes a switching circuit (40) connected to the positive output terminal and the control terminal. The voltage outputted by the control terminal is used to switch on the switching circuit in order to energize the electronic device via the direct current voltage outputted by the positive and negative output terminals.

Abstract: A control circuit (1) includes two input terminals (2, 3) for respectively electrically connecting with the active and neutral conductors (4, 5) of a mains power source (6). Two output terminals (7, 8) electrically connect with a load in the form of a two pin domestic electrical appliance (9). Conductors (4, 5) terminate at a domestic power outlet socket, and terminals (7, 8) are incorporated into a two pin plug for insertion into that socket. That is, terminals (7, 8) include elongate bundled conductors for extending between the outlet socket and the circuit. Appliance (9) has a conductive component, in this instance a housing (10) that, under normal operating conditions, is electrically insulated or otherwise electrically isolated from conductors (4, 5). The housing provides a reference point for circuit (1), and is electrically connected to that circuit by way of a conductor (11).

Abstract: An apparatus monitors and controls application of three phases of alternating voltage to a load by detecting the sequence of the three phases. A switch module is operated, in response to the detected sequence, to ensure that the three phases are properly applied to the load, even if the utility lines are improperly connected. The monitoring also senses loss of a phase in which case the switch module disconnects the application of electricity to the load. The apparatus is capable of being used with different loads that operate at different peak to peak levels of alternating voltage.

Abstract: A method of controlling a solid state power controller includes determining whether a voltage across a switch of the solid state power controller is within a predetermined voltage threshold. If the voltage is outside of the predetermined voltage threshold, the current is limited to a non-zero current. As result of this method a SSPC in Offstate stays off and a SSPC in Onstate stays on during lightning events.

Abstract: An algorithm for verifying the state of switches (such as in a transfer switch mechanism) and for controlling the switches. The control algorithm controls automatic actuation of the switches. The verification algorithm measures the instantaneous voltage on the source and load sides of one or both switches and calculates the RMS magnitude, period, and relative phase for each voltage measurement. If the voltage characteristics for the load do not match any of those for any source, an error is outputted. If the voltage characteristics of the sources match each other, the algorithm determines that they are synchronized. The algorithm determines which switch is closed by comparing the voltage characteristics of the load and of each source, and if there is a match, then the switch associated with the source that is matched with the load is determined to be closed. Otherwise, the switch is determined to be opened.

Abstract: This invention relates to the operation of a switching circuit, such as a bridge circuit. The invention provides a method of generating pulsed first and second switching signals for switching first and second switches of a switching circuit further comprising an output and that receives a DC signal of voltage +Vs, wherein switching of the first and second switches produces voltage pulses of +Vs, 0V and ?Vs at the output; the method comprising the steps of: receiving a voltage demand signal; and generating the first and second switching signals according to a rule that the first switching signal shall have a single pulse of a first determined width and the second switching signal shall remain in one state, the combination of the first and second switching signals producing an average voltage at the output being substantially equal to the demanded voltage.

Abstract: A single state detector circuit can quickly detect short-circuit and open-circuit abnormalities of a load controlled by a power transistor. A DC power supply, the load and the power transistor are serially connected with one another, so that a switching terminal voltage of the power transistor is binarized into high and low levels by the state detector. The power transistor is linearly controlled by a constant-current control circuit so as to suppress an excessive current, and power supplied to the power transistor is interrupted by an overheat interruption circuit. Upon occurrence of a short-circuit in the load during generation of an energization command, a switching terminal voltage of the power transistor becomes stabilized at a high level without intermittent operation, which is detected by the state detector. Upon occurrence of an open-circuit during generation of a deenergization command, a low switching terminal voltage is detected by the state detector.

Abstract: In general, the present disclosure pertains to systems and methods for providing electrical power from an alternating current (AC) power source to direct current (DC) components. A power supply system in accordance with one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure has a power supply element and a load controller, and the power supply element receives an AC signal from an AC power source. In this regard, the power supply element is directly connected to the hot wire carrying an AC signal from the AC power source. For each half cycle of the AC signal, the power supply element uses the AC signal to charge a capacitor during a small portion of the half cycle. During another portion of the same half cycle, the load controller may use the AC signal to power an AC load. During the cycle, the capacitor is discharged thereby providing DC power to various components in the system.

Abstract: It is difficult to increase consumption current of a bus-powered USB device. In order to solve this problem, a conversion cable for a DC connector and a USB connector is adopted in a USB device provided with a USB cable and a DC connector; a state in which power supply voltage is supplied to two sets of USB cables is detected; and a transistor power supply switch is turned on with a logical product thereof. An identification circuit which raises the potential of ground is incorporated in a USB conversion cable to be distinguished from an AC adaptor. When the AC adaptor is connected, the USB device operates as a self-powered USB device.

Abstract: Two step driving technique is used to turn on the power switch of a power management apparatus in such a manner that the power switch is weakly turned on first and then goes into a low ON-resistance region. The power switch is so avoided to operate at highest gate and drain voltages simultaneously even a non-uniform turn on happens, and is thereby away from avalanche breakdown. The safe operation region of the power management apparatus is therefore extended with minimum efficiency degradation.

Abstract: A switch control device receives an input signal and a power signal and includes a control unit and a switch unit. The control unit has a predetermined value and receives the input signal and the power signal. When the input signal is lower than the predetermined value, the control unit outputs a control signal. The switch unit is electrically connected with the control unit, receives the control signal, and stops outputting the power signal according to the control signal.

Abstract: A method and a device for shutting down a drive during a power outage are disclosed. The method and device include a matrix converter, several commutation capacitors on the power line side, a switch unit on the power line side and a resistor unit. During a power outage, the matrix converter is immediately disconnected from the power supply, and the resistor unit is connected to the input terminals of the matrix converter in such a way that the amplitude of a voltage applied to the resistor unit equals the amplitude of an actual capacitor voltage space vector, and the speed setpoint is set to zero. This enables a drive with a matrix converter to be shut down during a power outage by way of a pulsed resistor.

Abstract: A step voltage controlling device and method for High Intensity Discharge (HID) light dimming applications includes an autotransformer, voltage sensing block, current sensing block, pulse forming block, microprocessor control unit (MCU) block and plural three switch blocks which allows an instantaneous variation of the voltage applied to the load which is controlled to be synchronized with the load current zero crossing point.

Abstract: The process for controlling an electronic power component for piloting an opening and/or closure of this component. The piloting process includes a plurality of steps for controlling the application of a succession of different commutation voltages on a control electrode of the electronic power component between an instant when the piloting process begins and an instant when either the opening or the closure of the electronic power component is to stop. Passage from one commutation voltage to a successive commutation voltage in this piloting process is automatically effected as soon as a corresponding condition of passage is satisfied. The process further includes a step of interrupting the piloting process and immediately triggering off a process for safeguarding the integrity of the electronic power component if the component does not react to a commutation voltage within a predetermined time for the commutation voltage.

Abstract: A novel a circuit for driving a fan includes an output terminal for supplying the fan with drive power, a pulse width modulation driver, and a limiter. A first power terminal of the fan is held at a first voltage (e.g., 0V), and a second power terminal of the fan is coupled to the output terminal of the driver circuit. The PWM driver provides a series of fan drive pulses on the output terminal, and the limiter prevents the voltage on the output terminal from falling below a predetermined voltage. The predetermined voltage is greater than the first voltage at which the fan's first power terminal is held, and is sufficient to keep the fan in motion even when the duty cycle of the PWM signal is 0%. In a particular embodiment the limiter includes a voltage clamp. In a more particular embodiment, the voltage clamp is a diode. In another particular embodiment, the limiter includes a switch for combining a PWM signal with a DC voltage at an output.

Abstract: A supply switch circuit is provided for implementing a switchable on-chip high voltage supply. A stack of transistors is coupled between an on-chip high voltage supply and a circuit node. A control signal is coupled to the stack of transistors for selectively switching the high voltage supply to the circuit node. The control signal is coupled to a voltage divider included with the stack of transistors to limit a maximum node voltage within the stack of transistors.

Abstract: A system of one embodiment is disclosed that includes a load, a power supply, and a mechanism. The load is operable in a default mode and an alternate mode. The load has better performance in the default mode than in the alternate mode, and consumes less peak power in the alternate mode than in the default mode. The power supply is connectable to an external power source to provide voltage to at least the load. The mechanism causes the load to operate in the alternate mode upon detecting the voltage provided by the power supply dropping below a predetermined threshold level more than a predetermined threshold number of times.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a carrying case with an integrated power supply system for providing power to multiple electronic devices from a single power source. In addition to allowing quick access and storage of various electronic devices, the carrying case also allows the individual electronic devices to be easily connected to the power source and eliminates the need to carry multiple charging cords. In certain embodiments, the power supply system further includes an additional battery or other power source, which increases the runtime of connected electronic devices and reduces the need to carry additional individual batteries for the individual devices. With different connectors on the input to the power system, different AC or DC power sources may be utilized. Different connectors can also be used to provide power to different electronic devices.

Abstract: A method for removing a substrate that is attached to a bipolar electrostatic chuck (ESC) by application of a bipolar ESC voltage is provided which includes discontinuing the bipolar ESC voltage after processing a current substrate, and determining a monopolar component error of the processing. The method also includes correcting the monopolar component error for a subsequent substrate.

Abstract: A power supply voltage switch circuit for selecting a power supply voltage of an integrated circuit according to a first control signal. The power supply voltage switch circuit contains a high voltage selecting module for generating an output voltage according to the higher of a first and a second voltages; a level shifting module electrically connected to the high voltage selecting module to receive the output voltage as power supply, for performing level shifting to a first control signal according to the output voltage; and a selecting switch module electrically connected to the level shifting module for selectively outputting the first or the second voltage as the power supply voltage of the integrated circuit according to the level-shifted first control signal.

Abstract: A battery is charged utilizing electric power provided by a power supply line included in a cable that is in accordance with IEEE 1394. A charging apparatus and a personal computer are connected together by the cable. A power source unit in the personal computer converts AC voltage to direct voltage and supplies the DC voltage to the power supply line. The voltage is applied to a charging circuit via the power supply line, thereby charging the battery. A signal line included in the cable is used when the charging apparatus and personal computer send and receive data to and from each other.

Abstract: A solid state power controller (SSPC) (100) includes a power switching controller (30) and power switching devices (PSDs) (20A, 20B, 20C) for controlling each phase of a multiple-phase load to switch-on or -off at a zero-crossing point of a corresponding phase of a multiple-phase power source. The power switching controller (30) may include an ASIC (25A, 25B, 25C) for controlling each PSD (20A, 20B, 20C) to switch the corresponding load phase on or off. The ASIC (25A, 25B, 25C) may be configured to control the PSD (20A, 20B, 20C) to switch-on the load phase at a detected zero-crossing point of the voltage supplied by the corresponding phase of the power source, and to switch-off the load phase at a detected zero-crossing point of the load current supplied by the corresponding phase of the power source.

Abstract: In a power supply disconnection cell, a power supply connection switch is added in parallel to a protection transistor having a fixed gate. The power supply connection switch electrically connects or disconnects a plurality of power supplies according to a control signal externally input through an external control terminal. In a WLBI process, a plurality of power supplies are connected by the power supply connection switch, and therefore, a voltage is applied to other power supply pads by voltage application to a specific input terminal. After the WLBI process, the power supplies are disconnected, and electric charges produced by an abnormal voltage, such as a surge, or the like, are released by the protection transistor provided between the power supplies, whereby breakdown of a semiconductor device is prevented.

Abstract: A MOSFET based, high voltage, high current AC electronic relay includes a MOSFET switching circuit selectively switching between switch conducting and switch isolation. The relay also includes a transformer coupled to the MOSFET switching circuit, the transformer selectively applies a predetermined voltage to the MOSFET switching circuit which establishes the MOSFET switching circuit in switch conducting. In addition, a switching assembly for use in an AC power control system includes a first MOSFET switching circuit and a second MOSFET switching circuit electrically connected between a first terminal and a second terminal, an electrical conducting member positioned between the first MOSFET switching circuit and the second MOSFET switching circuit. The switching assembly also includes a third MOSFET switching circuit electrically connected between the electrical conducting member and ground.