Abstract: An energy harvesting apparatus includes: a capacitor configured to store energy generated by an energy harvesting element; and a switch connected to the capacitor and configured to switch energy supply from the capacitor to a load based on a capacitor voltage with which the capacitor is charged. An energy harvesting system includes: energy harvesting elements; energy harvesting apparatuses which are provided to respectively correspond to the energy harvesting elements; and a load as an energy supply destination connected to the energy harvesting apparatuses.

Abstract: Electricity service may be safely remotely connected to a site by a network computing device, such as an electricity meter, even when the network computing device is not accessible at the site. The network computing device may include a service switch capable of connecting electricity service to a site, a communication module capable of receiving commands to connect or disconnect electricity service, and a safety mechanism to monitor a circuit internal to the site and to prevent the service switch from connecting electricity service to the site while a potentially unsafe condition is detected.

Abstract: An electrical combination. The electrical combination comprises a battery pack configured to be interfaced with a hand held power tool, a control component, and a semiconducting switch. The transfer of power from the battery pack to the hand held power tool is controlled by the control component and the switch based on one of a battery pack state of charge and a respective state of charge of one of a plurality of battery cells. A discharge current of the battery pack is regulated based on the switch being controlled into one of a first state and a second state by the control component to selectively enable the transfer power from the plurality of battery cells to the hand held power tool.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method is disclosed that includes measuring a waveform of a power source side voltage of a circuit breaker; measuring a waveform of a transmission line side voltage of the circuit breaker; calculating a waveform of a voltage between contacts of the circuit breaker that is a difference between the waveform of the power source side voltage and the waveform of the transmission line side voltage; calculating a waveform of an absolute value of the waveform of the voltage between contacts; extracting a waveform of a component in a frequency band which is lower than a frequency of the power source and higher than a frequency of a DC component from the waveform of the absolute value; detecting a cycle of the extracted waveform; and closing the circuit breaker based on the cycle.

Abstract: A residential electric power storage system includes a lead-in wire, a distribution line, an electric power storage device, a voltage sensor sensing a voltage of the lead-in wire, a current sensor sensing a current charged to the electric power storage device through the distribution line and an electric power adjustment unit adjusting electric power charged to the electric power storage device through the distribution line; and a controller controlling the electric power adjustment unit. If the lead-in wire has voltage smaller than a threshold voltage, the controller controls the electric power adjustment unit to match the current that is charged to the electric power storage device to a command value to provide current control, whereas if the lead-in wire has voltage larger than the threshold voltage, the controller controls the electric power adjustment unit to match the voltage of the lead-in wire to a command value to provide voltage control.

Abstract: The dynamic system is part of a dynamic apparatus having at least one photovoltaic generator, at least one battery and at least one device for controlling the dynamic apparatus. The method for controlling the dynamic system on the basis of sunlight involves electrically isolating the photovoltaic generator from the battery, reading the no-load voltage of the photovoltaic generator, determining a numerical value on the basis of the no load voltage, corresponding to the no-load voltage reading, and comparing the predetermined numerical value with at least one reference threshold value. When the predetermined numerical value corresponds to a value range limited by at least one such reference threshold value the dynamic system is controlled so as to thereon confer a configuration corresponding to the value range.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide irrigation controllers comprising: a housing; a control unit including a first microcontroller configured to execute irrigation programs and a first set of code; and a removable plug-in device that removably mates with a portion of the irrigation controller and communicationally couples to the first microcontroller, wherein the plug-in device comprises a memory storing a second set of code to replace at least a portion of the first set of code, wherein the plug-in device is configured to re-flash at least a portion of the first set of code allowing a copy of the second set of code to overwrite at least the portion of the first set of code; wherein the first set of code comprises a bootloader that writes the copy of the second set of code over the first set of code with the exception of the bootloader that is not written over.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for the anti-islanding of a power conditioning system. The apparatus for the anti-islanding of a power conditioning system according to the present invention is applied to a power conditioning system including a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC inverter in order to transfer power from a solar cell array to a grid. The apparatus for the anti-islanding of a power conditioning system may include an injection signal generator generating an injection signal, an adder generating a final fundamental wave command value, a main controller performing the power control according to the final fundamental wave command value and stopping the operation of the power conditioning system when the level of the detected injection signal has reached the predetermined reference level or more, and an injection signal detector detecting the injection signal included in voltage and providing them to the main controller.

Abstract: Disclosed are various embodiments of power source redundancy in a power supply for a rack mounted computing device. The power supply includes a plurality of AC power converters configured to receive power from corresponding power sources. A first AC power converter provides DC power to a common DC bus of the power supply. A second AC power converter provides DC power to the common DC bus in response to a change in the voltage level provided by the first AC power converter.

Abstract: An electrical interface circuit is disclosed. The circuit comprises a microphone circuit (100); a battery charger circuit (200); and an electrical connector (300) for connecting said electrical interface circuit to an external device. The electrical connector has a pin (302) on which signals are multiplexed for connecting either the battery charger circuit to an external supply voltage or the microphone circuit to an external microphone. The battery charger circuit comprises an amplifying circuit (202) for controlling voltage or current to a battery (400) at battery charging and a p-type power transistor. The pin is connected to the microphone circuit and to a source of the p-type power transistor, and when a voltage applied to the pin exceeds the battery voltage, the p-type power transistor will provide current from the pin to the charger circuit, and otherwise the charger circuit and battery is disconnected from the pin. A method of multiplexing signals on the electrical interface circuit is also disclosed.

Abstract: Method for detecting a connection of a peripheral device to a communication interface of an electronic device and associated detection circuit; the communication interface comprising a voltage power line for the power supply of a peripheral device, a range of nominal operating voltage values being associated with the power line, the method being characterised in that it comprises steps of application of a nominal voltage comprised in the range of nominal operating voltage values to the power line, of withdrawal of the nominal operating voltage applied to the power line, of detection, on the power line, in the presence of a residual voltage less than a threshold value of the nominal voltage value, of a transient signal resulting from the connection of the peripheral device to the interface, and of application of the nominal voltage to the voltage power line, according to the transient signal detected.

Abstract: A method is provided for operating a static transfer switch to eliminate transformer inrush current in the presence of residual flux. The method includes: detecting an interrupt of electric power at an output terminal of the static transfer switch; controlling amplitude of voltage at the output terminal using phase fired control of one or more silicon controlled rectifiers interposed between a voltage source and the output terminal, where the amplitude of voltage is set at a value less than a peak value of the sinusoidal waveform; and increasing the amplitude of voltage at the output terminal incrementally until the amplitude reaches a peak value.

Abstract: A power supply device that switches one of a first power supply, a second power supply, and a third power supply, all of which supply power to an auxiliary device, to a transfer gate in a CMOS image sensor having a photodiode and outputs the corresponding power to the transfer gate is disclosed. The device includes: a first transistor driven by the second power supply and outputting power of the second power supply to the transfer gate; a second transistor driven by the second power supply and outputting power of the first power supply to the transfer gate; a third transistor driven by the third power supply and outputting power of the third power supply to the transfer gate; and a fourth transistor located before the second transistor, driven by the first power supply, and outputting power of the first power supply to a source of the second transistor.

Abstract: A control apparatus for controlling the power of an electrical load, in particular of an electrical domestic appliance or an assembly of an electrical domestic appliance, comprises at least one sensor for detecting a parameter of an electrical supply voltage, and a processing means for comparing a parameter which is detected by the sensor with a prespecified value, and for influencing the power of the load on the basis of the result of the comparison.

Abstract: A power management circuit adapted for a portable electronic device is provided. The portable electronic device receives a supply voltage from a USB power supplying port through a built-in USB charging port. The power management circuit includes a USB detection unit, a voltage detection unit, and a control unit. The USB detection unit determines the type of the USB power supplying port. The voltage detection unit detects the supply voltage. The control unit configures the power consumption of the portable electronic device based on the type of the USB power supplying port and the supply voltage. When the portable electronic device initiates booting process with the USB power supplying port being the Dedication Charging Port and the supply voltage being lowered than a threshold, the control unit reduces the power consumption of the portable electronic device to maintain the supply voltage above the threshold for booting stably.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first power line to supply a first voltage to a plurality of internal circuits; a second power line to supply the first voltage to the plurality of internal circuits; a first switch provided between said first power line and each of the plurality of internal circuits; a second switch provided between said second power line and each of the plurality of internal circuits; and a control circuit to control the first switch of a second internal circuit included in the plurality of the internal circuits based on the amounts of noise and voltage drop at power-on in a first circuit included in the plurality of internal circuits.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments are directed to power path switching between multiple charging ports of an electronic device. A device may include a charging port of a plurality of charging ports for coupling to a power supply via an over-voltage protection circuit. The device may further including a comparison unit configured to couple the charging port to the power supply based at least partially on a comparison between a voltage at an input of the over-voltage protection circuit coupled to the charging port with a voltage at the output of the over-voltage protection circuit coupled to the power supply.

Abstract: A circuit is provided that includes a parasitic power circuit that powers a parasitic circuit. The parasitic power circuit derives a supply voltage from an external AC or other signal suitable for use as a communications signal. A PMOS transistor or transistors is utilized to enable a supply voltage capacitor to charge substantially to the same voltage as the channel voltage of the communications signal.

Abstract: An electric hand-held power tool includes at least one electrical drive, at least one electrical device that requires electrical energy in order to operate, a shut-off delay device for the electrical drive and/or the electrical device, at least one rechargeable battery for supplying electrical energy to the drive and the electrical device and an exhaustive-discharge safeguard device. The exhaustive-discharge safeguard device specifies the delay time (?t) of the shut-off delay device as a function of the state of charge of the rechargeable battery it has determined.

Abstract: An electronic circuit includes an electronic switch having a control terminal and a load path. A monitoring circuit includes a switched-capacitor circuit with a capacitive storage element. The switched-capacitor circuit is coupled to the load path of the electronic switch. The monitoring circuit is operable to evaluate a load voltage of the electronic switch and to generate a failure signal dependent on the evaluation. A drive circuit is operable to provide a drive signal at the control terminal of the electronic switch dependent on the failure signal.

Abstract: A solid state light source driver circuit that operates in either a buck convertor or a boost convertor configuration is provided. The driver circuit includes a controller, a boost switch circuit and a buck switch circuit, each coupled to the controller, and a feedback circuit, coupled to the light source. The feedback circuit provides feedback to the controller, representing a DC output of the driver circuit. The controller controls the boost switch circuit and the buck switch circuit in response to the feedback signal, to regulate current to the light source. The controller places the driver circuit in its boost converter configuration when the DC output is less than a rectified AC voltage coupled to the driver circuit at an input node. The controller places the driver circuit in its buck converter configuration when the DC output is greater than the rectified AC voltage at the input node.

Abstract: A DC voltage supply apparatus including a voltage detection unit, an enable signal processing unit, a latch unit, a control unit and a voltage transforming unit is provided. The voltage detection unit receives and detects a DC input voltage to generate an input voltage state signal. The enable signal processing unit receives the input voltage state signal and an enable signal, and determines a state of the enable signal according to the input voltage state signal. When the enable signal is ineffective, the latch unit latches the enable signal to keep an ineffective state. The control unit receives the enable signal, and generates a control signal. When the control signal is effective, the voltage transforming unit receives the DC input voltage and transforms the DC input voltage into a DC output voltage. When the control signal is ineffective, the voltage transforming unit stops receiving the DC input voltage.

Abstract: Electronic device for the connection of two or more loads to the alternating electrical network and the executed connection procedure, allowing for the supply of such loads keeping under control inrush current value, as well as supplying the nominal current value during steady state. The device and its procedure comprise a clear solution especially designed for simultaneous charge of significant amount of electronic devices, whose charge is carried out by switching-type DC chargers. This situation is feasible for both single-phase networks of 110 VAC or 220 VAC nominal.

Abstract: Systems and devices are described herein for reducing a phantom load. The system may include a device for connection to a power source and a transformer or machine, wherein the device is configured to disconnect the transformer or machine from the power source under a predetermined load condition. The device may include a contactor, a current detector, a timer, and a controller. Portions of the current detector, timer, or controller may be implemented in a microcontroller.

Abstract: Embodiments include a power supply arrangement where major components including an off-line switched power supply are shut off when not in use. When a load is coupled to the power supply arrangement, components are enabled so as to provide power to the load.

Abstract: An electric storage apparatus includes: an electric storage device; a potential difference measuring unit for measuring a potential difference at two arbitrary points on a charging/discharging path for the electric storage device; a self-holding switch disposed between the two points on the charging/discharging path; a current measuring unit for measuring a current flowing on the charging/discharging path; a switch controller for controlling switching of the self-holding switch based on at least the state of the electric storage device; and an operational state determining unit for determining the operational state of the self-holding switch based on the control state of the switch controller and at least one of a result measured by the potential difference measuring unit and a result measured by the current measuring unit.

Abstract: A device, method, and system includes an integrated battery power controller configured to monitor a voltage difference between a first output terminal and a second output terminal; disconnect, via a switch, at least one of the first output terminal and the second output terminal from a power source if the voltage difference between the first output terminal and the second output terminal is less than a predetermined voltage threshold; and connect, via the switch, both the first output terminal and the second output terminal to the power source if the voltage difference between the first output terminal and the second output terminal is equal to or greater than the predetermined voltage threshold.

Abstract: A power-up signal generation circuit includes a first driving section configured to generate a pre-power-up signal by driving a first node to a first pull-up drivability or driving the first node to a first pull-down drivability in response to an internal voltage when not in an active mode, and a second driving section configured to generate the pre-power-up signal by driving the first node to a second pull-up drivability or driving the first node to a second pull-down drivability in response to the internal voltage in the active mode. The first pull-up drivability is larger than the second pull-up drivability, and the first pull-down drivability is smaller than the second pull-down drivability.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting a falling power line in a power transmission or distribution system are described. Electrical measurements at various points in the power distribution system are used to detect changes in a power line indicating that the conductor has broken or become disconnected. Upon detection, control mechanisms are used to deenergize the conductor while the conductor is falling and/or before it contacts the ground.

Abstract: A USB SSIC thin card device and a data transfer method thereof are provided. A first universal serial bus (USB) physical layer circuit is controlled by a USB device control unit to transmit data through a pair of first differential signal pins and a pair of a second differential signal pins, wherein the first USB physical layer circuit is used to transmit data complied with a USB 3.0 SSIC transmission specification.

Abstract: A USB multi-adapter for connecting to a USB plug of an electronic device, and a USB receptacle of a laptop computer, a desktop computer, or an electric socket, includes a device identifying module including at least one USB plug and/or at least one USB receptacle, the device identifying module being capable of identifying kind of a connected electronic device based on a voltage signal in a differential pair and communicating therewith; and a mode determining module electrically connected to the device identifying module for determining whether the connected electronic device is in a power supply mode or a communication mode so that at least one electronic device can be charged by the USB multi-adapter or a communication between the at least one electronic device can be carried out by the USB multi-adapter.

Abstract: A control circuit of a cycling switch for controlling an electronic equipment includes a switch loop, a first control loop and a second control loop. The switch loop generates a driving signal to drive the electronic equipment. The first control loop is electrically connected with the switch loop and the electronic equipment respectively, and generates a first control signal according to a variation of the driving signal. The second control loop is electrically connected with the first control loop and the electronic equipment respectively. The second control loop has a storage unit which charges and discharges according to the first control signal, so that the second control loop generates a second control signal. The second control signal is inputted to the first control loop and controls the electronic equipment. A control method applied to the control circuit of the cycling switch is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention comprises devices and methods for providing operational power to a solar-powered irrigation control system. In one aspect, a method includes producing electrical energy from light, storing the electrical energy in a capacitive module, and operating an irrigation controller using the stored electrical energy independent of another power source. In another aspect, a device includes a control system comprising a computer having a programmed irrigation schedule which operates at least one irrigation device, a photovoltaic power module, and a capacitive module connected to said photovoltaic power module to store the electrical energy provided by the photovoltaic power module, where the capacitive module provides power for the control system to operate the at least one irrigation device independent of another power source.

Abstract: In fly-back and buck-boost converters (21, 22), to reduce distortions and to increase distortion power factors, arrangements (1) are introduced for adjusting control signals generated by controllers (2) for controlling switches (3) of the converters. The arrangements (1), in response to increased/decreased amplitudes of voltage signals from voltage supplies (4) for feeding the converters, increase/decrease durations of conducting times of the switches (3). This way, unwanted losses in the grid and power generators are avoided. The converters are relatively low cost single stage converters. Preferably, the durations are substantially proportional to sums of the amplitudes of the voltage signals and design parameters. These design parameters may comprise amplitudes of other voltage signals such as output voltages. Arrangements (1) are provided for controllers (2) that can only produce fixed durations as well as for controllers (2) that can produce adaptable durations via adaptable external elements.

Abstract: A system and methods providing for minimizing the arc energy delivered to the pads of a plurality of contactors using a single control coil based on monitoring the electrical sine waves of the three alternating current electrical poles and calculating the instant to energize or deenergize a single control coil. The remainder of the contactors will make or break based on an offset in time from the making or breaking of the control contactor.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that facilitates operation of a power adapter in hiccup mode. The system includes a bleeding mechanism that reduces a hiccup time of the hiccup mode by increasing a leakage current of the power adapter. The system also includes an activation mechanism that activates the bleeding mechanism upon detecting a voltage drop associated with the hiccup mode.

Abstract: A connector device includes: a pin; a detector coupled to the pin and detects a voltage of the pin; a controller coupled to the detector and identifies that an external device is coupled to the pin on the basis of the voltage of the pin; and a switching circuit coupled to the pin and switches an output signal on the basis of a control signal output from the controller.

Abstract: A protective device for a photovoltaic system includes at least one input for connection to a photovoltaic generator and at least one output for delivery of an electric power supplied from the photovoltaic generator. The protective device includes a detection device for a signal applied via the at least one output, and is configured to provide a low level-limited voltage at the at least one output if an applied signal does not meet a predetermined criteria, and is further configured to connect the at least one output with low resistance to the at least one input via a switching device if the applied signal meets the predetermined criteria.

Abstract: An overvoltage protection circuit connected to protect electrical components from overvoltage conditions includes a blocking diode connected in series with a transient voltage suppression device (TVS) via a first node and includes a reference voltage for biasing the first node at a voltage sufficient to reverse bias the blocking diode during normal operations. A built-in test circuit associated with the overvoltage protection circuit includes a resistor connected to the first node and a switch connected in series with the resistor that is selectively turned On and Off. The built-in test circuit monitors voltage on a control line associated with the electrical components and at the first node while the switch is Off and while the switch is On, and detects fault conditions based on the monitored voltages.

Abstract: A load bypass switch enables continuous power to remote loads in the event of 1) failure of one or more remote loads, or 2) faults within the remote loads, within a dc power system. The bypass switch utilizes the passive components of the dc loads or inverters and therefore reduces overall component count. A black start method for the remote dc system uses the same passives present inside the loads/inverters and simultaneously uses some of the features of the bypass switch. A bypass-module-yard uses multiple bypass switches enabling continuous power to the remote loads in the event of failure of one or more power distribution cables (in-feed to the remote loads) located remotely in the dc system.

Abstract: A system (116, 120) for electrically limiting leakage current in a patient- connected medical device (100). The system (116, 120) includes a first set (116) of one or more switching devices (118) that selectively connect a first power output (124) of a 1-1 battery compartment (110) of the patient-connected medical device (100) with a first power input (126) of electronic components (102) of the patient-connected medical device (100) based on a first polarity of input voltage from the battery compartment (110). The system (116, 120) further includes a second set (120) of one or more switching devices (122) that selectively connect a second power output (128) of the battery compartment (110) of the patient-connected medical device(100)with a second power input (130) of the electronic components (102) based on a second polarity of the input voltage, wherein the first polarity is opposite the second polarity.

Abstract: A semiconductor device capable of simply performing power gating and a driving method thereof are provided. Power gating is started passively (automatically in the case of satisfying predetermined conditions). Specifically, the semiconductor device includes a transistor for selecting whether a power source voltage is supplied or not to a functional circuit. The power gating is started by turning off the transistor in the case where a voltage between a source and a drain is less than or equal to a predetermined voltage. Therefore, complicated operation is not needed at the time of starting power gating. Specifically, it is possible to start power gating without a process for predicting the timing at which an arithmetic operation performed in the functional circuit is terminated. As a result, it is possible to start power gating easily.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an inrush current suppression apparatus that suppresses an inrush current generated when shunt capacitors are connected to a power system, the apparatus including a voltage measurement unit measuring power source voltages, a current measurement unit measuring circuit breaker currents, a polarity determination unit determining the polarities of residual voltages, a phase section detector detecting a phase section in which the polarities of the residual voltages match the polarities of the power source voltages, and a circuit breaker closing unit closing the circuit breaker within the phase section.

Abstract: A mild hybrid system according embodiments of the invention may include: a motor-alternator; an inverter for controlling electrical energy flow to and from the motor-alternator; an electrical energy storage for storing electrical energy generated by the motor-alternator; and a unidirectional DC/DC buck converter including a bypass means for providing a physical connection between the motor-alternator and a vehicle electrical load. With the system, the manufacturing cost can be reduced, packaging process can be simplified, and an additional cooling device is not required.

Abstract: Systems and methods of voltage based switching of a power supply system current are disclosed. In one embodiment, a power supply system includes a power bus to supply electrical power to a system load. A power supply is coupled to the power bus. The power supply provides current to the power bus and generates a voltage ?. In addition, the system includes an additional power supply coupled to the power bus. The additional power supply generates a voltage ? that is lower than the voltage ?. An oring module restricts the additional power supply from providing current to the power bus, until a power bus voltage ? is greater than a threshold voltage.

Abstract: In embodiments of a dynamic impedance circuit, a power circuit of a device charges and/or powers the device when the device is connected to a power source. A dynamic impedance circuit is coupled to the power circuit of the device and to the power source. The dynamic impedance circuit can operate with low impedance, and alternatively, can operate with high impedance responsive to an increased voltage across the dynamic impedance circuit, such as when a chassis of the device is coupled to ground.

Abstract: A method an apparatus for a power switch acceleration scheme during wakeup is disclosed. In one embodiment, an integrated circuit includes at least one power gated circuit block. The power gated circuit block includes a virtual voltage node from which a voltage is provided to the circuitry of the block when active. Power switches are coupled between the virtual voltage node and a corresponding global voltage node. When the power gated circuit block is powered on, power switches are activated sequentially. The rate at which power switches are activated is increased as the voltage on the virtual voltage node increases. Sequentially activating the power switches may prevent an excess of current inrush into the power gated circuit block. The increase in the rate at which power switches are activated when the voltage on the virtual voltage node is at least at a certain level may allow for a faster wakeup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to adjustment of interconnect power levels in high-speed differential serial links. In an example embodiment, a digital signal received at a digital input port is converted in a driver into a corresponding differential signal and provided to output ports connected to a differential transmission line for provision to a receiver. For adjusting the interconnect power levels between the driver and the receiver a voltage regulator is interposed between a voltage source and the driver. The voltage regulator provides regulated supply voltage to the driver. In operation, the voltage regulator receives from control circuitry a control signal indicative of a predetermined regulated voltage for provision to the driver for a pre-selected type of data transmission. In dependence upon the received control signal the voltage regulator selects the corresponding reference voltage and provides it to the driver.

Abstract: A power switching control device and a closing control method thereof that can suppress generation of a transient voltage or current that is possibly caused by a variation in a load-side voltage after interrupting a current are obtained. A circuit-breaker-gap-voltage estimate value at and after a present time is calculated based on a power-supply-side voltage estimate value and a load-side voltage estimate value at and after the present time, a target closing-time domain from a closing controllable time to a closing control limit time in which a circuit breaker can be closed at a timing when an absolute value of the circuit-breaker-gap-voltage estimate value falls within a preset allowable range is calculated based on this circuit-breaker-gap-voltage estimate value, and the closing controllable time is delayed by a preset delay time in a case of a subsequent closing phase of a second or later closing phase.

Abstract: Provided is a drive control device capable of surely detecting, by a monitoring/controlling unit, an abnormality of a short circuit and a disconnection in a power supply circuit to an electric load, and of decreasing a load required for a quick response imposed on the monitoring/controlling unit. A switching element is controlled to open/close by a control output signal generated by a monitoring/controlling unit, and a determination storing circuit determines whether circuit opening and circuit closing have been correctly carried out and stores a result of the determination, and periodically reports to the monitoring/controlling unit. While the stored content of the determination is periodically reset, the determination operation is updated and continues. The monitoring/controlling unit does not need to immediately monitor the determination storing signal when the open/closing command is generated.