Abstract: The invention relates to the technology of semiconductor lighting, and in particular, to a drive power supply for LED incandescent lamp and a LED incandescent lamp comprising the drive power supply. The drive power supply for LED incandescent lamp according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: an end cap, on an outer surface of which is disposed a pair of pins, the pair of pins being hollow and in communication with an interior of the end cap; a base plate located in the end cap, a pair of lead wires are disposed on one of the surfaces of the base plate, and each lead wire is inserted into a corresponding pin respectively and is fixed to an inner wall of the pin; a LED drive circuit module located on the base plate, which is electrically connected to the lead wires.

Abstract: The invention comprises a charged particle beam path coupling an injector, synchrotron accelerator, beam transport system, targeting system, and/or patient interface method and apparatus. Preferably, the injector comprises: a negative ion beam source, a two phase ion source vacuum system, an ion beam focusing lens, and/or a tandem accelerator. Preferably, the synchrotron comprises turning magnets, edge focusing magnets, magnetic field concentration magnets, winding and correction coils, flat magnetic field incident surfaces, and/or extraction elements.

Abstract: A gas-discharge lamp (1) is described having two electrodes (4, 5) that project into the discharge vessel (3) of the lamp. The lamp further comprises an outer envelope (18) that surrounds the discharge vessel (3), with an airtight seal, while leaving an outer cavity (20) between itself and the discharge vessel (3) and that is filled with a gas at a pressure of not more than 1,000 mbar. In the outer cavity (20), there is a single conductor, electrically connected to one of the electrodes, that is in direct contact with the gas filling in the cavity (20) to allow a high-voltage pulse to be applied for igniting a discharge between the conductor and its surroundings. Also described are a method of operating a gas-discharge lamp of this kind and various methods of producing gas-discharge lamps of this kind.

Abstract: The invention relates to treatment of solid cancers. More particularly, the invention relates to a combined rotation/raster method, referred to as multi-field charged particle cancer therapy. The system uses a fixed orientation proton source relative to a rotating patient to yield tumor irradiation from multiple directions. The system combines layer-wise tumor irradiation from many directions with controlled energy proton irradiation to deliver peak proton beam energy within a selected tumor volume or irradiated slice. Optionally, the selected tumor volume for irradiation from a given angle is a distal portion of the tumor. In this manner ingress Bragg peak energy is circumferentially spread about the tumor minimizing damage to healthy tissue and peak proton energy is efficiently, accurately, and precisely delivered to the tumor.

Abstract: The borosilicate glass with improved solarization-resistance has a transmittance curve within an area bounded by respective curves defined by the corresponding equations ?=1.7·(??277) and ?=1.6·(??284) in a wavelength range of 283 nm to 325 nm. This glass has a composition, in wt. % based on oxide content, of: 55-82, SiO2; 10-20, B2O3; 1-10, Al2O3; 0-5, Li2O; 0-10, Na2O; 0-10, K2O; 0-10, ?M2O; 0-5, MgO; 0-10, CaO; 0-5, SrO; 0-15, BaO; 0-15, ?MO; 0-3, ZrO2; 0-5, ZnO; 0-2, CeO2; 0-3, WO3; 0-2, SnO2: 0-0.1, Fe2O3; 0.05-2, MoO3; 0-5, Bi2O3; 0-1, TiO2 and 0-5, oxides of selected rare earth and Group IVB to VIIIB elements. The transmittance is adjusted by varying the MoO3 content and if necessary the TiO2 and Bi2O3 content. The glass is especially suitable for use in a weathering apparatus.

Abstract: The invention comprises a proton beam positioning method and apparatus used in conjunction with multi-axis charged particle radiation therapy of cancerous tumors. The proton beam verification system allows for monitoring of the actual proton beam position in real-time without destruction of the proton beam. The system includes a coating or thin layer substantially in contact with a foil covering the end of an exit nozzle or is a layer located after the x- and y-axis proton beam scanning controllers and before the patient. The coating yields a measurable spectroscopic response, spatially viewable by the detector, as a result of transmission by the proton beam. The proton beam position is monitored by the detector and compared to the calibration and/or treatment plan to verify accurate proton delivery to the tumor and/or as a proton beam shutoff safety indicator.

Abstract: A lamp with an outer bulb is provided. The outer bulb is attached to an attaching member of a base by simple and convenient fabrication, and reliably prevents detachment of the outer bulb from the attaching member. An outer peripheral surface of a supporting post formed to the attaching member of the base and an inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb define a gap therebetween that may receive a heat resistant adhesive or filler. Convex portions facing the gap may be formed to the outer peripheral surface of the supporting post and the inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb, respectively, and a joint body for joining the outer bulb and the supporting post is defined between the outer peripheral surface of the supporting post and the inner peripheral surface of the outer bulb by the adhesive or filler in the gap.

Abstract: Disclosed is an intense pulse light device, in which plural divided light filters coated with individually different materials are rotatably and uniformly aligned around a reflection mirror in order to selectively filter lights according to wavelengths thereof, so that it is not necessary to exchange a handle body or filters, thereby improving convenience of use for the IPL device, and in which the loose contact of power lines and signal lines, leakage of cooling water, and penetration of impurities can be prevented, thereby improving reliability of IPL device. A semicircular reflection mirror aligned around a flash lamp installed in a body and a light filter section is aligned around the reflection mirror while forming a predetermined space therebetween. The light filter section is uniformly divided into two or four light filters so as to increase selectivity for the light radiated from flash lamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing partial layers on lamp bulbs, in which method functional layers are provided in thin-film technology, and which method includes at least providing a temporary layer on that region of the lamp bulb which will have no functional layer in the operational state of the lamp, subsequently providing the functional layer on the entire surface of the lamp bulb, and detaching the temporary layer together with the functional layer present thereon.

Abstract: The HID lamp mount has a discharge tube with two ends. A shroud surrounds the tube. Shroud clips position the shroud ends. The shroud clips have arcuate portions engaging the shroud periphery and transverse portions spanning the shroud diameter and grasping and positioning the tube ends. A shroud rod attaches between the clips to maintain their positioning. An electrical lead-in connects the second electrode terminus and has a first leg extending transversely from the terminus and a second leg extending parallel to the electrode. An offset electrical lead-in connects the first electrode terminus, and has a first section extending transversely to the first electrode, a second section extending parallel to the shroud, a third section extending toward the shroud, and a fourth section extending parallel to the shroud. An offset electrical lead-in retaining clip is affixed to the shroud and the fourth section of the offset electrical lead-in retaining clip.

Abstract: The process comprises the provision of a discharge vessel (2) which is closed off on one side, fitting a second tube over part of the discharge vessel and evacuating and filling the volume of the outer bulb via a pumping hole, which remains open in the second extension part within the second tube. This pumping hole is only closed at the end by means of an operation which closes it by rolling.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a visual lightning effect includes a first chamber and a second chamber, where a passageway connects the first chamber and the second chamber. An inert gas is provided within the first chamber, the second chamber, and the passageway. A first contact is located external to the first chamber; and a second contact is located external to the second chamber, wherein an electrode provides a charge to the second contact, wherein the charge causes an electrical discharge between the second contact and the first contact via channels provided by fill material located within the second chamber that traverses the passageway to the first chamber, thereby resulting in the brilliant visual lightning effect.

Abstract: A heat controlled ultraviolet light apparatus includes a source of ultraviolet light, a cover, and a heating or cooling element that heats/cools the space or gap between the ultraviolet light source and the cover. Accordingly, the ultraviolet light source may be maintained at an optimal temperature thereby maximizing the efficiency of the ultraviolet light source in producing ultraviolet radiation. The apparatus may further include a temperature sensor and a control circuit to automatically control production of heat/cooling by the element based upon the ambient temperatures experienced by the ultraviolet light source during use. Methods are also provided for sanitizing heating and cooling coils of various devices such as an HVAC system, and cooling systems such as a refrigeration unit and an evaporative cooler.

Abstract: A light source device in which the operating characteristic of the auxiliary light source can be improved, in which the starting property within the main discharge vessel is extremely advantageous and which has high reliability with respect to vibration resistance and impact strength without the disadvantage of a cost increase due to the complicated arrangement of the light source device, without reducing the proportion of good articles in the manufacture of the products, and without reducing the quality of the discharge lamp is achieved using a main discharge lamp mounted in a reflector with an auxiliary light source tightly held by the reflector or components which are adjacent to the reflector and without contact with the main discharge vessel.

Abstract: A flat luminescence lamp includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a second substrate having a first surface disposed facing opposite to the first surface of the first substrate, a first luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the first substrate, a second luminescence layer formed on the first surface of the second substrate, and a plurality of grooves formed on the second surface of the first substrate.

Abstract: Described is a high intensity discharge lamp which may include a lamp bulb envelope, first and second electrodes, a seal and a fill situated within the lamp bulb envelope. The lamp bulb envelope is composed of single crystal sapphire tubing. The envelope has a tubular burst pressure of at least 4,500 psi at 1,400° C. and a maximum tensile strength of 56,000 psi at 1,400° C. The lamp bulb envelope includes end portions of a first diameter (e.g., between 2 mm and 25 mm) and a central portion having a second diameter (e.g., between 2.1 mm and 100 mm) being greater than the first diameter. The end portions may be substantially cylindrical tube shape and the central portion is substantially smooth three-dimensional shape (e.g., an ellipsoidal shape, a spherical shape, etc.). The first and second electrodes extend through opposite ends of the lamp bulb envelope so that at least a portion of each of the first and second electrodes is situated within the lamp bulb envelope.

Abstract: An electric discharge lamp includes a light transmissive inner jacket that defines a sealed inner chamber, a first material in the inner chamber that emits light when activated, and a light transmissive outer jacket around the inner jacket. The outer jacket defines a sealed outer chamber between the inner and outer jackets that contains a second fill material. The second fill material, when activated by heat from the inner chamber when the lamp is operating, converts ultraviolet (UV) and deep blue light emitted from the inner chamber to visible light, thereby increasing an amount of visible light transmitted through the outer jacket compared to an amount of visible light transmitted through the inner jacket.

Abstract: A colored filter, capable of emitting stable and bluish white light without causing a pigment to peel off even after use for many hours, and easily mountable in a xenon lamp or a halogen lamp. The colored filter includes a cylindrical body defining a slit along the full length thereof. The cylindrical body is fitted over the outer periphery of a glass tube of the lamp. The interior surface of the cylindrical body is uniformly coated with a baked-on coloring composition composed of a pigment and a flux.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and apparatus for heat pipe cooling of an excimer lamp. In one embodiment, a heat pipe is used to dissipate heat from an excimer lamp. The heat pipe is in direct contact with at least one electrode of the excimer lamp. In one embodiment, heat is transferred through the heat pipe to a cooling point that is electrically isolated from the lamp. In one embodiment, dissipation of heat from the cooling point is done by conventional means. In one embodiment, the heat pipe is on the inside of the lamp. In another embodiment, a heat pipe is attached to the outside of an excimer lamp. In another embodiment, two heat pipes are used, one on the inside and one on the outside of an excimer lamp. In yet another embodiment, a heat pipe is used with a flat lamp.

Abstract: A light source unit includes (a) a light source having a main surface through which a light emitted from the light source passes towards an object, (b) a light-permeable substrate located between the main surface of the light source and the object, (c) a first seal sandwiched between the main surface of the light source and a surface of the light-permeable substrate and defining a first closed space together with the main surface and the surface of the light-permeable substrate, the first closed space being in vacuum, and (d) a heat radiator equipped with the light source for outwardly radiating heat generated in the light source.

Abstract: A miniature or subminiature incandescent lamp designed to operate with an energy source of 20 volts or less includes a filament enclosed in a first glass envelope and supported by a pair of metal contact pins. A first glass bead seals the envelope and has a pair of openings through which the metal contact pins penetrate and wherein they are hermetically sealed. A second glass bead of low melting solder glass is larger than the first bead and is sealed below the first bead and extends circumferentially beyond the perimeter of the first bead. A third bead of high melting glass is disposed below the second bead also in sealing relationship with the second bead. The outside perimeter of the third bead is substantially co-extensive with that of the second bead. A second glass envelope is sealed to the outside perimeter of the second bead and is also in abutting relationship with the third bead. The interior of the first envelope is evacuated or contains an inert gas of the type normally used in incandescent lamps.

Abstract: A high pressure electric discharge lamp adapted to utilize dielectric barrier discharges can include an arc tube having a discharge space that contains at least a rare gas and an outer tube airtightly surrounding the arc tube. At least one material selected from Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 and N2 or a mixture thereof that are apt to produce a dielectric barrier discharge can be filled in the space between the arc tube and the outer tube at pressure preferably between 1.3 and 100 [kPa] and more preferably between 40 and 80 [kPa]. The type and the pressure of the rare gas contained in the space is selected as to make the dielectric barrier discharge starting voltage in the space lower than the discharge starting voltage in the discharge space.

Abstract: An improved high pressure halogen filament lamp is disclosed. The lamp has a filament tube attached to a base, and an outer envelope encompassing the filament tube. Reductions to the gas fill pressures of the outer envelope and filament tube increase the probability that the coated outer envelope will contain the fragments of the filament tube in cases involving explosive failure of the filament tube.

Abstract: A ceramic metal halide arc tube is surrounded by a protective sleeve supported by a metal frame having current carrying wire frame members brazed into the metal ferrules of a PAR-lamp. Each frame member has an S-shaped bend which engages the lower end of the sleeve, and a spacer separates the upper ends of the frame to create a rigid self-supporting structure.

Abstract: Metal halide lamp includes an arc tube and a surrounding tubular quartz sleeve between a pair of parallel wire frame members mounted to a glass stem containing current supply leads. The sleeve is provided with two pairs of diametrically opposed apertures, each pair of apertures receiving an elongate wire U-clip which engages a pinched end of the arc tube inside the sleeve and the frame members outside the sleeve. Distal ends of each U-clip are welded to a frame member to fix the position of the arc tube and the sleeve.

Abstract: A light source(10) includes a bulb (14) having a pair of outer leads (16,17) extending therefrom in parallel and sealed directly in the glass stem (22), whereby the outer leads (16,17) and the input leads in the glass stem (22) are the same. A protective shroud (30) surrounding the light source (10) may be supported by a metal member (40) welded to one of the leads between the stem (22) and the light source (10). The metal member carries a strap (43) seated in a circumferential constriction (36) of the shroud (30), which may be a commercially available glass vial. In another embodiment, horseshoe-shaped members (18,19) having mutually opposed concavities are welded to respective leads (16,17) and a shroud (30) is locally heated to form a circumferential constriction (36) which shrinks into the concavities, thereby supporting the shroud internally. Alternatively, the shroud can be shrunk directly against the pinch (15) so that it converges toward the open end (35) where it engages leads (16,17).

Abstract: Liquid-cooled discharge lamps of, for example, UV type are employed for sterilising objects, for example, packaging containers for foods. In lamps displaying a U-shaped luminant body and with a surrounding liquid container or envelope, cooling is improved according to the invention in that the base is provided with inflow and outflow channels for liquid, an inflow channel being directed towards the curved section of the luminant body. Whereby, cooling of the warmest section of the luminant body will be optimised, which results in a considerably lengthened service life for the lamp.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric luminaire having a luminaire housing 0, 11) and at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (12) as well as an operating device for operating the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (12), the operating device having lamp-side (19a) and line-side electric terminals (19e, 19f) for supplying voltage to the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (12) and to the operating device. According to the invention, the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (12) is fastened to the luminaire housing (10) with the aid of an adhesive means (13), preferably by means of a double-sided adhesive tape. Moreover, according to the invention the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp (12) is uncapped and has a plurality of supply leads (14a, 14b, 14c, 14d) which project from its discharge vessel and are connected according to the invention in each case to one of the lamp-side electric terminals (19a) of the operating device.

Abstract: A power-saving discharge lamp 1 wherein gap control material 6 is provided in a clearance between an internal bulb 2 and an external bulb 5, having a smaller thickness than the dimension of the clearance. Nonuniformity of the clearance between the both bulbs caused by difficulties in supporting the internal bulb 2 while welding the external bulb 5 is eliminated and a suitable clearance is automatically provided by the gap control material 6 to prevent degradation of the heat insulation effect.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting structure having an inner glass envelope and an outer glass envelope surrounding the inner glass envelope, an ionizable gas contained within the volume between the inner and outer glass envelopes, an electrode structure disposed on the inside surface of the inner glass envelope, a phosphor coating disposed on the outside surface of the inner glass envelope, and an ultraviolet reflective coating on the inside surface of the outer glass envelope. Excitation of the electrode structure causes discharge of the ionizable gas that produces ultraviolet radiation, which in turn excites the phosphor coating to emit visible light.

Abstract: Heat transfer means are disclosed to remove heat from a fused quartz arc tube being employed as the light source in an electric discharge lamp. The heat removal is carried out during lamp operation with a fused quartz protuberance that cooperates to remove heat being conducted through the arc tube walls. Various lamp embodiments are disclosed whereby such fused quartz protuberance is physically disposed adjacent the hot spot region of the arc tube in a xenon-metal halide lamp.

Abstract: A double jacket arc lamp is disclosed. A double jacket arc lamp may be formed with an electric lamp capsule having an inner light transmissive envelope with electrical leads extending from the inner envelope through a first seal, and a second light transmissive envelope sealed to the inner envelope at a second seal to substantially surround the electric lamp capsule and form an enclosed volume between a portion of the exterior of the inner envelope and the interior of the outer envelope, and leaving the leads unenclosed by the outer envelope. The lamp leads then pass through only one seal, and have no portions exposed in the intermediate insulating volume. The intermediate volume of the double jacket arc lamp may include a fill gas including a noninert component. In particular, the fill gas may include oxygen which is thought to have useful gettering and glass preservation attributes. The use of oxygen in the fill gas allows the lamp to operate at a higher temperature, and therefore more efficiently.

Abstract: A double jacket arc lamp is disclosed. A double jacket arc lamp may be formed with an electric lamp capsule having an inner light transmissive envelope with electrical lead extending from the inner envelope through a first seal, and a second light transmissive envelope sealed to the inner envelope at a second seal to substantially surround the electric lamp capsule and form an enclosed volume between a portion of the exterior of the inner envelope and the interior of the outer envelope, and leaving the leads unenclosed by the outer envelope. The lamp leads then pass through only one seal, and have no portions exposed in the intermediate insulating volume. The inner capsule is then aligned once, while still being for the most part protected by a double envelope.

Abstract: A high intensity discharge metal vapor lamp comprising an arc tube having an inner chamber vented to the arc tube and disposed therein is disclosed. The combination of the arc tube and inner chamber being of a double wall construction confines the arc condition occurring between thermionic electrodes to be within the inner chamber. The inner chamber is operated at an increased wall temperature, relative to a conventional arc tube, while at the same time reducing the typically experienced sodium losses that normally occur for increased wall temperature operation. Ceramic evaporation at elevated temperatures from the inner chamber can be rendered innocuous by deposition on a similar material utilized in the arc tube. The characteristics of the arc tube allows for improved methods of its operation such as a pulsed operation at a relatively high rate of 1 to 20 KHz so as to achieve a relatively high color temperature. If desired, the arc tube may be operated in a d.c.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp having cylindrical or elliptical envelope containing a rare gas atmosphere as the starter gas and mercury and other volatile metals. The luminous output of this high intensity discharge lamp is increased by the presence of a magnetic field which spreads the arc discharge throughout the lamp envelope.

Abstract: Transverse mounting of the arc tube within the lamp jacket is effected through a mount featuring a hinged selflatching attachment of the arc tube to a support rod extending the length of the jacket and serving also as electrical connector to one electrode. A flexible connector makes connection to the other electrode. During manufacture the hinges permit the arc tube to be folded in line with the support rod for passage through the neck and then to be transversely erected in the jacket, and the latch thereupon locks the arc tube in the transverse attitude.

Abstract: A high pressure sodium vapor discharge lamp having an arc tube coaxially mounted within an outer glass envelope by means including a coiled spring engaging one end of the arc tube and coaxially disposed in the partially compressed state between that end of the arc tube and a dome portion of the outer envelope. In one embodiment the dome of the outer envelope is disk-shaped and a large diameter end of the coiled spring bearing against the dome is constrained in a coaxially centered position by the sidewalls of the outer envelope. In another embodiment, the dome of the outer envelope is provided with an inwardly projecting dimple about which the coiled spring is coaxially fitted to provide self-centering of the arc tube. The partially compressed spring compensates for arc tube length variations and thermal expansion.

Abstract: An arc discharge lamp comprises a source of UV emission and a chamber external thereto. The chamber contains gaseous molecules which absorb the UV emission and are raised to a highly excited state, from which they relax to the ground state through an intermediate energy state. The transition from either the highly excited state to the intermediate state, or from the intermediate state to the ground state, is accompanied by emission of visible light.