Abstract: An illumination apparatus includes: a reflector having a first reflection surface with a shape of a surface of revolution, and a downward light emission outlet through which direct light from a light source and reflection light from the first reflection surface being emitted; and a cone having a substantially truncated conical second reflection surface, an upper opening opposing the light emission outlet, and a lower opening having a larger diameter than the upper opening. The cone is positioned outside the optical paths of the controlled reflection light from the first reflection surface.

Abstract: Provided is a resonant network for plasma power supply, which is connected between a power supply unit and an output unit. The resonant network includes a resonant inductor connected in series with the power supply unit, a resonant capacitor connected in parallel with the output unit and connected in series with the resonant inductor, and a passive element connected in series with the output unit and the resonant inductor and connected in parallel with the resonant capacitor.

Abstract: The inventive concept relates to a light unit and a diffuser separated from the light source at a predetermined distance and having a cylindrical structure, and a cylindrical structure display device including the same.

Abstract: A flash discharge tube includes tungsten pins configuring a pair of discharge electrodes, and an envelope. The envelope includes a central region, serving as an alkali-free region, which is configured with an alkali-free glass except for quartz glass. The central region becomes in a high temperature state during a firing operation of the flash discharge tube. The central region is smaller than a maximum region enclosing a gas-tight space formed by hermetically sealing the pair of the discharge electrodes and is not smaller than a minimum region enclosing an arc-discharge space formed between the tungsten pins of the pair of the discharge electrodes. The alkali-free region contains either no alkali metal component or not larger than a predetermined amount of an alkali metal component. Then, a trigger electrode is disposed in the alkali-free region. This provides the flash discharge tube featuring a stable short-interval continuous-firing operation.

Abstract: The invention proposes a barrier comprising a blocking beam (1) that is mounted on a console such that it can be moved between an open position and a blocking position, wherein the blocking beam (1) is realized in the form of a tube section, on one end (2) of which a lamp (3) is arranged in a lens (4) that allows a linear light scattering in the direction of the other end of the tube section essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis (5) thereof, and on the other end (11) of which a device (9) for reflecting the light emitted by the lamp (3) is arranged, wherein the axial part of the tube section that extends between the lamp (3) and the device (9) for reflecting the light is realized in a translucent or transparent fashion.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting apparatus includes a light emitting panel including an organic light emitting diode, a housing for housing the light emitting panel, a cover coupled to the housing and covering a front-side edge of the light emitting panel, a plurality of pins disposed between the housing and the light emitting panel and supporting an edge of the light emitting panel, and at least one contact bar disposed between the plurality of pins and a back-side edge of the light emitting panel.

Abstract: A compact strobe device includes the following components: a flash discharge tube having an anode and a cathode; a conductive reflector storing a part of the flash discharge tube; a trigger coil having a hollow core, and a primary winding and a secondary winding around the core; and a conductor connecting the secondary winding of the trigger coil and the reflector. The trigger coil has an end of the flash discharge tube inserted into the core, and includes at an end thereof adjacent to the reflector, a secondary terminal connected to the secondary winding. The reflector has a bottom in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the flash discharge tube, the outer peripheral surface covering at least the region extending from the anode to the cathode. The conductor has a first contact portion in contact with the secondary terminal of the trigger coil, and a second contact portion in contact with the bottom of the reflector.

Abstract: A compact strobe device includes the following components: a flash discharge tube having an anode on one side thereof and a cathode on the other side thereof; a conductive reflector composing an external trigger electrode, the reflector being in contact with and storing a part of the flash discharge tube; a trigger coil having a primary winding and a secondary winding wound around a hollow core; and an elastic conductor connecting the secondary winding of the trigger coil and the reflector. The trigger coil has an end of the flash discharge tube inserted into the core, and includes, at the end thereof adjacent to the reflector, a secondary terminal connected to the secondary winding. The conductor elastically deforms to be in contact with the secondary terminal of the trigger coil and a lateral side of the reflector.

Abstract: A flash lamp comprises an arc tube in which a pair of electrodes are provided there inside, a reflective film formed on an outer surface of the arc tube, a trigger wire arranged along the arc tube outside the reflective film, wherein ceramic material is used for the reflective film, and at an end of at least one of end portions of the arc tube, an end edge of the reflective film in a longitudinal direction is located in a front side of the electrode.

Abstract: A backlight assembly comprising: a plurality of fluorescent lamps each including a lamp tube having a fluorescent layer, a discharge gas contained in the lamp tube, a first electrode disposed in the lamp tube, and a conductive terminal capacitively coupled to the first electrode; and a lamp socket which secures the plurality of fluorescent lamps.

Abstract: A lamp device and a light source module are provided. The lamp device includes a lamp body and a coil connecting tube. The lamp body has an end portion and a lead wire extends from the end portion. The coil connecting tube is disposed corresponding to the end portion of the lamp body and electrically connecting to the lead wire for power supply purpose. The coil connecting tube winds about an axial direction of the lamp body and is capable of stretching or compressing along the axial direction. The light source module includes the lamp device and a lamp connector which has a power source portion being coupled to the coil connecting tube for power supply.

Abstract: A compact strobe device includes the following components: a flash discharge tube having an anode and a cathode; a conductive reflector storing a part of the flash discharge tube; a trigger coil having a hollow core, and a primary winding and a secondary winding around the core; and a conductor connecting the secondary winding of the trigger coil and the reflector. The trigger coil has an end of the flash discharge tube inserted into the core, and includes at an end thereof adjacent to the reflector, a secondary terminal connected to the secondary winding. The reflector has a bottom in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the flash discharge tube, the outer peripheral surface covering at least the region extending from the anode to the cathode. The conductor has a first contact portion in contact with the secondary terminal of the trigger coil, and a second contact portion in contact with the bottom of the reflector.

Abstract: A compact strobe device includes the following components: a flash discharge tube having an anode on one side thereof and a cathode on the other side thereof; a conductive reflector composing an external trigger electrode, the reflector being in contact with and storing a part of the flash discharge tube; a trigger coil having a primary winding and a secondary winding wound around a hollow core; and an elastic conductor connecting the secondary winding of the trigger coil and the reflector. The trigger coil has an end of the flash discharge tube inserted into the core, and includes, at the end thereof adjacent to the reflector, a secondary terminal connected to the secondary winding. The conductor elastically deforms to be in contact with the secondary terminal of the trigger coil and a lateral side of the reflector.

Abstract: A light emitting lamp, a backlight assembly and a display device including the same are provided. The light emitting lamp includes a lamp tube longitudinally extended along an extension line, and a plurality of set electrodes disposed on a periphery of the lamp tube and along the extension line. The periphery of the lamp tube is divided into a first region and a second region by a plane including the extension line, and each of the set electrodes includes a first electrode disposed on the first region and a second electrode disposed on the second region.

Abstract: Embodiments of a lamp comprise an arctube and an ignition aid that couples with the arctube to allow discharge to occur at lower breakdown voltages and without the need for radioactive material (e.g., Kr85). The ignition aid has an elongated body that extends in parallel relation to the arctube. One or more extension members extend from the elongated body to contact the arctube. In one example, the extension members include a pair of contacts, which couple with the arctube to provide both electrical connectivity and mechanical support.

Abstract: A discharge lamp having an improved run-up time is disclosed. In an embodiment, the discharge lamp includes a light-transmissive discharge tube extending from a first end to a second end and having an inner surface and an outer surface, a phosphor coating layered onto the inner surface of the discharge tube, and a fill gas composition capable of sustaining a discharge sealed within the discharge tube. Also included is a resistive heating wire positioned about the outer surface of the discharge tube. In some embodiments, a lamp driver circuit is included that operates when the lamp is turned ON to provide power to electrodes in the discharge tube and to provide power to the resistive heating wire, and operates to disconnect power from the resistive heating wire when the discharge lamp achieves a predetermined percentage of its stabilized lumen output.

Abstract: A flash lamp comprises an arc tube in which a pair of electrodes are provided there inside, a reflective film formed on an outer surface of the arc tube, a trigger wire arranged along the arc tube outside the reflective film, wherein ceramic material is used for the reflective film, and at an end of at least one of end portions of the arc tube, an end edge of the reflective film in a longitudinal direction is located in a front side of the electrode.

Abstract: In a high-pressure discharge lamp including a ceramic discharge vessel, a secure connection between a hybrid antenna as starting aid and a leadthrough of the discharge vessel is provided by virtue of the fact that a means between leadthrough and extension limits the ohmic resistance between leadthrough and hybrid antenna preferably to at most 100?.

Abstract: A strobe device of the present invention includes a reflector having an opening on the subject side, a cylindrical flashtube disposed in the reflector, and a first trigger electrode disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the flashtube. The first trigger electrode is disposed on the subject side of the outer peripheral surface of the flashtube. Thus, a flash of light emitted from the flashtube is reflected in a large range, from the bottom side to the opening side of the reflector, and a strobe device having a large range of light distribution can be achieved.

Abstract: A discharge lamp including: a discharge vessel 10B configured by a light-transmissive non-electrically conducting member with a light-emitting substance sealed inside; one out of a pair of antenna members 10D with a portion at one end provided inside the discharge vessel 10B and a portion at the other end projecting outside the discharge vessel 10B and covered by a non-electrically conducting member; the other of the pair of antenna members 10D with a portion at one end provided inside the discharge vessel 10B and a portion at the other end projecting outside the discharge vessel 10B, covered by a non-electrically conducting member and capable of being connected to an electromagnetic waveguide path; and a loading coil 10E wound around the portion of the first antenna member 10D that is covered by the non-conducting member. A point light source can be achieved as well as performing power supply with good efficiency.

Abstract: An ultraviolet enhancer (UVE) holder (428) may be configured to attach a UVE (424) having an outer envelope (530) to an electrical lead (420) of a lamp (400) and to retain the UVE (424) within the lamp (400) in a desired position. The UVE holder (428) may include a plurality of turns (640) comprising a first turn (642) and a final turn (644). The first and final turns (642, 644) may have a substantially similar inner diameter (D) defining a through passage (646) shaped to conformingly receive the outer envelope (530) of the UVE (424). The UVE holder (428) may further include a first leg (534) depending from the first turn (642), wherein the first leg (534) may have a first distal portion (648) remote from the first turn (642) defining a first attachment region (650) adapted for attachment to a lamp capsule electrical lead (410).

Abstract: Dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators are used to manipulate exhaust flow within and behind a jet engine nozzle. The dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators may be used to direct cooling airflow near the surface of the nozzle to reduce heating of the nozzle, create thrust vectoring, and reduce noise associated with the exhaust flow exiting the nozzle.

Abstract: Two or more separate discharge spaces (8, 9) are provided in the discharge vessel (2) of a dielectric barrier discharge lamp (1), said discharge spaces (8, 9) each being filled with a discharge medium. This provides the possibility of producing radiation with two or more wavelengths which are characteristic of the respectively used discharge media using a single lamp (1).

Abstract: A lamp device and a light source module are provided. The lamp device includes a lamp body and a coil connecting tube. The lamp body has an end portion and a lead wire extends from the end portion. The coil connecting tube is disposed corresponding to the end portion of the lamp body and electrically connecting to the lead wire for power supply purpose. The coil connecting tube winds about an axial direction of the lamp body and is capable of stretching or compressing along the axial direction. The light source module includes the lamp device and a lamp connector which has a power source portion being coupled to the coil connecting tube for power supply.

Abstract: An ultraviolet enhancer (UVE) holder (428) may be configured to attach a UVE (424) having an outer envelope (530) to an electrical lead (420) of a lamp (400) and to retain the UVE (424) within the lamp (400) in a desired position. The UVE holder (428) may include a plurality of turns (640) comprising a first turn (642) and a final turn (644). The first and final turns (642, 644) may have a substantially similar inner diameter (D) defining a through passage (646) shaped to conformingly receive the outer envelope (530) of the UVE (424). The UVE holder (428) may further include a first leg (534) depending from the first turn (642), wherein the first leg (534) may have a first distal portion (648) remote from the first turn (642) defining a first attachment region (650) adapted for attachment to a lamp capsule electrical lead (410).

Abstract: A lamp electrode includes a sealed tube for generating light when powered by an external power supply and a pair of electrodes formed on the ends of the sealed tube. Solder is filled into the space between each electrode and the sealed tube, and formed on the surface of the exterior surface of the electrodes. A method for forming the lamp electrode includes forming a cylindrically shaped electrode on an end of a sealed tube; maintaining a supply of solder in the liquid state; and dipping the end of the tube on which the electrode is formed into the solder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fluorescent lamp having ceramic-glass composite electrodes, which has a higher dielectric constant, higher secondary electron emission, and higher polarization under the same electric field, and thus enables the movement of many more electrons and cations, resulting in high brightness. The fluorescent lamp having ceramic-glass composite electrodes includes a glass tube, which has a phosphor applied on the inner surface thereof and is filled with a mixture of inert gas and metal vapor, both ends of which are sealed; and hollow cylindrical electrodes provided at both ends of the glass tube, each of the hollow cylindrical electrodes having a stepped portion between a central portion thereof and an end portion thereof, and being formed of a ceramic-glass composite. As the material for the electrode, a composite, including a CaO—MgO—SrO—ZrO2—TiO2 ceramic composition and glass frit, is used.

Abstract: An illumination device for a microscope, in particular for an operation microscope, has a light source with an improved lifetime. The light source is in the form of a gas discharge lamp having a microwave generator, a microwave waveguide and an electrodeless bulb. The bulb contains a luminescent material and is coupled to the microwave waveguide so that microwaves can stimulate the luminescent material to emit light.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new discharge element having a discharge-control electrode for inducing a discharge even at low voltage by improving a characteristic in which a discharge element may not be discharged against a fast transient voltage when it is at low voltage, and more specifically, the discharge element having a discharge-control electrode according to the present invention comprises an airtight cylinder formed with a ceramic insulation material, a pair of discharge electrodes arranged for facing an end opening of the airtight cylinder, a discharge gap formed between the pair of discharge electrodes, a discharge-assisting material filled inside the airtight cylinder, and a discharge-control electrode in contact with the airtight cylinder and physically separated from the discharge-assisting material, wherein a discharge between the pair of discharge electrodes is induced by a control voltage applied through the discharge-control electrode.

Abstract: A flat or substantially flat luminous structure including two walls having main faces facing one another and defining an internal space, a light source placed in the internal space and a power supply for the light source, and at least one substantially transparent part or an overall transparent part forming at least one light well. The structure is capable of illuminating via at least one luminous region of at least one of the main faces, an element having a reflective surface that reflects visible light, placed facing at least one part of the luminous region. The element is switchable and the reflective surface is capable of becoming a substantially transparent surface or an overall transparent surface over at least one area, and vice versa.

Abstract: To avoid a decline in the reflectivity of an ultraviolet reflection film caused by lighting for an extended period of time and providing a uniform illuminance an excimer lamp has a silica glass discharge vessel with electrodes on opposite sides of the discharge vessel, wherein excimer discharge is generated in the discharge space of the discharge vessel, wherein an ultraviolet reflection film made of silica particles and alumina particles is formed on a surface exposed to the discharge space and wherein the mean particle diameter of silica particles is at least 0.67 times as large as the mean particle diameter of the alumina particles. The alumina particles in the ultraviolet reflection film preferably constitute at least 5 wt % and more preferably at least 10 wt % of the sum of silica particles and alumina particles.

Abstract: A flat or substantially flat light-emitting and/or UV (ultraviolet)-emitting structure including first and second dielectric walls facing each other and defining an internal space containing a light source, first and second electrodes for the light source, which generate electric field lines with at least one component perpendicular to the first and second electrodes, the first electrode being supplied or capable of being supplied by a high-frequency electromagnetic signal f0, and as an outer cover for the first electrode, an electrical safety system that includes an electrical conductor separated from the first electrode by a dielectric, the protective conductor being connected or capable of being connected to an electrical power supply with a potential V and/or with a frequency f that are adjusted so that the peak value of external leakage current is equal to 2 mA or less if f is zero, or 0.7 mA or less if f is non-zero.

Abstract: It is provided a dielectric barrier discharge lamp (10) for providing ultraviolet light, comprising an outer tube (12) filled with a discharge gas for providing ultraviolet light, an inner tube (14) arranged at least partially inside the outer tube (12), an outer electrode (16) electrically connected to the outer tube (12) and an inner electrode (18) electrically connected to the inner tube (14), wherein the inner electrode (18) comprises a conductor (20) and a plurality of an conductive granulated material (22) for providing an electrical contact between the conductor (20) and the inner tube (14). Due to the conductive granulated material (22) an electrical contact between the conductor (20) and the inner tube (14) is safeguarded and different thermal expansions of the inner electrode (18) and the inner tube (14) are compensated at the same time without applying mechanical stress to the inner tube (14).

Abstract: The present invention comprises a globe shield and an inner disposed inside the shield, between which a low-pressured plasmic arc discharging zone is enclosed. Further, a glass division device near the inner in the discharging zone is coated with fluorescent powder on the surface thereof and is formed by glass or sheet glass having at least one opening defined on the glass to ensure the passage of air. The present invention advantages preferable ruminant efficiency as 15 to 20% higher as that of the conventional products, increasing the thermal resistance between the high-temperature circular discharging zone of the plasmic arc and the power coupler to decrease the heat generated by the corresponding radiation conduction for the inner, so that a large power is enabled by the present invention, accomplishing a performance of 200-300 W of the lighting power, and attaining a 75-85 Lm/W of the ruminant efficiency.

Abstract: The cold cathode lamp includes a light-transmissive insulating tube; the first and second internal electrodes disposed inside the insulating tube; the first and second external electrodes disposed outside the insulating tube and connected to the first and second internal electrodes, respectively; the first and second insulating members covering the first and second external electrodes, respectively; the first opposite electrode opposite the first external electrode with the first insulating member interposed therebetween, the second opposite electrode opposite the second external electrode with the second insulating member interposed therebetween, the first insulating layer covering the outer edges of the first opposite electrode; and the second insulating layer covering the outer edges of the second opposite electrode. It is possible to light up a plurality of cold cathode lamps that are connected in parallel to a power supply.

Abstract: The invention relates to a light source device having a high-voltage discharge lamp (1) on which a trigger line (10) for triggering the lamp is attached. The high-voltage discharge lamp (1) is formed such that an arc tube (7) having a pair of substantially cylindrical sealing portions (9R, 9L) formed on both sides in the longitudinal direction with a light emitting portion (8) in between is sealed with electrode assemblies (3R, 3L). The trigger line (10) is formed such that its one end (10a) is connected to a power supply lead (6), which is of the electrode assembly (3L) and protruded from the one sealing portion (9L), and its other end (10c) is wound around the outer circumference of the other sealing portion (9R).

Abstract: A connecting member is adapted to be coupled with a connection object including a pipe portion having a sealed end and a terminal portion protruding outward from the sealed end. The connecting member includes a tubular portion adapted to be fitted over an outer peripheral surface of the pipe portion, a bottom portion connected to one end of the tubular portion in an axial direction and adapted to be faced to the sealed end when the tubular portion is fitted over the outer peripheral surface of the pipe portion, and a connecting portion connected to the bottom portion and adapted to be connected to the terminal portion. The tubular portion includes a plurality of elastic sections separated by a plurality of slits extending from the other end towards the one end in the axial direction and adapted to be brought into elastic contact with the pipe portion.

Abstract: A high-intensity discharge lamp includes a discharge vessel made of an insulator, and a cathode and anode. A V-shaped gap is provided between the anode and a first region of the vessel directly adjacent to where the anode separates from an interior surface of the vessel. A secondary cathode is provided on an exterior surface of the vessel at the first region, where the secondary cathode is positioned so that the V-shaped gap and the first region are between the secondary cathode and the anode. An electric field at the first region produces a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) which generates ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet VUV photons that impinge on the cathode and initiate a breakdown between the cathode and anode.

Abstract: A cold cathode tube lamp is fed with power from a first conductive member and a second conductive member provided outside in a mounted state, and includes a glass tube, first and second internal electrodes provided inside the glass tube, a first external electrode provided outside the glass tube and connected to the first internal electrode, a second external electrode provided outside the glass tube and connected to the second internal electrode, a first insulating layer coated on the first external electrode, and a second insulating layer coated on the second external electrode. In a mounted state, the first conductive member and the first external electrode are capacitively coupled together, and the second conductive member and the second external electrode are capacitively coupled together. With such a structure, parallel lighting can be achieved by parallel driving.

Abstract: Disclosed is an EEFL and LCD device using the same, the EEFL comprising: a glass tube coated with a fluorescent material therein and filled with discharge gas, main electrodes at both ends of the glass tube and sub-electrodes formed at an outer surface of the glass tube and being respectively spaced from the main electrodes, or comprising: a glass tube coated with a fluorescent material therein and filled with discharge gas, main electrodes at both ends of the glass tube, sub-electrodes at an outer surface of the glass tube and being respectively spaced from the main electrodes and electrode connection lines connecting each of the main electrodes and the sub-electrodes to each other.

Abstract: A gas-discharge lamp (1) is described having an inner envelope (2) comprising a discharge vessel (3) and two tubular sections (6, 7) arranged on the discharge vessel, having two electrodes (4, 5) that project from the tubular sections (6, 7) into the discharge vessel (3) and that, to enable them to be supplied with power, are electrically connected to respective electrical conductors (10, 11) that extend through the associated tubular sections (6, 7) and that are enclosed in the tubular sections (6, 7) with a gastight seal along a sealing section (8, 9). The lamp (1) has an outer envelope (18) that is connected at each of its ends to respective ones of the tubular sections (6, 7) of the inner envelope (2) and that surrounds the discharge vessel (3) while leaving an outer cavity (20) between itself (18) and the discharge vessel (3).

Abstract: An exemplary external electrode fluorescent lamp includes a fluorescent tube having two electrodes fixed at two ends thereof, and two inner caps respectively holding the electrodes. Each inner cap includes an electrode receiving portion configured for receiving the electrode, a conductive layer provided at inner surfaces of the electrode receiving portion, a lead receiving portion integrally formed with the electrode receiving portion, and a conductive lead received in the lead receiving portion. The conductive layer contacts the conductive layer. A backlight module employing the external electrode fluorescent lamp is also provided.

Abstract: A fluorescent tube in which no luminance gradient in the longitudinal direction occurs even when a one-side high-voltage driving method is used, a method of driving the fluorescent tube, an illuminating device for display device, and a display device having the illuminating device are provided. The fluorescent tube for one-side high-voltage driving is arranged behind a display panel via optical sheets. An internal diameter of the fluorescent tube is arranged to become larger gradually toward an electrode part at a high-voltage driving side, which prevents the occurrence of the luminance gradient in the longitudinal direction when a one-side high-voltage driving method is used.

Abstract: A lamp electrode includes a sealed tube for generating light when powered by an external power supply and a pair of electrodes formed on the ends of the sealed tube. Solder is filled into the space between each electrode and the sealed tube, and formed on the surface of the exterior surface of the electrodes. A method for forming the lamp electrode includes forming a cylindrically shaped electrode on an end of a sealed tube; maintaining a supply of solder in the liquid state; and dipping the end of the tube on which the electrode is formed into the solder.

Abstract: An excimer lamp, including a discharge vessel made of silica glass and having a discharge space; a pair of electrodes disposed on the discharge vessel, wherein the discharge space is filled with xenon gas; and an ultraviolet reflection film made from ultraviolet scattering particles, including silica particles and alumina particles, formed on a surface of the discharge vessel exposed to the discharge space. A thickness Y of the ultraviolet reflection film satisfies the expression Y>4X+5, given that a mean particle diameter of the ultraviolet scattering particles making up the ultraviolet reflection film is X (?m).

Abstract: A lamp includes a light emitter enclosing a material emitting light upon receiving irradiation of microwave, and a coil formed on an outer side of the light emitter. In the lamp, a position of the coil with respect to the light emitter is changed in response to a temperature.

Abstract: A excimer lamp comprises an electric discharge container in which a sealing member is provided between a lid member and an arc tube which does not contain silica, and a pair of external electrodes which are separately provided on an outer surface of the arc tube, wherein rare gas and a fluoride is enclosed in the electric discharge container, and the fluoride is sulfur hexafluoride, carbon tetrafluoride, or nitrogen trifluoride.

Abstract: This relates to a backlight unit that is adaptive for reducing leakage current. A backlight unit according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a plurality of lamps; a common electrode electrically connected to an electrode of any one of the lamps; and a lower side support that supports the common electrode and that includes a shielding part, wherein the shielding part is in between a portion of the common electrode and the electrode.

Abstract: An arc lamp apparatus is disclosed, which may include a base having a plurality of electrical connections, and a vessel. The vessel may include a plurality of electrodes, a gas filled bulb, and a plurality of pinches. An electrical arc that emits radiation may be formed within the plurality of electrodes. A first pinch may contain a first electrode of the plurality of electrodes. A second pinch may be fixed perpendicular to the base. The second pinch may contain a second electrode not fixed to the base. The second electrode may be connected to an external electrode connecting lead that routes in proximity to the gas filled bulb. The external electrode connecting lead may be shrouded by a reflective material.

Abstract: A lamp and a back light unit for improved brightness and efficiency are disclosed. In the lamp, a transparent tube is sealed with a discharge gas. A fluorescent material is formed within the transparent tube in an emitter section that generates light. Electrodes are installed at both sides of the glass tube.