Abstract: The present specification provides a compound having a spiro structure and an organic light emitting device including the same.

Abstract: The present specification provides a novel compound capable of greatly enhancing lifespan, efficiency, electrochemical stability and thermal stability of an organic electronic device, and an organic electronic device containing the compound in an organic compound layer.

Abstract: This X-ray tube device includes an anode and a cathode including an emitter emitting an electron to the anode. The emitter includes an electron emission portion in a flat plate shape, a pair of terminal portions extending from the electron emission portion, connected to an electrode, and a supporting portion provided separately from the terminal portions, insulated from the electrode, supporting the electron emission portion.

Abstract: A lamp (10), which can be used in rapid thermal processing (RTP), has a lamp envelope (12) arrayed along a longitudinal axis (14) and has a top (16) and a bottom (18). A first coiled-coil filament (20) having a first lead-in (20a) and a second coiled-coil filament (22) having a second lead-in (22a), are parallelly arrayed to each other and to the longitudinal axis (14) within the envelope (12). A serial connector (24) joins the first and second filaments; and an electrically insulating support (26) is positioned near the bottom (18) of the lamp envelope (12). The first lead-in (20a), the second lead-in (22a) and at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) are sealed within the insulating support 26 whereby the first and second lead-ins (20a, 22a) and the at least a portion (24a) of the serial connector (24) provide the only support for the first and second filaments (20, 22).

Abstract: A filament member configured to discharge thermions may be employed in an ion source of an ion implantation apparatus. A filament member may include an anode disposed around a central portion of the filament member, a cathode disposed around a periphery of the filament and/or enclosing the anode, and at least one conductive path disposed between the anode and the cathode to discharge the thermions.

Abstract: An ignition aid (50, 60, 70, 80, 100, 120, 130, 150, 160, or 170) is provided for an HID lamp (20). Particularly the ignition aid includes an electrically conductive coil or coil portions wrapped around selected portions of the arc tube to act as the ignition aid and lower the breakdown voltage. In other embodiments, starting aids, and particularly one or more turns of the conductive coil or coil portions support the arc tube within an opening of a surrounding shroud (90) and thereby control the spacing between the arc tube (20) and the shroud (90). This limits the maximum thermal stress of the arc tube within a desired range.

Abstract: To allow an image display device which includes a plurality of distance holding members (spacers) which are arranged in the inside of a display region to acquire a prolonged lifetime, high brightness and high reliability while preventing charging of the spacers, a conductive film is arranged on a bottom surface of the spacer and the conductive film is covered with an adhesive material.

Abstract: A cap can comprise an aperture, and an attenuator may block the aperture during at least one point in time. In one embodiment, the attenuator can include a cover that may be displaced by a spring. In another embodiment, such as an electron gun, may comprise a support cap with an aperture, a displaceable cover that may cover the aperture, and a spring. A material attached to the spring and acting as a fuse may release the spring and expose the aperture after an electrical current blows the “fuse”. In yet another embodiment, a method for using a tube may comprise evacuating the tube while a cover covers an aperture in the support cap of a electron gun that is at least partially in the tube and moving the cover to expose the aperture after the tube is sealed.

Abstract: A light source with a sealed, light-transmissive tube filled with high pressure gases or high pressure gas mixtures and a microhollow cathode (MHC) discharge capable of excimer production are provided.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent discharge lamp is disclosed, which includes a first glass substrate having a plurality of electrodes to apply a voltage, a second glass substrate deposited with a first phosphor film on a surface opposite to the first glass substrate, a hollow spacer formed between the first and second glass substrates, having a window on at least one side, and a second phosphor film deposited on inner and outer sides of the spacer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel driving system and method for a display panel having a first common electrode and first independent electrodes arranged at a back plate side, a second common electrode and second independent electrodes arranged at a face plate side, an inner partition positioned between the first common and independent electrodes at the back plate side and the second common and independent electrodes at the face plate side and having an aperture therein connecting a space at the back plate side and a space at the face plate side, and a fluorescent layer arranged in the space at the face plate side.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a substrate, an electron-emitting device, a wiring electrode for applying an input signal to the electron-emitting device, and an image forming member to which an electron emitted from the electron-emitting device is irradiated. An acceleration electrode is provided opposite to the substrate, and a potential defining electrode is provided between the acceleration electrode and the substrate. A second support member connects the potential defining electrode and the acceleration electrode, and a first support member connects the wiring electrode and the potential defining electrode. The second support member has a semiconductive material surface, and the first support member has a resistance greater than that of the second support member by ten times or more.

Abstract: A magnetron includes a cylindrically shaped cathode having an electron emitting surface and a filamentary heater adapted to raise the temperature of the emitting surface sufficient to permit thermionic electron emission therefrom. The filamentary heater comprises a first filament support member having an axial shaft coaxially disposed within the support sleeve and is coupled at an end thereof to a portion of the support sleeve. The first filament support member has a plurality of first tines extending from an opposite end of the axial shaft. A second filament support member has an axial shaft coaxially disposed within the support sleeve along a common axis with the axial shaft of the first filament support member. The second filament support member has a plurality of second tines extending from an end of the axial shaft in substantial alignment with the first tines.

Abstract: An electron gun without deviation of diameter between grids, having a good object point diameter shape, and having a high cut-off voltage, which is cheap and has high performance, and a cathode ray tube provided with the same. The electron gun is provided with a spacer of a columnar shape which has surfaces facing each other on its two end surfaces, a beam aperture penetrating the spacer between the end surfaces, and conductive films provided on the two end surfaces, in which at least the circumferential wall of the beam aperture is constituted by a high resistance conductive material, the conductive films being used to constitute the grids and the beam aperture being constituted as an aperture for an electron beam.

Abstract: An integrated circuit vacuum tube array includes an insulating or highly resistive substrate, electrically conductive materials disposed on the substrate to define and surround a plurality of first voids extending from the substrate upwardly through the material, a plurality of cathodes disposed on the material to bridge over the respective first voids, for emitting electrons when heated by circuitry that selectively heats the cathodes, first electrically resistive material disposed on the electrically conductive material to surround the cathodes and define a plurality of second voids thereabove, an electrically conductive grid disposed on the electrically resistive material to project partially into the second voids to define an opening in the grid above each cathode, for allowing the passage of electrons therethrough, circuitry to selectively apply a voltage to the grid to control electron flow and thereby control the electrical current produced at the anodes, second electrically resistive material disposed

Abstract: The present invention provides image display panels, spacer units for the same and methods for making and using the same. The spacer units include an assembly having at least one layer of generally parallel fibers which form passageways which permit the passage of energy therethrough between the emitter and the display of an image display panel. A sealing frame has a support which is positioned about and engages the periphery or side of the spacer, the emitter and the display. The sealing frame has a sealing material for providing an essentially sealed region between the spacer, emitter and display. Methods of making and using such spacer units in image display panels are also included in the present invention.

Abstract: A discharge display apparatus includes a plurality of first address electrodes (1) and a plurality of second address electrodes (2) both of which are disposed adjacent to each other so as to cross each other through a partition (6) and memory electrodes (3, 4) which have a plurality of apertures provided therethrough and are entirely covered with respective insulating layers (3a, 4a). The plurality of first and second address electrodes (1, 2) and the memory electrode (3, 4) are successively laminated and sealed into a tube body having discharge gas.

Abstract: For use in vacuum between a cathode (21) and an anode (23) with avoidance of surface flashover resulting from a voltage supplied between the cathode and the anode, a dielectric spacer (25) has a side surface and a projection (27) protruded perpendicularly of the side surface. The projection has a length of projection from the side surface, a cathode side end having a cathode distance relative to the cathode, an anode side end, and a thickness having a center plane between the cathode and the anode side ends and nearer to the cathode than to the anode, a ratio of the length of projection to the cathode distance being not less than 0.4. The cathode comprises no protrusion in a face to face relation to the anode side end. It is possible to use the dielectric spacer between two electrodes supplied with an AC voltage.

Abstract: A spacer 40 for use in a field emission device includes a comb-like structure having a plurality of elongated filaments 42 joined to a support member 44. The filaments 42, which may be glass, are positioned longitudinally in a single layer between the facing surfaces of the anode structure 10 and the electron emitting: structure 12. Support member 44 is positioned entirely outside the active regions of anode structure 10 and emitting structure 12. Spacer 40 provides voltage isolation between the anode structure 10 and the cathode structure 12, and also provides standoff of the mechanical forces of vacuum within the assembly. In a second embodiment, spacer 50 includes elongated filaments 52 joined at each end to a support member 54 a and 54b, the additional support facilitating handling, fabrication and assembly.

Abstract: There is disclosed a display apparatus including a rear electrode unit, electron beam generating sources, a front electrode unit including a plurality of electron beam control electrodes laminated together with insulating spacers therebetween, and a face plate formed with a fluorescent screen. The front electrode is coupled together by first metallic coupling pins fixed on the electron beam control electrode arranged to confront the fluorescent screen. The rear electrode unit is coupled with the electrode unit by second metallic coupling pins fixed to one of the electron beam control electrodes other than the electron beam control electrode confronting the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: To increase the frequency without restricting the power and vice versa, of vacuum tubes such as triodes and tetrodes for high-frequency amplification, especially for radio and television broadcasting designers are often limited by the relatively high output capacitance between the anode and the grid of the tube. To reduce this capacitance, especially when the tube is in a circuit for extracting energy from coupled cavities, the cavity coupling is integrated into the tube itself.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a high-voltage lead-through arrangement for introducing a high voltage into an enclosure wherein a vacuum is maintained such as for particle-beam apparatus. The arrangement includes: a high-voltage electrode for carrying a high potential; an insulator enclosing the high-voltage electrode and having a surface defining a boundary with the vacuum; and, an outer low-voltage electrode surrounding the insulator for carrying a low potential. The electrodes are spaced from each other by an electrode spacing measured along the surface of the insulator. The high-voltage electrode and the insulator conjointly define a first region wherein the high potential is present to a good approximation; and the first region is bounded by the insulator surface for a first distance of up to approximately 1/10 of the electrode spacing.

Abstract: A miniaturized field emitter vacuum tube device and method of making are described. The device includes a needle-shaped field emitter cathode, metal gate and electron collecting anode, which are enclosed by an insulating chamber which is evacuated. The gate electrode may be used to form the insulator-to-metal vacuum seal. Device isolation is achieved by using a highly resistive polycrystalline silicon film. A method of making a field emitter cathode tip is described in which two masking and etching steps form a pair of intersecting lines, the intersection point forming the cathode tip.

Abstract: An electron gun for a vacuum tube employs a mounting element having an inner annular section with a defined thickness made to predetermined dimensional tolerances. The cathode subassembly is positioned on one surface of the annular section and a grid electrode is located on the opposing surface. When the mounting element is set within the vacuum tube facing the anode electrode, the location of the cathode subassembly and grid electrode in the mounting element establishes a precise cathode-to-anode spacing and the electrodes are properly aligned and concentric to a central axis along which the electron beam travels.

Abstract: The invention provides a modular-building block method and system of fabrication, installation, alignment and operation of a multi-beam assembly of miniaturized, all-electrostatic charged particle optical columns, such electron beam or ion beam optical columns mounted in parallel in a closely packed cluster over a small target surface area for parallel simultaneous charged particle beam writing on the target surface with the multiple-channel cluster of charged particle beam optical columns. The assembly provides a system and method of increased thru-put in the direct charged particle beam writing on semiconductor target wafers during fabrication of semiconductor micro-circuit chips.

Abstract: An electron discharge device of the type including an evacuated envelope having a longitudinal axis comprises a photoemissive cathode for providing electrons in response to radiation incident thereon and a charge coupled device spaced from the cathode. A plurality of washer-like focusing electrodes are disposed between the cathode and the charge coupled device for focusing electrons therebetween. Each of the electrodes has an electron aperture of progressively decreasing diameter. The electron aperture of the electrode adjacent to the cathode is larger than the electron aperture in the electrode adjacent to the charge coupled device. The electrodes provide a substantially spherical electrostatic field lens between the photoemissive cathode and the charge coupled device.

Abstract: A field-emitter switching device wherein a positive pulse is applied to a te (which is held at a bias potential V.sub.1 just below turn-on). A collector is held at a potential higher than the gate in order to collect emitted electrons from a field emitter source. As the voltage is applied to the gate, electrons are emitted immediately from the source and travel to the most positive potential at the collector. Because of the field emitter geometry, such electron transport is extremely fast. The ultra-fast switching speed is attained because the electrons reach near-maximum velocity within a few field tip diameters of the source.

Abstract: An electron tube comprises an evacuated envelope including an anode forming a section of the envelope and a plurality of alternatively-disposed metallic and insulating annular members. The anode includes an anode ring having a plurality of slots formed therein to provide stress reduction. The anode ring is attached to one of the metallic members thereby providing a low impedance electrical interconnection therebetween.

Abstract: The invention contemplates lead-through structure for the high-voltage electrode of an electron microscope or the like, in conjunction with shaping of the high-voltage electrode and of the body of insulating material via which the lead-through is supported, in reference to metal envelope structure. The high-voltage electrode has a step-wise enlargement, and the surface of the insulating material which is exposed to the vacuum commences at the start of the step-wise enlargement. As a result, the field strength along the vacuum-exposed insulator surface is so influenced that a minimum electric field strength is produced at the boundary line between the vacuum and the high-voltage electrode. The further result is to prevent occurrence of microdischarges.

Abstract: A self-supporting frame member mounts a cathode and a control grid in mutual electrical contact to form a unit module that can be secured to other similar unit modules to construct a multi-character vacuum fluorescent display.

Abstract: The electron gun comprises an electron lens assembly including a pair of terminal electrodes fixedly mounted along a pair of glass support rods. Disposed between the terminal electrodes is a resistive lens stack of alternate apertured electrode plates and resistive spacer blocks. The electrode plates and resistive spacer blocks are urged into good electrical contact with each other and with the terminal electrodes by a plurality of leaf springs. The electrode plates are preferably lightly contacted by the glass support rods to prevent lateral movement of the plates without preventing their spring-urged contact with the resistive blocks.

Abstract: Presented is a cathode-heater assembly including a support structure for the cathode-heater assembly that is particularly rugged in that it resists displacement of the cathode-heater assembly in all planes, and minimizes power requirements to raise the cathode to operating temperature.

Abstract: A multi-arrayed electron emitter for microwave tubes in which the emitting urface is an array of continually replenished low-work-function regions, (micro-patches), whose boundaries include a control grid which is integral with the cathode surface and which controls emission from the low-work-function micro-patches. The continually replenished low-work-function regions are uniformly positioned relative to a matrix of uniformly spaced openings through which the low-work-function material is released.

Abstract: The variety of technologies that have been applied in the development of a onded grid cathode are described. These include chemical vapor deposition of tungsten, molybdenum, iridium, BM, and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 on both sides of a sintered tungsten cathode disk. Zirconium and titanium getters have been used to eliminate nitrogen evolution problems. Films of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 have been added to the insulation to prevent calcium and barium diffusion into the layer and maintain adequate resistivity and breakdown strength. Plasma etching was introduced as a method of removing Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 from the cathode pores.

Abstract: The variety of technologies that have been applied in the development of a onded grid cathode are described. These include chemical vapor deposition of tungsten, molybdenum, iridium BN, and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 on both sides of a sintered tungsten cathode disk. Zirconium and titanium getters have been used to eliminate nitrogen evolution problems. The getter plates are also used as heat shields for the bonded heater. Films of Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 have been added to the insulation to prevent calcium and barium diffusion into the layer and maintain adequate resistivity and breakdown strength. Plasma etching was introduced as a method of removing Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 from the cathode pores.A new method, erosion lithography, is used for making the fine-detail grid structure, combining air erosion and lithographic techniques.

Abstract: An integrated thermionic device suitable for use in high temperature, high radiation environments. Cathode and control electrodes are deposited on a first substrate facing an anode on a second substrate. The substrates are sealed to a refractory wall and evacuated to form an integrated triode vacuum tube.

Abstract: High efficiency, multi-dimensional thin film vacuum tubes suitable for use in high temperature, high radiation environments are described. The tubes are fabricated by placing, as by photolithographic techniques, such as are used in solid state integrated circuits, thin film electrode members in selected arrays on facing interior wall surfaces of an alumina substrate envelope. Cathode members are formed using thin films of triple carbonate. The photoresist used in photolithography aids in activation of the cathodes by carbonizing and reacting with the reduced carbonates when heated in vacuum during forming. The finely powdered triple carbonate is mixed with the photoresist used to delineate the cathode locations in the conventional solid state photolithographic manner. Upon high temperature forming (1000.degree. C) the barium, etc. is formed at the surface. Anode and grid members are formed using thin films of refractory metal.