Abstract: A wafer cleaning module and a method for cleaning a wafer with the wafer cleaning module are disclosed. For example, the wafer cleaning module includes a wafer chuck to hold a wafer, an ozone source to provide ozone gas towards the wafer, and an ultraviolet (UV) lamp module to provide UV light. The UV lamp module includes a UV light source and a rotatable reflector around the UV light source. The rotatable reflector is movable to adjust an amount of UV light directed towards a surface of the wafer.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating gas discharge tubes. In some embodiments, a method for fabricating a gas discharge tube (GDT) device can include providing or forming an insulator substrate having first and second sides and defining an opening. The method can further include providing or forming a first electrode and a second electrode. The method can further include forming a first glass seal between the first electrode and the first side of the insulator substrate, and a second glass seal between the second electrode and the second side of the insulator substrate, such that the first and second glass seals provide a hermetic seal for a chamber defined by the opening and the first and second electrodes.

Abstract: A triple tube type excimer lamp according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a discharge unit which includes an outer tube having an external electrode on an outer circumferential surface thereof, an inner tube having the same axis as the outer tube, inserted into the outer tube, and having an internal electrode on an inner surface thereof, and one pair of assembly tubes respectively disposed on both sides of the inner tube, and configured to generate light by discharge, a cover tube having a shape surrounding an outer side of the outer tube; and one pair of bases respectively coupled with the one pair of assembly tubes and respectively sealed with both ends of the cover tube.

Abstract: An LED lamp, comprising a base; a lamp envelope coupled to the base; a support module accommodated in the lamp envelope, a first inner cavity being formed between the support module and the lamp envelope, the first inner cavity containing therein a first gas medium; a driver module accommodated in the first inner cavity and coupled to the support module; and an LED inner vessel accommodated in the first inner cavity and coupled to at least one of the support module and the driver module, a sealed second inner cavity being formed within the LED inner vessel, and the second inner cavity containing therein a second gas medium and an LED light source module.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a phototherapeutic apparatus for focused UVB radiation and vitamin D synthesis and associated systems methods. In one embodiment a phototherapeutic apparatus can include a housing at least partially defining an irradiation zone, and an ultraviolet (UV) radiation source carried by the housing. The irradiation zone can be configured to accommodate at least a portion of a human patient. The phototherapeutic apparatus can further include a filter between the UV radiation source and the irradiation zone. The filter can be configured to at least substantially remove UV radiation outside of a predetermined spectrum centered at about 297 nm and having a bandwidth of at most 10 nm.

Abstract: A high PAR maintenance rate type high pressure sodium lamp with an auxiliary starting switch is provided with an external glass tube and a discharge tube which is arranged at the center in the external glass tube and coaxial with the external glass tube. The surface of the discharge tube is provided with a metal lead. The left and right ends of an external glass shell are provided with pressure sealing plates which are fused and sealed through high temperature. The pressure sealing plates are internally provided with conductive sheets. One end of the discharge tube is connected with the conductive sheet of the left end through a left internal conductive support, and the other end is connected with the conductive sheet of the right end through an auxiliary starting switch component.

Abstract: A double-ended high intensity discharge lamp includes a luminous tube and reflective layer covering at a reflective portion provided on at least a portion of aid luminous tube for reflecting light emitted from an illuminator supported in the luminous tube towards the reflective portion to project towards another opposing side of the luminous tube.

Abstract: An enhanced lighting ceramic metal-halide lamp assembly provides a ceramic metal-halide lamp that operates to illuminate at high temperatures, have an increased life span, and improved color temperatures, color renderings, and luminous efficacies. The lamp assembly includes an at least partially transparent container forming a vacuum. Inside the container, a plurality of ceramic arc tubes are connected by two U-shaped coupling mechanisms. The coupling mechanisms are conductive and resilient, so as to provide both conductivity, and a buffering clearance between the ceramic arc tubes. The lamp assembly is also unique in that it provides a 630 watt double ended ceramic metal-halide lamp, as the ceramic arc tube produces 630 watts, uses about 200 volts and 3 Amps when illuminating. At least one fastening bracket, having resiliency, extends between the ceramic arc tube and inner surface of the container to help stabilize the ceramic arc tubes inside the elongated container.

Abstract: An electronics module is attachable to an exterior mirror of a vehicle and supports a camera and/or a display. The electronics module may be an add-on device that is retrofittable to the exterior mirror. The display may be arranged to display an indication of a distance between a back of the vehicle and an object.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a supporting base, and a light-emitting element inserted in the supporting base. The light-emitting element includes a substrate having a supporting surface and a side surface, a light-emitting chip disposed on the supporting surface, and a first wavelength conversion layer covering the light-emitting chip and only a portion of the supporting surface without covering the side surface.

Abstract: An exterior member end cap, to be attached to an end portion of a tubular shaped exterior member from which at least one conductive path is withdrawn, is provided. The exterior member end cap includes a cap main body and a first sealing member. The cap main body is inserted into the exterior member from the end portion so as to be disposed on an outside of the conductive path. The first sealing member has a elasticity, is disposed on an outside of the cap main body in close contact with an outer peripheral surface of the cap main body, is close contact with an inner peripheral surface of the exterior member, and has a continuous bubble structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide glass compositions, fiberizable glass compositions, and glass fibers formed from such compositions, as well as glass strands, yarns, fabrics, and composites comprising such glass fibers adapted for use in various applications. In some embodiments of the present invention, the glass compositions additionally include at least one rare earth oxide.

Abstract: A stranded outer lead wire assembly for a quartz pinch sealed lamp. The stranded outer lead wire assembly is a butt welded connection of a refractory metal outer pinch lead (e.g., molybdenum solid wire) and a stranded soft metal lead wire (e.g., nickel wire strands twisted together). The assembly is prefabricated and then welded to sealing foil to make a four part foliated lead wire assembly for pinch sealing in the quartz outer jacket. The foliated lead wire assembly and a quartz envelope lamp utilizing the stranded outer lead wire assembly are also claimed. The sealing machine is adapted to protect the stranded outer lead assembly with a water cooled sleeve. In an embodiment, the outer end of the stranded lead is fused to prevent fraying.

Abstract: An illumination device includes a supporting base, at least two supports and at least two semiconductor light emitting elements. The supports are disposed on the supporting base and coupled to each other. The semiconductor light emitting elements are respectively coupled to the supports. The semiconductor light emitting element includes a transparent substrate and a light emitting diode (LED) structure. The transparent substrate has a support surface and a second main surface disposed opposite to each other. The LED structure is disposed on the support surface. At least a part of the light emitted from the LED structure may pass through the transparent substrate and emerge from the second main surface.

Abstract: The invention describes a gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a vessel (5), which vessel (5) is partially coated with at least one longitudinal stripe (SH, SH?) arranged on the surface of the vessel (5) below a horizontal plane (P) through a longitudinal axis (X) through the centre of the lamp (1) such that, on each side of the lamp, an angle (?H1, ?H2) subtended at the lamp centre by the horizontal plane (P) and an upper edge (16, 17) of the longitudinal stripe (SH, SH?) on that side of the lamp comprises at least 10°, more preferably at least 13°, most preferably at least 15°.

Abstract: There is herein described a lamp having a light-transmissive envelope, a tungsten-halogen capsule and a coating disposed on the surface of the light-transmissive envelope or doped in the light-transmissive material. The light-transmissive envelope may comprise a light-transmissive material. The tungsten-halogen capsule can be positioned inside the light-transmissive envelope.

Abstract: A vehicle headlight includes a headlight housing including an external lens and an outer wall that define a headlight interior and a lighting element including a light-emitting diode lamp and an internal heatsink coupled to at least a portion of the lamp. The lamp is in thermal communication with the internal heatsink. The lighting element is disposed within the headlight interior and coupled to an element receptacle defined by the outer wall. The internal heatsink of the lighting element is in thermal communication with the external lens.

Abstract: A mercury-free discharge lamp includes a luminous tube, and a pair of electrodes in the luminous tube such that the electrodes face each other in the luminous tube. The discharge lamp also includes a pair of thermal insulation films formed on an outer surface of the luminous tube around the electrodes, respectively. Zinc, halogen, and a noble gas are sealed in the luminous tube. A metal is also sealed in the luminous tube. The metal has a lower ionization energy than zinc. A ratio of a molar density of the metal to a molar density of zinc is 0.001 to 0.05. The mercury-free discharge lamp has a long life and can emit an ultraviolet beam in a short wavelength range (200-350 nm) at a high output and a high luminous efficacy without causing devitrification of the luminous tube.

Abstract: A miniature electrode apparatus is disclosed for trapping charged particles, the apparatus including, along a longitudinal direction: a first end cap electrode; a central electrode having an aperture; and a second end cap electrode. The aperture is elongated in the lateral plane and extends through the central electrode along the longitudinal direction and the central electrode surrounds the aperture in a lateral plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction to define a transverse cavity for trapping charged particles.

Abstract: Structures for LED light bulbs comprise a driver board and a lighting structure having one or more LEDs disposed thereon. The driver board, in a Y shape, can be the circuit board and has a positive terminal and a negative terminal for receiving electrical power. The Y-shaped driver board having two prongs connects to the light structure to power the LEDs thereon. The lighting structure can be in the form of a grid having the LEDs disposed thereon.

Abstract: A method includes determining an operational parameter of a first vehicle traveling with a plurality of vehicles in a transportation network and/or a route in the transportation network, identifying a failure condition of the first vehicle and/or the route based on the operational parameter, obtaining plural different sets of remedial actions that dictate operations to be taken based on the operational parameter, simulating travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network based on implementation of the different sets of remedial actions, determining potential consequences on travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network when the different sets of remedial actions are implemented in the travel that is simulated, and based on the potential consequences, receiving a selection of at least one of the different sets of remedial actions to be implemented in actual travel of the plurality of vehicles in the transportation network.

Abstract: A method for sealing an electric coupling piece (K) against moisture, includes, at an end of the line (1) intended for connection to the coupling piece (K), at least one annular groove extending in the circumferential direction is cut into the casing of the line (1). Prior to injection molding the protective body (9), an O-ring (10) serving as a sealing element is placed into the groove, where the O-ring (10) rests tightly against the lateral borders of the groove (11) with the respective pretension, where the O-ring is of a material which connects tightly and in a moisture proof manner to the insulating material of the finely produced protective body (9).

Abstract: The invention describes a gas-discharge lamp (1) comprising a vessel (5), which vessel is partially coated with an essentially rectangular stripe (Sv) arranged circumferentially on a surface of the vessel, and wherein a first long side (14) of the stripe is situated close to a base (6) of the lamp, and the width (wv) of the stripe is such that a first angle (?v2) subtended at a lamp center between a radius (r) and a point on the first long side (14) of the stripe comprises at most 55°, and a second angle (?v1) subtended at the lamp center between the radius and a point on a second long side (15) of the stripe comprises at most 50°.

Abstract: A long life high pressure arc discharge lamp configuration is disclosed. In some embodiments, the lamp includes a first non-cycling high pressure arc tube having a first ignition aid and a second arc tube electrically connected in parallel to the first arc tube. A lamp envelope is provided about the first and second arc tubes. In some cases, each of the first and second arc tubes is a non-cycling high pressure sodium arc tube, and each is configured with an ignition aid strip running lengthwise down the corresponding arc tube. In some cases, the first and second arc tubes are oriented such that their respective ignition aid strips are effectively 180 degrees+/?90 degrees away from each other, or so that their respective ignition aid strips are effectively 180 degrees+/?5 degrees away from each other. In some such, the second arc tube is a low-pressure arc tube.

Abstract: A light source device includes a light emitting tube having a light emitting section configured to emit light, a first reflecting member configured to reflect the light emitted from the light emitting section, and a rectifying member disposed between the light emitting section and the first reflecting member, and configured to rectify a cooling fluid configured to cool the light emitting tube, and the rectifying member includes a rectifying surface configured to guide the cooling fluid flowing toward the rectifying member to the light emitting section, and a pair of standing surfaces standing from both ends of the rectifying surface.

Abstract: An arc tube light source supported by a discontinuous two-part (top and bottom) frame inside a bulb of an HID lamp is ruggedized to reduce weld breakage under vibration and shock. Each of the top and bottom frames is substantially U-shaped, with the open end of the U-shape being attached by a strap to a pinch of the arc tube. For ruggedization a bracing strap is fixed to, and extends between, two sides of the frame and is welded to a lead wire extending from the pinch. Strength is enhanced if two lead wires extend from the pinch, and the bracing strap is welded to both. Advantageously the two lead wires are sides of a U-shaped wire such as a “U-pin”. Further stabilization may be achieved by using braces attached to both of the top and bottom frames and extended out against surrounding parts of the bulb.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium lamp includes a lamp base, a light admissible housing and a sodium vapor illumination arrangement, which includes a light core extended from the lamp base into the light admissible housing; a supporting frame, and an arc tube. The supporting frame longitudinally extends in the light admissible housing, and has an upper end portion supported by an upper portion of the light admissible housing, and a lower end portion supported by the light core. The arc tube has a first and a second electrode formed at two ends thereof and electrically connected with the upper end portion of the supporting frame and the light core respectively, wherein sodium vapor in the arc tube is electrically excited to discharge light having an intensity equivalent to that generated by more than 1000 W power.

Abstract: A device for determining the conductance of laundry in a drier. The device comprises at least two electrodes and means for dissipating heat from at least one part of at least one of said electrodes. The invention further relates to a drier comprising at least one area for receiving laundry and at least two electrodes for measuring the conductance of the laundry, at least one of the electrodes at least partly bordering said receiving area. Means for cooling at least one part of at least one of the electrodes are also provided inside the drier. Also disclosed is a method for preventing the formation of layers on electrodes used for measuring conductance in a drier.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a discharge lamp comprising at least two tubes or bulbs is disclosed.

Abstract: An LED lamp set and a lighting bulb used thereon are provided. The LED lamp set comprises a plurality of circuit boards, a support post, an ignition circuit and two conducting wires. The circuit boards are spaced from each other in a parallel manner and mounted on the support post in series. Each of the circuit boards is connected to a plurality of LEDs surrounding the support post. The LEDs have a plurality of light emission surfaces tilted outwards. The ignition circuit receives an input power and transforms the input power to an ignition power. The two conducting wires have one end connected to the ignition circuit and linked to the circuit boards in series to ignite the LEDs. The LED lamp set further is coupled with a socket and a lamp shade to form a profile of a lighting bulb compatible to the socket of the ordinary lighting bulbs.

Abstract: Screw-on or slip-on covers, in the form of transparent or translucent plastic sleeves for CFLs functioning as diffusers and cups for handling bulbs during installation, removal and as a safety receptacle for mercury-contaminated broken bulbs. The covers have interior surfaces contoured to the various sizes of CFL tube configurations, spiral or axially folded tubes, so that they are securely retained when screwed or slipped onto the tubes. The inventive covers may be used in any orientation, open end up, down or horizontal, so that they are equally useful for upright CFLs in lamps, horizontally oriented CFLs screwed into wall sockets, or downwardly oriented or angled CFLs screwed into horizontal or sloped ceiling fixtures. The inventive covers function as light diffusers and hide the tubes in more pleasing external shapes. Attractive sleeve colors, designs and surface textures are disclosed. Shades and shade frames may be secured to the inventive CFL covers.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for starting a discharge lamp are disclosed. In some embodiments, a lamp has an outer envelope connected at one end to a base and enclosing multiple double-ended arc tubes. Each arc tube is electrically connected at one end to an electrical lead positioned proximate the base of the lamp and at the other end to an electrical lead positioned proximate the distal end of the envelope. A voltage pulse is applied to the electrical lead positioned proximate the distal end of the envelope. Random starting of the arc tubes may thus be effected so that each arc tube is about equally likely to start, promoting uniformity of arc tube usage and long lamp life. Multiple arc tubes may be bulbous and staggered in axial displacement for space efficiency, and a diffusing shroud may improve optical characteristics. A heat barrier may facilitate fast restrikes.

Abstract: A metal vapor discharge lamp comprising an arc tube, an airtight tube housing the arc tube, and a base bonded to one end of the airtight tube with use of an adhesive, wherein the airtight tube is covered by a protective tube to improve safety as compared to a case where the protective tube is simply bonded to the base with an adhesive. The protective tube is fixed to the base with a double fall-off prevention structure, and latched to the base when a force including gravity and inertia acts on the protective tube toward the closed end of the protective tube in the axial direction thereof. The above-described structure eliminates the need of arranging the protective wall for securing the safety on the side of a lighting device on which the metal vapor discharge lamp is to be fixed, thereby preventing the lighting device from becoming large in size.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high pressure sodium lamp comprising an evacuated cover including a base part, an arc tube comprising a first and a second electrode each being connected to the base part via conductor members. At least one conductor member is arranged isolated by a shielding member for preventing, during operation of the high pressure sodium lamp, the photo electronic stream from the at least one conductor member to the arc tube. The lamp comprises a second arc tube.

Abstract: A quick start energy-saving fluorescent lamp comprising a bulb holder assembly, a light tube, a glass shade, a protruding cold end, a thermal insulation glue, and an amalgam vapor source. The protruding cold end is disposed at the front end of the light tube and contacts with the glass shade. The thermal insulation glue is disposed outside and around the cold end. The amalgam vapor source is disposed inside the cold end. The lamp can work at high temperature with low temperature amalgam vapor source and maintain high luminous efficiency, and the lamp can reach the rated brightness quickly. A method for producing the lamp is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the electrotechnical industry. Said invention makes it possible to reduce the production cost of, and improve the quality of, gas-discharge reflector lamps. The inventive gas-discharge reflector lamp comprises a light bulb and a burner arranged on current leads into the bulb. At least one half of the bulb's internal surface is coated with a reflective layer in such a way that a plane crossing the parallel edges thereof is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the burner. The bulb is embodied in the form of an ellipsoid. In the area delimited by the bulb neck and dome, the transversal edges of the reflecting layer are located on the cross-sections where the bulb neck and dome gradually transform into the ellipsoidal section, The plane passing through the longitudinal edges of the reflecting layer are located from the bulb axis at a distance H and falls in the range of 0.04-0.11 of the bulb maximum diameter D.

Abstract: A lamp with an outer bulb in which a base (30) includes a base main body (32) having a contact terminal (31) electrically connected with a receptacle and an attaching member (33) fitted to the base main body (32) in a state of retaining the lamp main body (10) and an outer bulb (20), the attaching member (33) has an insertion hole (34) formed therethrough for inserting and retaining a pinch seal (14), and a flange (36) for abutment with the opening end (21) of the outer bulb formed at the outer peripheral surface (35) thereof, and a joint portion (40) is formed for engaging the outer peripheral surface of the attaching member (33) and the inner peripheral surface (23) of the outer bulb (21).

Abstract: An integrated reflector lamp (1) comprising an outer wall (3,9,13) enclosing a light source (6), a metal reflector (7), and an electronic power supply unit (4) to which the light source (6) is connected, wherein the reflector (7) extends between the light source (6) and the electronic power supply unit (4). Said outer wall (3,9,13) comprises a substantially conical portion (3) and a transparent portion (9) that covers the opening of said conical portion (3). The reflector (7) also covers the opening of said conical portion (3). The reflector (7) and the transparent portion (9) enclose the light source (6), the reflector (7) and the conical portion (3) enclose the electronic power supply unit (4).

Abstract: A lamp with an outer bulb is provided. The outer bulb is attached to an attaching member of a base by simple and convenient fabrication, and reliably prevents detachment of the outer bulb from the attaching member. An outer peripheral surface of a supporting post formed to the attaching member of the base and an inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb define a gap therebetween that may receive a heat resistant adhesive or filler. Convex portions facing the gap may be formed to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting post and the inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb, respectively, and a joint body for joining the outer bulb and the supporting post is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting post and the inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb by the adhesive or filler in the gap.

Abstract: A lamp in which an inner bulb containing a light emitting tube or a light emitting filament and an outer bulb containing the inner bulb are attached coaxially to a base, and a spacer made of a thin metal sheet is attached to an exhaust tube protruding from a central region at the top end of the inner bulb coaxially supporting the inner bulb to the outer bulb. The spacer has a central plate formed with an aperture allowing the exhaust tube to be inserted through the central plate, and a plurality of fingers protruding inward along the inner periphery of the aperture, and three or more strips, each branched radially outward from the central plate and formed in a curved shape coaxially supporting the inner bulb and the outer bulb.

Abstract: An improved germicidal lamp of the type containing mercury, having a ceramic base, and disposed in, and preventing contact with, a transparent quartz sleeve to prevent formation of a cold spot in the germicidal lamp caused by an undesirable thermal transfer between the lamp and the sleeve and which causes condensation of the mercury at the cold spot in the germicidal lamp. The improvement includes the ceramic base having a circumferential groove therearound, and a thermally insulating ring siting in the circumferential groove of the ceramic base so as to prevent the ceramic base from contacting the sleeve to prevent formation of the cold spot in the germicidal lamp caused by the undesirable thermal transfer between the lamp and the sleeve and prevent the condensation of the mercury at the cold spot in the germicidal lamp.

Abstract: A PAR38 light source assembly for use with a fixture having PAR38 socket connected to a ballast circuit for generating a ballast voltage. An electrically insulating housing supports a PAR38 screw base and encloses a CMH lamp and a circuit board providing a high voltage to ignite or re-ignite the lamp. The housing supports a reflector a lens wherein the lens, the reflector and the housing form an electrically insulating enclosure so that the PAR38 screw base is the only electrically conductive portion.

Abstract: A device for determining the conductance of laundry in a drier. The device comprises at least two electrodes (2) and means for dissipating heat from at least one part of at least one of said electrodes (2). The invention further relates to a drier comprising at least one area (5) for receiving laundry and at least two electrodes (2) for measuring the conductance of the laundry, at least one of the electrodes (2) at least partly bordering said receiving area (5). Means for cooling at least one part of at least one of the electrodes (2) are also provided inside the drier. Also disclosed is a method for preventing the formation of layers on electrodes (2) used for measuring conductance in a drier.

Abstract: An assembly for an electric lamp with an elongated inner bulb, which is sealed at two ends, the inner bulb including a lamp axis, and a light-emitter being accommodated in the inner bulb, the inner bulb being surrounded by an outer bulb, wherein the outer bulb is substantially circular-cylindrical, and includes two parts, at least one part having a rounded-off, sealed first end, and the two parts each having an open second end, which ends are matched to one another in terms of diameter, and the parts being connected to one another in the region of the open end via a certain sealing path, the inner bulb being held in the outer bulb via two frame wires, which are passed out of the outer bulb between the two parts.

Abstract: A flat panel OLED device including a transparent deformable substrate having first and second sides and defining a predetermined illumination region and a non-illumination region; a moisture-sensitive OLED disposed over the first side of the transparent substrate within the illumination region and means for applying electrical signals to the OLED which causes the OLED to produce light and heat; a protective layer disposed over the OLED; a flexible encapsulating foil disposed over the protective layer, but not attached thereto; and a rigid chassis structure operatively associated with the transparent deformable substrate for dissipating the heat and providing rigidity to the transparent deformable substrate.

Abstract: A flat panel OLED device including a transparent deformable substrate having first and second sides and defining a predetermined illumination region and a non-illumination region; a moisture-sensitive OLED disposed over the first side of the transparent substrate within the illumination region and means for applying electrical signals to the OLED which causes the OLED to produce light and heat; a protective layer disposed over the OLED; a flexible encapsulating foil disposed over the protective layer, but not attached thereto, and which dissipates the heat and sealingly connected to the substrate in the non-illumination region; and a rigid chassis structure operatively associated with the transparent deformable substrate for providing rigidity to the transparent deformable substrate.

Abstract: A discharge lamp for a vehicle is provided with a ceramic luminous tube, a front side electrode and a rear side electrode held by the ceramic luminous tube, a first lead wire connected to the front side electrode, a second lead wire connected to the rear side electrode, a third lead wire having a front end portion connected to the first lead wire, an outer tube, and a socket. The ceramic luminous tube, the first lead wire, the second lead wire and the third lead wire are accommodated in the outer tube. The ceramic luminous tube includes a luminous portion and a pair of small diameter tube portions. The luminous portion is formed into a substantially cylindrical shape extending in a longitudinal direction. The third lead wire includes a horizontal portion extending in the longitudinal direction above the luminous portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mercury-free low pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel having an ionizable filling. The surface temperature of the discharge vessel, and thus the temperature of the ionizable filling, can be adjusted at least in some sections such that an emitting substance can produce the radiation required for the excitation of the luminescent substance. The temperature of the fluid is preferably adjusted in a temperature control circuit, using a temperature sensor, a pump and a heating device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a discharge vessel of a quartz glass for discharge lamps with a diffusion barrier inner layer of silicon oxide, which as a single layer is applied and/or is generated on the inner surface as well as to a method for generating and/or applying such a diffusion barrier inner layer and to the use of such a discharge vessel.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp according to the present invention includes: an outer tube 2; an inner tube 3 that is provided in the outer tube 2, has a sealing portion 10 in at least one end portion, and is made of quartz glass; an inner tube 3 provided in the outer tube 2; and an arc tube 4 provided in the inner tube 3, wherein assuming that the outer tube 2 has a maximum outer diameter A (mm), the inner tube 3 has a maximum outer diameter B (mm), and the metal halide lamp 1 consumes P (W) of power, the following relationships are satisfied: 0.06P+15.8?A?25, 0.05P+9.0?B, and 1.14?A/B, where P satisfies 20 W?P?130 W.