Abstract: A lamination type of magnetostrictor incorporated with a mass of plural plates of amorphous metal alloy material laminated by means of a binder wherein the thickness of the plates is equal to or more than 80 .mu.m and the space factor of amorphous metal alloy in the mass is equal to or more than 80% and a manufacturing method thereof.

Abstract: A directional flextensional transducer including a transducer shell capable of operation in odd and even drive modes and a transduction drive bar or the like. The transduction drive bar is excited in an even mode to impart extensional motion thereto and is simultaneously excited in an odd mode to impart inextensional motion thereto. The combined excitation causes the flextensional transducer shell to move unidirectionally.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer for providing large displacements particularly at low acoustic frequencies is formed from a minimum of three curved shells which are attached to each other at their ends. The shells are driven by a ring or corresponding number of attached piezoelectric or magnetostrictive type rod or bar drivers which take the form of a regular polygon. The curved shells are attached to the ends of the driver and vibrate with magnified motion as the rods execute extensional motion. As the polygon expands the curved shells deform and produce additional motional in the same radial direction resulting in a large total displacement and corresponding large acoustic output.

Abstract: The conversion of heat energy to electrical energy is realized by coupling memory materials to piezoelectric materials or to composite magnetoelectric materials and by subsequent hot-cold-strain cycling of the memory material. Embodiments of the invention provide solid state inverters, particle acceleration and focusing devices, and automatic hot-cold-strain cycling motor, and high voltage heat to electricity converters.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive hydraulic pump having a pump cylinder closed at one end with an elongated piston arranged within the cylinder from the other end. The piston is constructed of a magneto-strictive material which increases in length in the presence of a magnetic field of appropriate intensity. It is wound along its length with a coil of wire capable of producing an electromagnetic field upon energization. The piston is fastened at the open end of the cylinder to define a cylinder cavity between the cylinder closed end and the piston. A pair of passages, including valves, lead to a differential hydraulic actuator, for use as an intake and an exhaust passage to the actuator. The valve members in each cavity comprise a magnetically polarized member, each end of opposed polarity, such that upon energization of the pump with one polarity of pulses, the valves will assume a particular function, and with a reversed polarity of operating pulses, a reverse function.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer is provided that uses a layer of magnetostrictive ferromagnetic material having high magneto-mechanical coupling. The ferromagnetic material is adhered to a part of the outer surface of a resilient rod, so that an incident acoustic signal causes a change in stress in the magnetic material and, in turn, a change in the material's magnetization. An electrical coil surrounds the magnetic material and converts the changing magnetization into an electrical signal. A plurality of transducers may be assembled into an array and towed behind a ship to detect underwater acoustic signals.

Abstract: A transducer which uses paramagnetic magnetostrictive rods or bars, e.g., compositions of the lanthanide series of elements such as Tb.sub.0.3 Dy.sub.0.7 Fe.sub.2, has the bars biased with a lengthwise flux by a permanent magnet, e.g. samarium-colbalt, of high resistance to demagnetization by the alternating field applied to the bars by alternating current in a coil surrounding the bar. The magnet is outside the coil to reduce the ac field to which it is subjected. Uniformity of flux density along the length of the bars is enhanced by having adjacent ends of the bars subjected to like-polarity poles of the permanent magnets associated with each bar.

Abstract: The transducer of this invention provides a one-to-one input-to-output frequency relationship by the use of different magnetostrictive materials within the same transducer, the materials each having positive and negative strain expansion coefficients. The materials are selectively driven so that the transducer motion is in one direction for one polarity of the sinusoidal drive signal and in the opposite direction for the other polarity of the drive signal. The resultant transducer is capable of greater peak-to-peak excursion of the radiating face for the same length of magnetostrictive material than in the prior art biased-material transducer.

Abstract: A plurality of piezoelectric or magnetostrictive rectangular planar staves are held in side-by-side relation in a laminate assembly including insulative spacers. The widthwise polarity of adjacent pairs of the staves are inverted relative to each other. The acoustic centers of the staves are spaced apart a distance of approximately one-half of a wavelength of the operating frequency. Electrical connections are made to the opposite side edges of each of the staves through leads and bus wires. The array of staves define an active planar acoustic face for simultaneously sending and simultaneously receiving a pair of angularly separated beams of acoustic energy without electronically phasing or time delaying the signals transmitted to and from the individual staves and without mechanically rotating the array.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive generator includes a magnetostrictive transducer having a vanadium permandur core and series connected primary and secondary windings, the secondary winding having more turns that the primary winding. A commutating capacitor is connected in parallel with the primary and secondary windings of the transducer and a switch is connected in series with the primary winding. A storage capacitor, which is connected in parallel with the switch and the primary winding of the inductive transducer, is charged by a remotely located low voltage power supply when the switch is open. When the switch is closed, the storage capacitor discharges through the primary winding of the transducer to charge the commutating capacitor until the transducer reaches saturation, the commutating capacitor discharging thereupon to drive the transducer into hard saturation to produce magnetostrictive action in the core and physically deform the transducer and produce an acoustic signal.

Abstract: A die for a thermoplastic material with at least one output-gap-defining adjustable die lip, an opposing gap-bounding lip, at least one adjusting element working on the output-gap-defining die lip as well as a control and adjusting device for the thickness of the extruded plastic product, wherein the adjusting element is associated with and operated at least partially by the control and adjusting device. A field translator, either a piezotranslator or a magnetostriction translator, is employed as the adjusting element.

Abstract: An extruder press unit for extrusion of a thermoplastic material has at least one output gap in an extruder body, wherein the output gap is formed by an output gap-defining adjustable extruder lip and an opposing gap-bounding lip. This output gap is adjustable with the help of a mechanical coarse adjusting mechanism to a given gap width, and the gap-defining adjustable extruder lip is connected to at least one adjusting element, to which a control and adjusting device for the thickness of the extruded material is associated. The opposing gap-bounding lip is likewise constructed as an adjustable structural component. The coarse adjusting mechanism operates on the opposing gap bounding lip. A field translator is employed as at least one of the adjusting elements and of course in the form of either a piezotransistor or a magnetrostriction translator. The control and adjusting device is set up for a fine adjustment in the range between 0.05 and 0.3 mm, preferably between 0.10 to 0.20 mm.

Abstract: An ultrasonic generator system comprising a power oscillator which provides an A.C. signal for driving one or more ultrasonic transducers (TDM). The power oscillator includes a transistor (Tr.sub.1) in series wtih the parallel combination (for A.C. purposes) of a capacitor (C.sub.1) and an inductance (L.sub.1). The transducer load TDM is connected across the inductance L.sub.1 without the use of an intermediate transformer.

Abstract: A linear magnetostrictive actuator with feedback compensation including a force train that has at least one magnetostrictive element, an excitation component disposed on or within the actuator, a feedback apparatus whose output signal is proportional to the magnetic induction within the magnetostrictive element, and actuator control circuitry for providing the difference signal resultant between the feedback output signal and the external signal, such that positional displacement error is compensated by closed loop operation of the actuator.

Abstract: The invention relates to tunable selective devices based on magnetostatic volume waves and has as its object to provide a device comprising two resonator networks arranged to exchange magnetostatic volume waves via a selective return reflector network, in which the reflector network is devised so as to eliminate the longitudinal intereference modes present around the required longitudinal mode. The invention is applicable in particular to the filtering of electrical signals at very high frequency, to the production of tunable oscillators and to the measurement of magnetic fields.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices utilizing magnetostatic waves. The invention has as its object a filter microtape which is able to pick up and selectively dissipate magnetostatic waves as a function of their wavelength. The filter microtape is permeable to waves of which the wavelength is a submultiple of its width. The invention is applicable in particular to tunable magnetostatic wave devices such as delay lines, resonators and oscillators.

Abstract: A circuit for driving a plurality of ultrasonic transducers uses an oscillator drive means, first means responsive to the current supplied to the transducers is fed back to vary the oscillator frequency to maintain the transducer current at a maximum level, and second means, independent of the first means, are provided to cyclically sweep between upper and lower limits the oscillator frequency determined by the first means. This assures that each transducer experience resonance at least once each sweep.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device operating within a biasing magnetic field for delaying microwave signals is described including a layer of YIG material having a predetermined thickness, first and second transducers spaced apart for generating and receiving magnetostatic waves in the YIG material and a ground plane having a plurality of spacings from said YIG material, each spacing having a predetermined length along the propagation path between the first and second transducers. The invention further includes first and second layers of YIG material, first and second transducers spaced apart for generating magnetostatic waves in said first material and said first material having a plurality of spacings from said second material, each spacing having a predetermined length along the propagation path from said first to said second transducer. The invention overcomes the problem of undesired phase or group delay variations from a desired linear or quadratic phase variation as a function of frequency.

Abstract: A method for generation of acoustic vibrations based on shock excitation of a magnetostriction transducer by a pulse electrical signal. The electrical signal is generated in the form of unidirectional half-cycles of cosinusoidal voltage, with a duration from one to two half-cycles of acoustic vibrations produced by the loaded tansducer. The repetition frequency of the electrical pulses is taken to be equal to, or multiple of the frequency of acoustic vibrations.A source of acoustic vibrations comprises a power unit (7), a pulse repetition frequency control unit (10) and a reservoir capacitor (6), the plates whereof are connected through a power circuit of a switching element (5) to a field winding (2) of the magnetostriction transducer (1). The source also comprises an auxiliary field winding (3) disposed on the same magnetostriction transducer (1) and connected by the aiding connection method to the winding (2); an auxiliary switching element (8); and a switching element control unit (9).

Abstract: An improved transducer for generating and receiving acoustic energy. A transducer core is constructed by bonding together a plurality of concentric cylinders to provide a ferromagnetic core. A magnetic vector is established circumferentially about the core by passing a current through an electrical winding, wound torridially about the core. A pulsed current source connected across the core provides a high-magnitude, short-duration pulse output establishing current flow from one end to the other end of all of the concentric cylinders. Current flow within the magnetic field causes a force vector and magnetic vector creating a pressure wave.

Abstract: A simple resonant cavity for sustaining magnetostatic waves (MSW) in a resonator device is achieved by depositing a ferrimagnetic film on a substrate and cutting two substantially parallel edges in the film. The substantially parallel edges serve as simple reflectors to replace the complex reflector arrays that are etched or otherwise formed in the prior art thin film resonators.

Abstract: An ultrasonic cleaning system utilizes a manufacturing technique wherein one or more piezoelectric elements are fused, secured by a gold sputtering technique, or attached by electrochemical deposition to an associated metal surface, whether it be a metal cleaning tank or an electrode, by a gas-tight joint or connection, eliminating the necessity of utilizing conventional techniques that require bonding of the element or elements to the associated metal surfaces by epoxy compounds or the like. The novel technique is practiced, in some forms of the invention, by molding the piezoelectric elements integrally with ceramic materials utilized for the liquid cleaning tank itself, and thereafter polarizing the area or areas that are to be made piezoelectric. In other forms, a metal cleaning tank may be used, but in every instance the fusing of the piezoelectric mixture to the tank walls and/or electrodes is accomplished during the firing of the ceramic material of which the piezoelectric element is formed.

Abstract: A long line hydrophone wound with a pair of bifilar ribbons that are connected to a constant current high frequency source.

Abstract: Tunable selective devices utilizing forward magnetostatic bulk waves. A filter is able to act as an oscillator loop or as a passive transmission system in which two resonant cavities including gratings are so arranged that via a selective reflector grating they may exchange magnetostatic bulk waves energized and intercepted by transducers of the microstrip type. The invention relates in particular to the filtering of very high frequency electric signals, and to the production of tunable oscillators and to measuring magnetic fields.

Abstract: A magnetostatic wave device which has broad application in the signal processing arena is disclosed herein. Basically, the magnetostatic wave device includes a layer of magnetized magnetic medium having a surface which includes a prespecified area to support the propagation of magnetostatic waves. A generator element is disposed at one end of the propagation area and is operative to carry an electromagnetic signal to generate magnetostatic waves supported by the propagation area. A pattern of conductive material having a plurality of conductive paths commonly coupled together at both ends is disposed in juxtaposition with the propagation area of the magnetic medium surface. In one embodiment, the conductive pattern includes a variable impedance coupled to each of a desired number of the conductive paths thereof to vary the impedance of the path. Each variable impedance is adjustable controlled in accordance with an applied governing signal.

Abstract: A permanent magnet rotor uses a magnetic shaft having a rhomboidal cross section. Fastening means secure clamp pieces which in turn retain pole pieces and the permanent magnets.

Abstract: The transducer is one that combines magnetostrictive and electrostrictive/piezoelectric transducer effects to form a transducer with improved performance. A transducer is provided which the two aforementioned effects are mechanically coupled in series allowing cancellation of the motion at one end of the transducer and maximization of the motion at the other end thereof. In an alternate construction, respective transducer types are connected mechanically in parallel in which the pressure may be cancelled on one side and increased on the other side of the transducer array. Either the velocity of pressure cancellation leads to a transducer element or transducer array with unidirectional properties. This device described herein may also be used as an intensity measuring instrument or as an acoustic sound repeater.

Abstract: A rod of magnetostrictive material has its ends placed between steel bars which provide compression on the rod by tensioning wires connected between the bars. Preferably, the wires are equally spaced along the bars from the rod so that when the wires are equally tensioned the rod is under no bending stress. The tension of the wires (and from this value, the compression of the rod) is conveniently determined by the freqency of vibration of the wires using known physical relationships between these quantities.

Abstract: A compact subwavelength size monopole underwater sound radiator has chararistics to maximize resistive radiation impedance, minimize reactive radiation impedance, facilitate heat dissipation and minimize compensating air usage. This results in improved efficiency, bandwidth and use factor. The underwater sound radiator uses two back-to-back mounted, frustum shaped, hollow, radiating shells to achieve radiation characteristics approximating those of an equivalent sized pulsating sphere. An elliptically shaped, uniform cross-section magnetostrictive ring crossed by a linear piezoelectric spreader comprises a compact eclectic driver. Both the magnetostrictive ring and the piezoelectric stack contribute to the output through inverse phase cyclic changes in their respective lengths those changes being added and amplified by the flexural-bow type action of the elliptically shaped magnetostrictive ring.

Abstract: An ultrasonic resonant vibrator has a connecting portion connecting an ultrasonic vibration transducer to a tool which thereby ultrasonically vibrates at one end for fragmenting contacted tissue. The connecting portion is bifurcated by a slot, and a mount for mounting the vibrator in the handpiece is positioned toward the transducer from the slot. This structure is shaped, dimensioned and made of materials having acoustic properties such that there is only one node of ultrasonic vibrational movement between and including the slot and the mount and this node is spaced from the mount toward the slot to obtain increased ultrasonic vibration at the tissue-contacting end of the tool for better fragmenting a wider variety of tissues.

Abstract: An ultrasonic instrument including a stack of laminations for converting electrical energy into mechanical vibratory energy to which is connected at one end an acoustic impedance transformer for converting the vibratory energy into longitudinal movement, with a work tip being connected to the free end of the transformer and a transition region of decreasing cross-sectional area extending between the transformer free end and the work tip. A shield is provided to divert the energy radiated from the transition region away from the work tip.

Abstract: An ultrasonic instrument including a stack of laminations having acoustic impedance transformer connected and a housing which fits over the stack and at least a part of the transformer in which the housing has a portion of a material having a low coefficient of friction which makes contact with the acoustic impedance transformer.

Abstract: A power supply is provided for an electromechanical device of the type employing ultrasonic frequency vibratory energy for bonding materials. An automatic frequency control varies the output frequency of the power supply until the ratio of the maximum to minimum amplitudes of a standing wave produced in the mechanical vibratory member falls below a pre-set maximum. The frequency of the power supply is set by a voltage controlled variable frequency oscillator. A sweep generator produces a periodic voltage signal having a frequency substantially less than the frequency range of the voltage controlled oscillator.Means are provided for coupling the voltage signal from the sweep generator to the control input of the voltage controlled oscillator whenever the standing wave ratio exceeds a pre-set value, and for holding the last voltage signal received by the control input of the voltage controlled oscillator whenever the standing wave ratio is equal to or less than the pre-set value.

Abstract: A method of converting magnetic energy to mechanical energy comprising subjecting a material of the formula R.sub.x T.sub.1-x wherein R is a rare earth or mixtures thereof, T is Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, or mixtures thereof, and 0<x<1, to a change in magnetic field and of converting mechanical energy to magnetic energy comprising subjecting a material of the formula R.sub.x T.sub.1-x to a change in pressure.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive device capable of large magnetostrictive strains is produced from RFe.sub.2 compounds wherein R is a rare earth element.

Abstract: A magnetostrictive device comprises a magnetostrictive component consisting essentially of an amorphous alloy of iron, boron, lanthanum and lanthanide.

Abstract: An underwater sound generator composed of a ferrofluid contained within a toroidal container which has a rigid bottom and top and elastic cylindrical side walls. A coil of wire links the toroidal container and is adapted to be connected to a dc bias source to produce a biasing magnetic field, H.sub.BIAS, which drives the magnetization of the ferrofluid well into saturation. Two oppositely wound coils of wire respectively link the inner side wall and the outer side wall and are adapted to be connected in series to an ac signal source to produce a time-varying magnetic field, H.sub.AC, which modulates H.sub.BIAS. The wires are equally spaced in the volume occupied by the ferrofluid. The gradient of H.sub.AC in the radial direction provides the time-varying force on the ferrofluid. The resulting ferrofluid motion in the radial direction is transmitted through the outer elastic side wall to supply acoustic motion to the surrounding water.

Abstract: Grain-oriented polycrystalline or single crystal magnetostrictive materials n the general formula Tb.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x Fe.sub.2-w, Tb.sub.x Ho.sub.1-x Fe.sub.2-w, Sm.sub.x Dy.sub.1-x Fe.sub.x-w, Sm.sub.x Ho.sub.1-x Fe.sub.2-w, Tb.sub.x Ho.sub.y Dy.sub.z Fe.sub.2-w, or Sm.sub.x Ho.sub.y Dy.sub.z Fe.sub.2-w, wherein O.ltoreq.w.ltoreq.0.20, and x+y+z=1. X, y, and z are selected to maximize the magnetostrictive effect and the magnetomechanical coupling coefficient K.sub.33. These material may be used in magnetostrictive transducers, delay lines, variable frequency resonators, and filters.

Abstract: A magnetic fluid transducer for producing a low-frequency sound field in a fluid medium. The device comprises a non-magnetic cylindrical housing with end windows. The housing is surrounded by a magnetic-field-generator means and contains a magnetic fluid within the housing. The magnetic field penetrates the housing and interacts with the magnetic fluid. A body force is developed within the fluid which produces an internal pressure in local regions defined by the lines of magnetic flux. This internal pressure is transmitted by an acoustic transmitting medium to the surrounding fluid as a sound pressure level.

Abstract: A co-ordinate plate for a co-ordinate reader, which utilizes delays of oscillation waves in a magnetostrictive material. The co-ordinate plate is composed of two sheets of magnetostrictive material, which have a common co-ordinate plane and an acoustically insulating sheet therebetween, and in which propagation characteristics of the magnetostrictive oscillation waves are approximate to each other in a direction of a first line formed, on the co-ordinate plane, by the loci of many points having the same one of the two components of their co-ordinates and in a direction of a second line formed, on the co-ordinate plane, by the loci of many points having the other same component of the two components of their coordinates. Two exciting coils are provided for producing magnetostrictive oscillation in the thin plate of magnetostructive material in the directions of the first and second lines. Flux keepers are further provided for shielding magnetix fluxes emanating from the exciting coils.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electromagnetic acoustic transducer, including a source of magnetic flux for establishing a static magnetic field, an electrical conductor for conducting an alternating current in the static magnetic field, and an electrically conductive, nonmagnetic shield disposed between the source of magnetic flux and the conductor.

Abstract: A system including a sensor and electronic instrumentation for measuring fission gas pressures inside a pressurized system or device or the like, such as a nuclear fuel rod. The system is based primarily on what is commonly known as the Villari effect which is the dependence of the magnetic permeability of certain magnetic materials upon applied stress, and permits pressure measurements to be made without any mechanical or physical penetration of the fuel cladding or end cap of the fuel rod. In a preferred embodiment pressure sensing is implemented by locating a sensor made from Villari sensitive material inside the pressurized system. The pressure places a stress loading on the sensor which in turn produces electrical output signals proportional to the applied stress.

Abstract: A device using longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations for rotating a shaft at relatively low rotational speeds is particularly useful for rotating a brush-type tooth polisher on an insert for an ultrasonic dental prophylaxis unit. The device has a sleeve which supports the rotatable shaft and a vibrator. A disc is normal to the axis of rotation of the shaft and connected to the shaft for rotation. A transducer at one end of the vibrator responds to excitation for producing longitudinal ultrasonic vibrations in the vibrator, and the other end of the vibrator which is urged against the disc with a constant force converts the longitudinal vibrations into elliptical motion to engage one face of the disc during an arc of the elliptical motion. This imparts substantially only pulses of tangential driving force and normal vibrational forces to rotate the disc and shaft unidirectionally. In one preferred embodiment, the vibrator has a single driving pad urged against the disc.

Abstract: Magnetostrictive rod filter whose attenuation versus frequency curve has a resonance as the conventional magnetostrictive rod filters but also a pole at a frequency near the resonance frequency. The filter comprises a freely vibrating magnetostrictive rod, two windings symmetrically located with respect to the rod center and surrounding the rod, ferrimagnetic material sheaths surrounding the windings except on the parts thereof facing the rod and means for applying a d.c. magnetic field to the rod. The pole of the attenuation curve is due to a demagnetizing field created by portions of the rod externally projecting beyond the windings and by apertures in those parts of the sheaths facing these rod projecting portions.

Abstract: A method for disintegrating a material comprises acting on the material being disintegrated with shock waves produced upon applying individual electromagnetic field pulses to a current-conducting element arranged in a close proximity to the material being disintegrated. An apparatus for disintegrating a material comprises a unit forming electromagnetic field pulses connected to a current source and arranged in a close proximity to the current-conducting element.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved apparatus for removing interior material coatings in various containers such as sanitary bowls. The apparatus may be partially or completely immersed or introduced into liquid in a container to be cleaned and due to an improved arrangement of high frequency vibrator elements in the interior of an immersed apparatus housing, a particularly efficient and uniform power emission may be achieved from the oscillating housing walls, said power providing cavitations at the container walls to be cleaned whereby coatings may be loosened in an effective manner without damaging the container walls.

Abstract: A tuning fork wherein a tuning fork vibrator is supported on a damping member mounted in a housing and having such characteristics that it will cancel the (1/2)f.sub.0 of spurious response of the tuning fork vibrator without impeding the normal vibration of the tuning fork vibrator, whereby the size of the tuning fork can be minimized.

Abstract: The invention relates to an interaction device comprising a non-magnetic substrate, a thin easy-plane magnetic layer, two piezoelectric transducers arranged at the ends of the magnetic layer and respectively receiving the two electrical signals to be treated. The signals applied are converted into elastic surface waves which are transmitted to the magnetic layer in the form of magnetoelastic waves propagated in opposite directions. The device is subjected to an external magnetic field. The variations in magnetization in the interaction zone are collected by a detection plate and characterize the interaction between the two signals.

Abstract: A sensor for engine vibrations at a predetermined frequency characteristic of detonation comprises a housing adapted at one axial end for attachment to an internal combustion engine, a magnetostrictive element axially compressed in said housing with a source of permanent magnetic flux and a pickup coil on a spool around the magnetostrictive element. The spool engages the magnetostrictive element in a force fit characterized by a predetermined push-out force. The sensor housing comprises a first resonant assembly having a first resonant frequency slightly higher than the predetermined frequency. The spool and coil are coupled to the magnetostrictive element by the force fit to comprise a second resonant assembly having a second resonant frequency slightly lower than the predetermined frequency. The overall output characteristic of the sensor thus has a single resonant peak at substantially the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: A dipole hydrophone transducer which includes first and second magnetostrictive arms and associated windings. One arm includes a radiation target for acoustic energy for production of proportional signals in the windings and the other arm includes a counterbalancing mass for acceleration cancelling. In one embodiment the radiation target is in the form of a disk and the counterbalancing mass is in the form of a ring surrounding the disk so that the disk and ring have the same center of gravity.