Abstract: A surge arrester includes a gas-tight discharge chamber that is formed by at least one insulating body and two electrodes. The electrodes extend into the discharge chamber and include an electrode spacing with respect to one another and a wall spacing with respect to the insulating body inner wall. The electrode spacing is equal to twice the wall spacing or is less than twice the wall spacing.

Abstract: A surge arrester includes a gas-tight discharge chamber that is formed by at least one insulating body and two electrodes. The electrodes extend into the discharge chamber and include an electrode spacing with respect to one another and a wall spacing with respect to the insulating body inner wall. The electrode spacing is equal to twice the wall spacing or is less than twice the wall spacing.

Abstract: In various embodiments, a UV luminaire may include a housing which is designed for accommodating a plurality of UV lamps and a protective atmosphere, wherein the housing is subdivided in such a manner into chambers respectively containing some of the UV lamps and can be opened in such a manner that each of the UV lamps can be replaced with detriment to the protective atmosphere only of the respective chamber.

Abstract: A dielectric barrier discharge lamp comprising: a discharge vessel that comprises an outer tube and an inner tube, wherein the inner tube is arranged coaxially inside the outer tube, and wherein the inner tube and the outer tube are connected to one another in a gastight fashion, as a result of which a discharge space filled with a discharge medium is formed between the inner and outer tubes; and a first electrode and at least one further electrode, the first electrode being arranged inside the inner tube, wherein the first electrode is configured as a tube, the tube being provided with at least one slot that has a component locally or at least in some sections, both in an axial and in an azimuthal direction with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tube.

Abstract: A backlight unit in a direct type liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of lamps, wherein each lamp includes a first end, a second end opposing the first end, and a fluorescent part between the first and second ends, and a supporter supporting the plurality of lamps, wherein fluorescent parts of adjacent lamps are longitudinally offset from each other, and each lamp includes a first external electrode at the first end of the lamp, and a second external electrode at the second end of the lamp.

Abstract: A light emission device for improving high voltage stability and a display device using the same as a light source includes first and second substrates facing each other, an electron emission unit located on one side of the first substrate and including a plurality of electron emission elements, and a light emission unit located on one side of the second substrate and emitting a visible light. Each of the electron emission elements includes first electrodes spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval along a first direction of the first substrate, second electrodes arranged between the first electrodes along the first direction, and first electron emission regions electrically connected to the first electrodes and formed at a predetermined height lower than that of the first electrodes.

Abstract: An improved corona generator structure includes a ground tube body sheathed within an insulating sleeve. One end of the ground tube body is provided with a sealing lid for being firmly coupled to the end portion of the ground tube body. At least one piece of high voltage electrode plate is coupled with the insulating sleeve. The high voltage electrode plate is provided with a plurality of spacers for allowing a gap of a substantially equal height to be formed between every area of the high voltage electrode plate and the insulating sleeve so as to uniformly distribute the corona on the high voltage electrode plate when electricity conducts therethrough. Furthermore, the two retaining sleeves are coupled to both end portions of the high voltage electrode plate and the insulating sleeve such that the high voltage electrode plate is firmly positioned on the insulating sleeve.

Abstract: A lamp assembly for a liquid crystal display device includes a lamp tube for generating light, and electrodes each having a suitable shape for receiving end portions of the lamp tube. The lamp tube and the electrodes are combined to generate the light by applying electric power to the electrodes. The lamp assembly may include multiple lamp tubes having different brightness from each other, in which the brightness difference between the lamp tubes is compensated by uniformly diffusing the light generated from the lamp tubes.

Abstract: A display includes a front panel and a back panel with a light control material in between. One of the panels includes a rigid substrate, for example made of glass or rigid plastic. The other of the panels includes a flexible substrate, for example made of a flexible plastic film. The panel with the flexible substrate may be made by a roll-to-roll process, with various fabrication operations formed while the flexible substrate is still part of a web of material. The panel with the rigid substrate may be separately fabricated, then combined with the other panel on the web through a pick and place operation that accurately locates the front panel relative to the back panel. The display may be any of a variety of displays, such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), and electroluminescent displays, such as polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs) and organic light emitting devices (OLEDs).

Abstract: Before an electrode assembly is inserted into a quartz glass tube, a reinforcement bending process is applied to a metal foil. Even when a vibration load acts on the electrode assembly during the insertion of the electrode assembly into the quartz glass tube, the metal foil is not easily deformed, so that a rod electrode can be prevented from largely swinging together with the metal foil. Consequently, the position of a tip end portion of the rod electrode can be easily recognized by using a camera, whereby the degree of the insertion of the electrode assembly into the quartz glass tube can be correctly adjusted.

Abstract: The thickness of a luminophor film (16′) provided on the inner surface of a translucent discharge vessel (11) having a cavity portion (12) in which a light emitting substance is enclosed is the maximum in the vicinity of a plasma (15), becomes smaller as being closer to a connection portion (21) with an inner tube (32) and becomes also smaller as being closer to a round bottom portion (41). With this film thickness distribution, an electrodeless fluorescent lamp having approximately the same luminous intensity distribution characteristics as those of an incandescent lamp can be achieved. Therefore, even when the electrodeless fluorescent lamp is connected to an incandescent lamp lighting fixture, light can be taken out in a preferable state.

Abstract: A lamp assembly that comprises a hollow arc discharge light source having a center arc chamber containing an arc generating and sustaining medium and first and second ends with an electrode receiving capillary extending from each end and arrayed along a longitudinal axis. The ends are cylindrical in cross-section. An electrode structure is positioned in each of the capillaries and each of these electrode structures comprises a proximal electrode end projecting into the interior of the center arc chamber, a distal end projecting exteriorly of said capillary and an intermediate section therebetween. A first area of the intermediate section is sealed to the capillary in an hermetic manner and a second area of the intermediate section is exposed to the medium. A tubular shroud surrounds the light source and is coaxial with the longitudinal axis. The shroud has two ends. A pair of spring clips, one at each end of said shroud, mount the light source within the shroud.

Abstract: A transparent electrode substrate. The transparent electrode substrate includes a transparent substrate and a transparent anode. In this case, a first surface of the transparent substrate has several microstructures, and each of the microstructures has a maximum height of 100 &mgr;m. The transparent anode is formed on a second surface of the transparent substrate that is opposite to the first surface. Furthermore, the invention also discloses another transparent electrode substrate, which includes a transparent substrate, a transparent thin film, and a transparent anode. The transparent thin film is formed on a first surface of the transparent substrate. The transparent thin film has a plurality of microstructures, each of which has a maximum height of 100 &mgr;m. The transparent anode is formed on a second surface of the transparent substrate opposite to the first surface.

Abstract: In a polarized electrical component, a first electrode is provided at an inner-side bottom face of the component, and a second electrode is provided at an outer-side bottom face of the component. One of the first and second electrodes serves as an anode electrode, and the other serves as a cathode electrode.

Abstract: Display panels having at least one suspended fibrous cathode containing an electron field emitter are disclosed. The fibrous cathode is supported by a substrate (10) containing two sets of parallel rows of crests and valleys. The first set of parallel crests (11) and valleys (12) provide the valleys along which the fibrous cathode is aligned. The second set of parallel crests (13) and valleys (14) is perpendicular to the first set. The valleys (14) provide the means for suspending the fibrous cathode. The display panels can be produced in large sizes while still maintaining high quality and efficiency.

Abstract: An apparatus to generate corona discharges that consists of (a) a ground electrode tube, (b) a single-opening insulating tube inserted into the ground electrode tube, (c) a high-voltage electrode tube inserted into the insulating tube, and (d) two insulating caps. An air gap is formed between the ground electrode tube and the insulating tube. The high-voltage tube is inserted in the center of the assembly, which is held in position by the insulating caps.

Abstract: In a flat display device, for example, a luminescent display a spacer structure (5) is provided between two substrates (1, 3). To this end a mask (9, 15) consisting, if necessary, of a plurality of layers is incorporated in a photosensitive material (8, 13). After exposure, development and removal of the mask, the desired spacer structure is obtained.

Abstract: An enclosure for electric device, in particular for surge arrester, comprises an outer, cylindrical envelope and an inner wall both made of electrically non conducting materials. One of the ends of the envelope is closed while the other is open. An electrode with a principal portion inside the enclosure extends through the envelope and projects outside the latter. Bolt anchors are used for fixing the enclosure on a mechanical support and for mounting a closure device on the open end of the envelope. The material constituting the inner wall is impervious to humidity and protects the envelope against breaking thereof by thermal shock caused for example by the production of an electric arc within the enclosure, while the material constituting the cylindrical envelope is a synthetic insulating material capable of withstanding a high mechanical tension.

Abstract: An improved plasma arc reactor is provided with variably positionable electrodes, including a cylindrical anode electrode having an inner, frustoconical cavity providing a reaction chamber and a spherical cathode ball electrode mounted therein. Between these electrodes an arc discharge is induced and sustained to heat and ionize an inert gas to produce an arc plasma for refining raw material introduced into the reaction chamber. A magnetic induction coil is mounted around the outer diameter of the anode electrode to thereby establish a magnetic field to rotate the arc discharge and plasma within the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A short-arc lamp of the type having an internally integral reflector including electrodes mounted to extend along a central axis of symmetry of the lamp and having distal ends of similar shape which are spaced apart to define a short-arc gap such that the lamp can be directly driven by alternating current.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen lamp has a ruggedized mount structure employing tri-partite lead-in wires sealed in a soft glass stem and a hard glass capsule. Heavier intermediate sections provide support while the proximal and distal portions are different materials selected to form hermetic seals with the hard glass and soft glass.

Abstract: A miniaturized multilamp photoflash array includes a housing member having a back portion with a printed electrical circuit on one surface thereof and a light transmittable front portion affixed to the back portion with a plurality of flashlamps affixed to and supported by the array and each flashlamp having a pair of electrical conductors in electrical contact with the printed circuit on one surface of the back portion of the housing member.

Abstract: A novel electron gun assembly having at least one generally longitudinally-extending electron beam path includes a plurality of electrodes attached to at least two electrically-insulating support rods. Each of the support rods has a surface having at least two indexing cavities formed therein for aligning the support rods along the beam path.

Abstract: A self-supporting frame member mounts a cathode and a control grid in mutual electrical contact to form a unit module that can be secured to other similar unit modules to construct a multi-character vacuum fluorescent display.

Abstract: A glass-to-glass seal with an intervening layer of metal oxide is made using a frit containing a high lead content and a metallic nucleating agent. The metal oxide may optionally be used to provide conductive paths through the seal without embedded metallic conductors.

Abstract: A cermet seal for high pressure gas discharge lamps which also serves as an electrode, is made from a metallic component suitable for use as an electrode, and a ceramic component which is a metal oxide, by mixing the ingredients in a powdered form, then molded, prefired and then final-fired in a protective atmosphere by sintering into an electrically conductive, vacuum-dense polycrystalline body.

Abstract: A surge arrestor is provided having two electrodes attached at opposite ends of an insulator tube. Portions of the respective electrodes extend toward each other to define a gap therebetween. At least one conductor is attached to the inner surface of the tube in the vicinity of the gap. The conductor is completely separated from the electrodes and covers a substantial portion of the inner surface of the tube.

Abstract: An improved transverse-discharge gas laser tube is provided by positioning thermionic cathodes diametrically opposite each other across the plasma location with anodes positioned at 90.degree. to the cathodes all contained within an electron repelling envelope. Laser configurations for both large and small circular cross-section plasmas are disclosed. A thermionic cathode plasma slab laser with a magnetic field that may be modulated to provide modulation of the laser beam is also disclosed.