Abstract: An apparatus is provided which comprises: a ferromagnetic (FM) region with magnetostrictive (MS) property; a piezo-electric (PZe) region adjacent to the FM region; and a magnetoelectric region adjacent to the FM region. An apparatus is provided which comprises: a FM region with MS property; a PZe region adjacent to the FM region; and a magnetoelectric region, wherein the FM region is at least partially adjacent to the magnetoelectric region. An apparatus is provided which comprises: a FM region with MS property; a PZe region adjacent to the FM region; a magnetoelectric region being adjacent to the FM and PZe regions; a first electrode adjacent to the FM and PZe regions; a second electrode adjacent to the magnetoelectric region; a spin orbit coupling (SOC) region adjacent to the magnetoelectric region; and a third electrode adjacent to the SOC region.

Abstract: A power generation element uses an inverse magnetostrictive effect and includes: a frame yoke made of a magnetic material and having a bent part for forming a closed magnetic circuit, a magnetic part formed in a part of the frame yoke, a magnetostrictive plate made of a magnetostrictive material, a coil, and magnets. The magnetic part has rigidity and geometry for applying a uniform compressive force or tensile force to the magnetostrictive plate and is magnetically saturated by magnetic biases of the magnets. The magnetostrictive plate is attached to the frame yoke so as to be parallel to the magnetic part. The coil is wound around a parallel beam part including the magnetostrictive plate and the magnetic part and/or around the frame yoke. An application of an external force causes the magnetostrictive plate to be extended and compressed and causes the generation of electricity.

Abstract: Amplifier architecture that allows low-cost class-D audio amplifiers to be compatible with ultrasonic signals, as well as loads presented by thin-film ultrasonic transducers. The amplifier architecture replaces the traditional capacitor used as an output filter in the class-D amplifier with the natural capacitance of the ultrasonic transducer load, and employs relative impedance magnitudes to create an under-damped low-pass filter that boosts voltage in the ultrasonic frequency band of interest. The amplifier architecture includes a secondary feedback loop to ensure that correct output voltage levels are provided.

Abstract: A calibration apparatus is configured to calibrate a magnetostrictive sensor. The magnetostrictive sensor is configured to measure an object and comprises a sensing element positioned adjacent to the object. The calibration apparatus comprises an estimation device and a calibrator. The estimation device is configured to estimate at least one of a gap between the sensing element and the object and a temperature of the object to obtain at least one of an estimated gap and an estimated temperature, based on geometric information, an excitation signal and an output signal of the magnetostrictive sensor, and geometric information of the object. The calibrator is configured to reduce an effect on the output signal of the magnetostrictive sensor imposed by variations in the at least one of the gap and the temperature, based on the at least one of the estimated gap and the estimated temperature, to obtain a calibrated output signal.

Abstract: The invention relates to non-Joulian magnetostriction (NJM) materials comprising transition metals, such as iron alloy magnets with non-Joulian magnetostriction (NJM). The invention also relates to reversibly linear non-dissipative transition metals magnets. The materials are capable of simultaneously large actuation in longitudinal and transverse directions, without simultaneous heat loss. The invention relates as well to methods of making non-Joulian magnetostriction (NJM) materials.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving transmission directivity according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a phased array probe including a channel 1 transducer and a channel 2 transducer which are arranged at intervals corresponding to a quarter wavelength at a center frequency of a guided wave pulse for long-range ultrasonic testing, and a drive unit which supplies electric pulses with opposite phases to the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer of the channel 1 transducer and the channel 2 transducer, which is disposed on the front end on the basis of an intended transmission direction, is driven with delay by a time corresponding to a quarter frequency of the center frequency than the other transducer disposed on the rear end.

Abstract: A mobile capsule device 10 comprises a long capsule body 11 having a permanent magnet 13 movable in the lengthwise direction with respect to the long capsule body and a coil for driving the permanent magnet 13, while a propulsion force is generated entirely by applying an alternate current to the coil and performing back and forth movements of the permanent magnet 13. The coil has first and second coil parts 15 and 16 arranged circumferentially in front and back of the permanent magnet 13, and a frequency of an alternate current applied to the first and second coil parts 15 and 16 is made to accord with a resonance frequency of the capsule device 10 generated by a back and forth vibration of the permanent magnet 13. Thereby, a self-propelled, mobile capsule device 10 which is downsized, compact and efficient and a control method thereof can be provided.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a body assembly, an acoustic waveguide, an ultrasonic blade, and a liquid dispensing feature. The ultrasonic blade is positioned distally relative to the body assembly. The ultrasonic blade is in acoustic communication with the acoustic waveguide. The liquid dispensing feature is positioned distally relative to the body assembly. The liquid dispensing feature is positioned adjacent to the ultrasonic blade. The liquid dispensing feature is configured to deliver a flow of cooling liquid to the ultrasonic blade.

Abstract: The pump unit comprises a pump including a piezoelectric element and a discharge mechanism for discharging fluid according to operation of the piezoelectric element, and a valve mechanism attached to the pump. The discharge mechanism and the valve mechanism are separately formed by joining a plurality of metal layer pieces stacked in a predetermined stacking direction by diffusion welding, and are secured to each other by diffusion welding.

Abstract: A liquid feeder mounted on a treatment instrument, includes: a main tube that is arranged along a long member of the treatment instrument in which a longitudinal axis is defined and that is configured to flow a liquid to an outer circumference of the long member; a connection section that is arranged on a proximal end side of the main tube along the longitudinal axis and that is configured to connect an interior of the main tube and an interior of a liquid feed channel from a liquid source; and a fixing section that is arranged in the connection section and that is configured to fix the connection section to a handle unit arranged at a proximal end of the long member and grasped by a user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an actuator based on a magnetic shape memory alloy (MSMA), a new family of crystalline materials which exhibit strain deformation >10% when subjected to a magnetic field. Electromagnetic fields can be applied with very short response times, making MSMA-based actuators kHz capable. These materials have the unique property of retaining their strained state when the driving field is removed, making them unique in the world of shape memory materials, and desirable as an actuator material as they will maintain position when powered off.

Abstract: Provided is a power generator 1. The power generator includes two magnetostrictive rods 2 arranged side by side and formed on a magnetostrictive material, coils 3 respectively wound around the magnetostrictive rods 2 and a beam member 73 having a function of generating stress in the two magnetostrictive rods 2. The power generator 1 is configured so that elastic energy stored in the beam member 73 is larger than elastic energy stored in each of the magnetostrictive rods 2 when tip end portions of the two magnetostrictive rods 2 and the beam member 73 are displaced with respect to base end portions of the two magnetostrictive rods 2 and the beam member 73 to deform the two magnetostrictive rods 2 and the beam member 73.

Abstract: A stator magnetic core and manufacturing process thereof and brushless motor comprising the stator magnetic core, wherein the stator magnetic core is made of iron-based amorphous material containing Co and V, and the composition of the iron-based amorphous material by weight percentage is: Co 0.8-1.4%, V 0.6-1.2%, B 2.7-3.3%, Si 6.5-8%, and Fe for the rest. A brushless DC motor, comprising a rotor spindle, a front end cover, a housing, a stator magnetic core and a rear end cover, wherein the stator magnetic core is assembled inside the housing, a stator coil is disposed inside the stator magnetic core, and the stator magnetic core and the stator core don't contact each other and an insulating layer is formed between them. The stator magnetic core in the present invention is made of iron-based amorphous material containing Co and V. Through addition of Co and V elements, the stator magnetic core refines crystalline grain and raises material toughness.

Abstract: A sensor is configured to detect a tensile, compressive and/or bending forces acting on a carrier (1, 1?) of the sensor. The carrier (1,1?) has at least one planar magnetizable surface (2). The sensor (13) comprises at least two sensor coils (12, 15) which are arranged at a predetermined angle to a longitudinal axis (14) of the carrier (1, 1?). The sensor (13) may be positioned on either side of the carrier (1, 1?). The sensor (13) is capable of detecting changes of the magnetisation due to tensile, compressive and/or bending forces acting on the carrier (1, 1?).

Abstract: An ultrasonic surgical probe has an elongate shaft and a probe head that is enlarged to extend laterally or transversely in two opposed directions relative to the shaft The head is formed with a recess or cavity facing laterally in a third direction relative to the shaft and the axis. Where the head lies in a plane, owing to its lateral enlargement or extension, the recess or cavity faces in a direction perpendicular to that plane. The recess or cavity is defined in part by an inclined floor or base surface contiguous at a proximal end with the shaft. The recess or cavity is defined in part by a peripheral wall extending only partway around the recess or cavity, along a distal side and two lateral sides thereof. The cavity or recess is closed on a proximal side by the inclined surface and the shaft.

Abstract: An energy harvesting device for generating electrical power from low-frequency oscillations includes a high-frequency cantilever, a plurality of low-frequency cantilevers each configured to contact the high-frequency cantilever in response to environmental vibrations having a frequency within a near-resonance frequency range associated with said low-frequency cantilever, an a generator that produces electrical power in response to contact between at least one of the plurality of low-frequency cantilevers and the high-frequency cantilever. The energy harvesting device may also include an impact mass coupled to a free end of each of the plurality of low-frequency cantilevers. Some aspects may include a common base to which the high-frequency cantilever and the plurality of low-frequency cantilevers are coupled. Other aspects may include the generator comprising one or more of an induction coil and magnet, a variable distance capacitor, or a piezo-electric material.

Abstract: An actuator device having an expansion unit, which has a magnetic shape memory alloy material (MSM), is configured to interact with a preferably non-magnetic ram unit and executes an expansion movement in an actuating direction as a reaction to an introduced magnetic flow, the expansion unit being oriented towards the ram unit along a longitudinal axis defined by the expansion direction, and being intended to exert an actuating force on said ram unit, wherein the ram unit is guided on the casing side in an associated housing section of the actuator unit, wherein an end section of the expansion unit and/or end section of the ram unit, the end section being realized in a transition region between the expansion unit and the ram unit, is configured such that, at least during the exertion of the actuating force along the longitudinal axis, an overlap that effects a form- and/or force-fit transversely to the longitudinal axis arises in the transition region.

Abstract: A low-cost magnetostrictive torque sensor having a high sensitivity is obtained. A torque sensor 10 includes a substrate 12, a magnetostrictive portion 26, a magnetostrictive portion 28, a detection coil 18a, a detection coil 18b, a detection circuit 48, and a detection circuit 50. The substrate 12 has a tubular shape. Each of the magnetostrictive portions 26 and 28 is constituted by a plating film and disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate 12. The detection coil 18a generates a magnetic flux passing through the magnetostrictive portion 26. The detection coil 18b generates a magnetic flux passing through the magnetostrictive portion 28. Each of the detection circuits 48 and 50 detects a potential between the detection coil 18a and the detection coil 18b.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element includes a first piezoelectric layer which has a first polarization axis direction in a thickness direction of the first piezoelectric layer and is made of AlN. A second piezoelectric layer made of GeAlN which is deposited on the first piezoelectric layer and has a second polarization axis direction opposite to the first polarization axis direction. A first electrode is provided on a side of the first piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the second piezoelectric layer is disposed. A second electrode provided on a side of the second piezoelectric layer which is opposite from a side where the first piezoelectric layer is disposed.

Abstract: A power generating apparatus includes a power generating element, a lever mechanism including a force point, a support point, and an action point, a first magnetic body disposed on the lever mechanism, and a second magnetic body having magnetic characteristics of being attracted to the first magnetic body. Upon the lever mechanism being pressed, the action point applies a load to the power generating portion and the first magnetic body approaches the second magnetic body while being attracted to the second magnetic body.

Abstract: An engine control unit includes an extracting portion acquiring a sound or vibration of an engine from external and extracting vibration components of frequency bands each of which including a resonant frequency of a vibration mode, a waveform synthesis portion synthesizing the vibration components extracted by the extracting portion to generate a synthesis vibration waveform, a calculation portion calculating a time average value by averaging the synthesis vibration waveform in a predetermined time, a peak detection portion detecting a peak strength of the vibration component of the frequency band including a lowest resonant frequency, a storage portion previously storing a first threshold and a second threshold, and a determination portion determining an existence of a knocking and whether a knock level is a first knock level or a second knock level, by comparing the time average value with the first threshold and comparing the peak strength with the second threshold.

Abstract: An electric generator includes a first magnet, a second magnet, and a first electric conductor. The first magnet may include a first surface. The second magnet may include a second surface having a same polarity as the first surface of the first magnet, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are oriented such the first surface of the first magnet is opposite of the second surface of the second magnet. The first electric conductor may be positioned in a space between the first surface of the first magnet and the second surface of the second magnet such that the electric generator provides an electric current as a result of a movement of the second magnet relative to the first magnet.

Abstract: A power generator 1 includes a magnetostrictive rod 2 through which lines of magnetic force pass in an axial direction thereof, a beam member 73 having a function of generating stress in the magnetostrictive rod 2, and a coil 3 arranged so that the lines of magnetic force pass inside the coil 3 in an axial direction of the coil 3. The beam member 73 is arranged along the magnetostrictive rod 2 and configured to allow one end portion and the other end portion of the magnetostrictive rod 2 to approach to each other to generate compressive stress in the magnetostrictive rod 2. Further, in the power generator 1, it is preferable that a gap between the beam member 73 and the magnetostrictive rod 2 on the side of the one end portion of the magnetostrictive rod 2 is larger than a gap between the beam member 73 and the magnetostrictive rod 2 on the side of the other one end portion of the magnetostrictive rod 2 in a side view.

Abstract: Disclosed is a tool system including a drive for driving a tool holder including an electromagnetic generator for generating electrical energy from inertial energy of the tool holder. The tool holder may be driven in rotation, wherein the electromagnetic generator comprises a rotor part, which is rotatably mounted on the tool holder, and a stator part on the tool holder cooperating with each other for generating a voltage by electromagnetic induction. Alternatively, an axially movable inertial mass can be used for utilization of an oscillating linear movement.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive sensor capable of obtaining both enhanced productivity and reduced variations in outputs can be obtained. A torque sensor includes a substrate and a plating film disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the substrate. The substrate includes a plating portion, masking portions, and tilt portions and. An outer peripheral surface of the plating portion is a surface parallel to a shaft center of the substrate in a side cross-sectional view. Outer peripheral surfaces of the tilt portions are slopes tilted relative to the shaft center in the side cross-sectional view. The plating film is formed on a plating surface and slopes in such a manner that end portions in the axial direction are located on the slopes. The plating film on the slopes has a thickness smaller than the thickness of the plating film on the plating surface.

Abstract: A system may include an actuation member having a first end and a second end. A length of the actuation member is greater than a width of the actuation member. The length extends from the first end to the second end along a longitudinal axis when the actuation member is undeformed. The actuation member may include a magnetic shape memory alloy. The system may further include an anchor retaining the first end of the actuation member. The second end of the actuation member may be free to move laterally to the longitudinal axis in response to a deformation of the actuation member. The system may also include a magnetic field source in proximity to the actuation member. The magnetic field source may be configurable to alter a magnetic field applied to the actuation member to adjust the extent of deformation of the actuation member.

Abstract: Acoustic particle metamaterials in Smart Proppants reflect sound waves at distinct frequency ranges when receiving sounds from an above ground or in-ground source. Sound receivers at separated locations receive the reflected sound waves at distinct times, providing information on location of the Smart Proppants, which are mixed with conventional proppants. The Smart Proppants prevent transmission of waves at precise ranges of frequencies and reflect those waves.

Abstract: A power generation element of inverse magnetostrictive type has: a first power generation part including a first magnetostrictive rod made of magnetostrictive material, a first coil wound around the first magnetostrictive rod, and a first magnetic rod having appropriate rigidity and a shape to apply a uniform compressive force or tensile force to the first magnetostrictive rod and being placed in parallel with the first magnetostrictive rod; a frame made of magnetic material bent in a substantially U shape, whose one end and other end across the bent location constitute a fixed end and free end, respectively; and a magnet. The power generation element can suppress the loss of kinetic energy while vibrating so that vibration will last long. The power generation element can be used in an actuator.

Abstract: A surgical handpiece has a connecting body with a distal end and a work tip with a hub at a proximal end. The hub is detachably connected to the connecting body by a threaded connector. The work tip has an open operating end at a distal end. This opening leads an axial channel extending through the work tip from the operating end to the hub. A radial channel extends from the axial channel in the hub to the external surface of the hub. A sleeve surrounds and is spaced from the hub. This sleeve extends to the vicinity of the operating end of the work tip, and has a first external connector in the region of the radial channel of the hub. The sleeve also has a second external connector. A seal is provided for establishing a fluid connection between the radial channel of the hub and the second external connector of the sleeve. The first external connector of the sleeve is in fluid connection with an irrigation channel between the inner surface of the sleeve and the external surface of the work tip.

Abstract: A die tool and process are described that provide friction consolidation fabrication and friction consolidation extrusion fabrication products including permanent magnets, and other extrusion and non-extrusion structures. The present invention overcomes previous particle size, texture, homogeneity and density limitations in conventional metallurgy processes.

Abstract: A method for controlled peening includes forming a surface layer on a workpiece by impacting a surface with a tool wherein the tool is under control to form compressive residual stresses in the surface layer. A system for peening a workpiece includes a tool configured to vibrate and an effector operatively connected to control the tool. The tool includes a peening surface. The tool is configured to cause controlled impact between the peening surface and a surface of a workpiece to form a surface layer of the workpiece with compressive residual stresses. The effector is configured to move the tool in multiple axes.

Abstract: Disclosed is a smart soft composite actuator which enables user-desiring deformation by changing the position of smart material functioning as an active component, wherein the smart soft composite actuator comprises a smart material whose shape is changeable based on an external signal; and a matrix for supporting the smart material and determining an external shape, wherein the smart material is positioned inside the matrix or in a surface of the matrix, and at least one of in-plane shear deformation and out-of-plane deformation is realized by controlling the position of smart material.

Abstract: An apparatus and a handheld electrical tool system comprising an insert receivable in an ultrasonic handpiece comprising a primary coil disposed about a well and electrically connected to a primary current supply, the insert comprising a secondary coil disposed about at least a portion of the insert dimensioned and arranged to be disposable within the well such that the secondary coil is inductively coupled to the primary coil, the secondary coil in electrical communication with at least one electrical device powered by the secondary coil. A method of operating a handpiece and of retrofitting a handpiece is also disclosed.

Abstract: A compact magnetic-based battery device that offers energy, a large number of cycles, a long storage time, and a short charging time is provided. The rechargeable battery device can include a first magnetic layer, a second magnetic layer, a dielectric layer disposed between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer, and a plurality of high anisotropic magnetic nanoparticles embedded into the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Ultrasound catheter devices and methods provide enhanced disruption of blood vessel obstructions. Generally, an ultrasound catheter device includes an elongate flexible catheter body with one or more lumens, an ultrasound transmission member extending longitudinally through the catheter body lumen and a distal head coupled with the transmission member and positioned adjacent the distal end of the catheter body for disrupting occlusions. A proximal housing of the catheter device may include one or more features for dissipating heat from the ultrasound transmission wire, such as a fluid inlet aperture for passage of fluid, use of heat conductive materials in the proximal housing, surface features to increase the housing's surface area, heat conductive members disposed adjacent the transmission member and the like. Various irrigation fluids may be used, such as cooled, oxygen supersaturated or lubricious fluids.

Abstract: A piezoelectric actuator with integrated features to provide coarse position adjustment of a pushing threaded rod and also mechanically amplified piezo motion for fine position adjustment is presented here in three design variants. The mechanical amplifier houses one or more piezo stacks in longitudinal axis with preload to translate an amplified motion in the order of a few times in the transverse axis, perpendicular to the piezo stack motion. The piezo amplifier output travel is transmitted to the threaded rod with a ball at the end to push a desired surface for position adjustments and motion translation in application such as a mirror mount.

Abstract: A high frequency magnetostrictive transducer includes a magnetostrictive rod or wire inserted co-axially into a driving coil, wherein the driving coil includes a coil arrangement with a plurality of small coil segments along the magnetostrictive rod or wire; wherein frequency operation of the high frequency magnetostrictive transducer is controlled by a length of the small coil segments and a material type of the magnetostrictive rod or wire. This design of the high frequency magnetostrictive transducer retains the beneficial aspects of the magnetostrictive design, while reducing its primary drawback, lower frequency operation.

Abstract: A unibody magnetic structure having layers of variably magnetized material is disclosed. The unibody magnetic structure can be formed by way of additive manufacturing, such as by a stereolithographic (SLA) process or a selective laser sintering (SLS) process. The SLA process can involve forming the structure from a molten pool of polymer material, with the material having a magnetic component dissolved therein. The SLS process can involve sintering the structure from a powder having a magnetic component. As each layer is formed, the layer can be selectively magnetized with a given polarity and strength. The magnetization of each formed layer can vary, such that the final structure comprises numerous layers having different shapes and sizes, as well as different levels and polarities of magnetization.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a fuel injector including a magnetostrictive actuator that is capable of precise control of a needle or nozzle valve element. The magnetostrictive actuator is direct-acting on the nozzle valve element, which extends into the magnetostrictive actuator, providing a compact fuel injector configuration that may provide rate-shaping of a fuel injection event.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus based on metamaterial structures provided for antenna and transmission line devices, including single-layer metallization and via-less metamaterial structures.

Abstract: An actuator device having an expansion unit (10), which comprises a magnetically active shape memory alloy material (12) and which carries out an expansion movement from a starting position along an expansion direction as a reaction to an energization of a coil device (30) and interacts with restoring means which exert on the expansion unit (10) a restoring force opposite to the expansion direction, wherein the restoring force has permanent magnets which act or are seated on a section of the expansion unit (10) such that the restoring force generated magnetically by the permanent magnets changes with increasing expansion stroke in the expansion direction, wherein the permanent magnets (16, 34, 40, 52, 54) are embodied and/or designed such that the expansion unit (10) can contract into the starting position along the expansion stroke when the coil device (30) is not energized.

Abstract: An electrically-adjustable tool holder precisely movable in a straight line within a magnetic field under electrical stimulation includes a handle body, a connecting member, and a driving member. The connecting member has a first end securely coupled to an end of the handle body, a second end opposite to the first end, and defines a through hole passing through the first end and the second end. The driving member includes a magnet securely received in the through hole, and an electrical electric coil movably received in the magnet. The electric coil is configured to be securely coupled to the tool, and moves the tool up or down along the central axis of the handle body.

Abstract: A large surface area ultrasonic block horn includes one or more shaped elements having a node at a mid-point of the shaped element that is narrower than opposed ends of the shaped element.

Abstract: A railroad vehicle monitoring system installed on a railroad vehicle includes: wireless sensor devices installed at attached equipment of the railroad vehicle, including a sensor that senses statuses of the attached equipment, configured to wirelessly transmit a sensing value sensed by the sensor in real time, and including an energy harvester configured to convert energy generated by running of the railroad vehicle into electric energy, and supply the electric energy as a power source for the sensor, a signal process in the sensing value, and wireless communication of the sensing value; sink node devices configured to wirelessly receive the sensing value and output, in real time, railroad vehicle status information obtained by integrating the received sensing value; and a vehicle status monitoring device configured to receive the railroad vehicle status information, integrate and manage the railroad vehicle status information, and output the integrated railroad vehicle status information in real time.

Abstract: This invention pertains to piezoelectric actuators made of single crystal active elements which not only exhibit uniform and superior displacement in the axial direction but also of lower cost to produce than full single crystal ring or tube actuators. Said multi-stake actuator is made up of multiple longitudinal (d33) or transverse (d3i or d32) mode piezoelectric single crystal active elements, bonded together by epoxy with the aid of shaped edge- and top and bottom washer-stiffeners which are configured to suit various application needs.

Abstract: A device generates electrical energy from mechanical motion in a downhole environment. The device includes a magnetostrictive element and an electrically conductive coil. The magnetostrictive element has a first end and a second end. The first and second ends are coupled between two connectors. The magnetostrictive element is configured to experience axial strain in response to radial movement of at least one of the connectors relative to the other connector. The electrically conductive coil is disposed in proximity to the magnetostrictive element. The coil is configured to generate an electrical current in response to a change in flux density of the magnetostrictive element.

Abstract: A device generates electrical energy from mechanical motion in a downhole environment. The device includes a magnetostrictive element and an electrically conductive coil. The magnetostrictive element has a first end and a second end. The first and second ends are coupled between a rotor and a bearing. The magnetostrictive element is configured to experience axial strain in response to radial movement of at least one of the rotor or the bearing with reference to the other. The electrically conductive coil is disposed in proximity to the magnetostrictive element. The coil is configured to generate an electrical current in response to a change in flux density of the magnetostrictive element.

Abstract: An alternating magnetic field sensing device comprises at least one magnet and at least one force-electricity converting module. The magnet is mechanically connected to the force-electricity converting module and converts a magnetic signal received in an alternating magnetic field to mechanical force and transmits the mechanical force to the force-electricity converting module. The force-electricity converting module converts the mechanical force provided by the magnet to an electrical signal.

Abstract: A method for controlling a magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer of the type used in a magnetostrictive ultrasonic dental scaler includes generating a drive signal for a resonant circuit using a full bridge synchronous class D amplifier. The electrical signal output by the resonant circuit drives an excitation coil that generates an electromagnetic field that causes the magnetostrictive ultrasonic transducer to vibrate. A feedback wire is rendered unnecessary by measuring current and voltage outputs of the resonant circuit and quadrature sampling the measured current and voltage outputs at the same sampling rate as used for the generation of the electrical signal by the resonant circuit. A pulse width modulated signal is generated from the quadrature sampled sensed current and voltage that represents a pulse train approximation of a sine wave of the drive signal for, in turn, being applied to the full bridge synchronous class D amplifier to generate the drive signal for the resonant circuit.

Abstract: A power generation device includes: first and second beams which are arranged to face each other and are bent by vibration; and a coil wound around the first and second beams. Each of the first and second beams includes: a beam body; and a stress relaxation layer made of a material different from a material of the beam body and partially covering the surface of the beam body.