Abstract: A cascaded H-bridge (CHB) inverter for higher rated power conditioning systems which operates at medium voltages while providing high power quality and low dv/dt. By incorporating battery energy storage, the power conditioning system operates at night to provide power to a load or grid and stabilizes the system during sudden changes in climatic conditions. Various energy storage system (ESS) configurations such as AC side coupled ESS, dual active bridge based ESS, and chopper based ESS configurations for cascaded H-bridge inverters are described. A comparison of these configurations on the basis of cost, control complexity, controller hardware requirements was performed and the advantages of chopper based ESS configurations over other ESS configurations was demonstrated. A control algorithm for the chopper based configurations was developed to operate the system in standalone and grid-connected modes of operation.

Abstract: A cycle is divided into a first period and a second period. The first period is longer than the second period. Two sections in which a unit voltage vector is adopted in the first period are adopted as a first section and a second section. A first measured value of a link voltage is measured at a midpoint of the first section and a second measured value of the link voltage is measured at a midpoint of the second section. Then, a representative value of the link voltage in a cycle including the first period is obtained by interpolation of the first measured value and the second measured value. A maximum value of the link voltage is obtained by dividing the representative value by cos ?.

Abstract: A bicycle electrical system is provided with a first electric component, a second electric component, and a third electric component. The first electric component includes a first electric power line communication section. The second electric component includes a second electric power line communication section. The third electric component includes a third electric power line communication section. The first and second electric power line communication sections are connected with a first electric power line such that the first and second electric power line communication sections conduct communications via the first electric power line. The second and third electric power line communication sections are connected with a second electric power line such that the second and third electric power line communication sections conduct communications via the second electric power line.

Abstract: A modular stacked DC architecture for traction system includes a propulsion system includes an electric drive, a direct current (DC) link electrically coupled to the electric drive, and a first DC-DC converter coupled to the DC link. A first energy storage device (ESD) is electrically coupled to the first DC-DC converter, and a second DC-DC converter is coupled to the DC link and to the first DC-DC converter. The system also includes a second energy storage device electrically coupled to the second DC-DC converter and a controller coupled to the first and second DC-DC converters and configured to control a transfer of energy between the first ESD and the DC link via the first and second DC-DC converters.

Abstract: A VSC converter includes in each valve one first semiconductor device of turn-off type with a voltage blocking capacity rating of a first, high level and connected in parallel therewith a series connection of a plurality of second semiconductor devices of turn-off type with a voltage blocking capacity rating of a second, lower level. A control arrangement of the converter is configured to switch a said valve into a conducting state starting from a forward biased blocking state of the valve by controlling the second semiconductor devices to be turned on and then the first semiconductor devices to be turned on with a delay, and at the end of the conducting state to turn off the first semiconductor device in advance of turning the second semiconductor devices off.

Abstract: A voltage adjustment system includes a power supply for providing an initial voltage signal, a plurality of buck converters for receiving the initial voltage signal and generating one adjustable output voltage signal respectively, a microcontroller for determining one adjustable output voltage signal to output and determining whether a variable voltage signal generated by a buck converter that outputs the adjustable output voltage signal is positive or negative, a display unit for displaying value of the adjustable output voltage signal that is outputted, a plurality of voltage control units corresponding to the plurality of buck converters, and a voltage variation adjustment circuit including two buttons. The variable voltage signal is added to the adjustable output voltage signal generated by the same buck converter. Selection of the two buttons causes the microcontroller to adjust absolute value of the variable voltage signal generated by the buck converter through the corresponding voltage control unit.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a DC-link, a voltage converter, a bus voltage controller, and a supervisory controller. The voltage converter is configured to convert a first DC voltage into a second DC voltage based on a command signal and based on an adjustment signal and to supply the second DC voltage to the DC-link. The bus voltage controller is configured to iterate calculation of the adjustment signal to communicate each iterated calculation of the adjustment signal to the voltage converter. The supervisory controller is configured to iterate calculation of the command signal and to communicate each iterated calculation of the command signal to the voltage converter and to the bus voltage controller. A frequency of the bus voltage controller to communicate each iterated calculation of the adjustment signal is higher than a frequency of the supervisory controller to communicate each iterated calculation of the command signal.

Abstract: A dc power source for a high voltage power apparatus, the dc power source including one or more strings including a plurality of dc power source units connected in series, and switches configured to connect and disconnect said strings. The switches are solid-state switches distributed among the power source units of each string, and all solid-state switches in the string are arranged so that they are turned on and off simultaneously. Each switch is connected in parallel with a first controllable semiconductor in a first direction and connected in parallel with a second controllable semiconductor in a second direction which is opposite to the first direction, and the dc power source includes a control unit configured to bypass a failed switch by triggering the forward biased of the first or second controllable semiconductor connected to the failed switch in case a fault in the switch is detected.

Abstract: A power line communication device achieving suppression of electric power consumption is provided. Processing performed by a CPU of a PLC adapter includes the steps of sensing that a time to cut off electric power supply has come (S610), generating a message notifying that electric power supply will be cut off (S620), transmitting the message to equipment connected to the PLC adapter (S630), and emitting a command to cut off electric power supply to an RJ45 connector to a power feed circuit (S680) when a confirmation signal with regard to cut-off of electric power supply is received from the equipment (YES in step S640) and when cut-off OK is indicated (YES in step S650).

Abstract: A remote starter system for a vehicle having an electronic ignition module connected to vehicle controller modules by a serial data interface. The electronic ignition module is capable of receiving at least one keycode from a cryptographic controller vehicle key for verification before changing the state of at least one vehicle controller module. The remote starter system is defined in one embodiment to include a remote starter module having at least a memory for storing at least one keycode and having the ability to send the at least one keycode for verification and the ability to request modification of a state of at least one vehicle controller module. Wherein when the at least one keycode is verified, the state of at least one vehicle controller module is modified as requested by the remote starter module.

Abstract: A system and method for managing a 4 leg transformerless Uninterrupted Power Supply is disclosed. The system comprises a 3 leg inverter modulation signal generator that applies signals to a modulation circuit that generates a 4th leg modulation signal based on the applied 3 leg inverter modulation signal characteristics. The determined 4th modulation signal modifies the 3 leg inverter modulation signals and rectifier modulation signals, which are applied to corresponding inverter and rectifier sections of an Uninterruptible Power Supply.

Abstract: A technique for operating a device at multiple different power levels dependent upon the amount of power received involves sensing the amount of power received and turning on circuit components or system functionality if power is adequate. A device constructed according to the technique should have the ability to detect at least two different, non-zero, power levels and turn on circuits or system functionality to the extent that sufficient power is detected.

Abstract: A reserve power system for a commercial AC load provides DC power to the load when the primary power fails by providing direct current voltage power from a DC power source which enables the load to continue to operate in a normal fashion. A power system supplying commercial AC derived power to a load provides backup power by coupling DC power to the load when the primary AC power fails. AC power is supplied to a primary winding of a power transformer which also has a secondary winding side. A cable is connected, at a first end, to the secondary winding side and at a second end to a load powered by a commercial AC voltage. A battery DC voltage source and a battery charger are connected to the secondary winding side of the power transformer. The battery charger maintains the integrity of the reserve power. A voltage monitoring circuit connected to the power transformer detects a primary power failure and activates switching circuitry for connecting the DC voltage source directly to the load.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter for outputting dc voltage whose peak value is higher than an input dc voltage value and high-frequency voltage corresponding to a command value is superimposed. An insulated switching power supply 27 and a series regulator 26 are connected in parallel to a dc power supply 1. The insulated switching power supply 27 generates output voltage V.sub.2 having a certain level, and the series regulator 26, output voltage V.sub.1 whose voltage varies depending on a command value (command voltage varying at a high frequency). Then, the sum of the output voltages V.sub.1 and V.sub.2 is fed to the load 9.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for converting a three phase input into a constant voltage to a load, which voltage is substantially free of harmonics and ripples includes dividing the voltage to the load into two component voltages, with one component voltage comprising at least 80% of the total. The one component voltage is maintained constant and load independent. The voltage to the load is compared to a first reference voltage to obtain the difference therebetween and the value of the other component voltage is adjusted to minimize the difference. The two component voltages are added to form the voltage to the load.