Abstract: An electrode arrangement for the detection of species ionized by radiant energy from a radiation source, comprising: an annular cathode; a shield, opaque to the radiant energy, extending across the cathode and having an aperture smaller than and coaxial with the annulus formed by the cathode; and an elongated anode having its distal end coaxially of the cathode and the shield aperture, the cathode being shielded from and the anode being exposed to the radiant energy from the radiation source.

Abstract: In a magnetron comprising a cathode electrode, an anode electrode surrounding the cathode electrode and end shields mounted on the opposite ends of the cathode electrode, the inner surfaces of one or both end shields are provided with thin layers of a powder of tungsten, molybdenum, or alloys thereof.

Abstract: An ion thruster beam shield is provided that comprises a cylindrical housing that extends downstream from the ion thruster and a plurality of annular vanes which are spaced along the length of the housing, and extend inwardly from the interior wall of the housing. The shield intercepts and stops all charge exchange and beam ions, neutral propellant, and sputter products formed due to the interaction of beam and shield emanating from the ion thruster outside of a fixed conical angle from the thruster axis. Further, the shield prevents the sputter products formed during the operation of the engine from escaping the interior volume of the shield.

Abstract: In electron beam discharge tubes breakdown in the form of a gaseous arc can occur. An improved form of electrode which protects an insulating support against local high-stress fields is described. The electrode has a conductive shield extending to the other side of an interface between the electrode and the insulating support. A mechanism, the "single surface multipactor effect," which could cause the breakdown is also described.

Abstract: Device on a metallic gas discharge vessel as a current lead-in through its wall. The inner conductor which traverses the container wall is supported by an insulating sleeve. For protection against the action of glow discharges protective gaps are located in front of the insulating sleeve which are formed by an inner insulatedly supported metallic shielding sleeve. A second outer insulatedly arranged shielding sleeve encloses the inner shielding sleeve and forms protective gaps located in front of the inner shielding sleeve. The outer shielding sleeve shields the inner shielding sleeve against the electric field originating from the container wall.

Abstract: A cold-cathode ion source includes a specially shaped hollow anode and specially shaped anode-cathode insulators to preclude the buildup of short-circuiting bridges of sputtered cathode material. When used with solid feed material, the source can also include an oven-anode having cavities for vaporizing the solid feed material and passages connecting the cavities to the bore of the anode. The geometry of the oven-anode provides an increasing temperature gradient from the cavities to the bore that minimizes condensation of vaporized feed material that could block the ports.