Abstract: A cathode structure comprises at an end portion (1) an electron-emitting material (4) and a heating element (5) of wire (7), said cathode structure having a plurality of primary helical turns (8). These primary turns are used to form a first series of secondary turns (9) which are wound in a first direction with a pitch and which extend towards the end portion (1), and to form a second series of secondary turns (10) which extend from the end portion (1) and which have the opposite direction of winding yet the same pitch. Near the end portion (1), the first and second series of turns (9, 10) are interconnected by an arc-shaped connecting portion (12) having primary turns (8). This arc-shaped connecting portion (12) has a span S.sub.a and a rise r.sub.a, the ratio r.sub.a /S.sub.a preferably ranging from 0.3 to 0.5.

Abstract: An improved coiled-coil filament for use in an incandescent lamp has a primary coil winding with a substantially uniform spacing between successive coil turns. The primary coil winding is wound around a second mandrel in a manner to provide a main coil body and leg portions extending therefrom. A helical bend is formed between the main coil body and the leg portions thereby allowing that the leg portions extend toward a seal region of the lamp envelope in a substantially parallel relation to each other. Once the main coil body has been set in shape, the first and second mandrels are removed such that the leg portions are disposed in the seal region of the lamp envelope in a spaceless, and optional spudless manner.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp has an envelope having a bulbous portion including a wall defining a space, a thin tube extending outwardly along a central axis of the bulbous portion so as to communicate with the space, and a sealed portion located on an opposite end of the bulbous portion from the thin tube. The wall has a slope inclined toward the thin tube. A filament is provided along the central axis of the bulbous portion. An optical interference layer is arranged on a surface of the wall for reflecting infrared rays toward the filament. A first lead wire has a first end portion fixed in the sealed portion of the envelope, a second end portion coupled to one end of the filament and an intermediate U-shaped portion inserted into the thin tube for regulating a position of the filament. A second lead wire has a first end portion fixed in the sealed portion of the envelope and a second end portion coupled to another end of the filament.

Abstract: The electric incandescent lamp has a filament (2) centrically supported in a tubular envelope (1) by constrictions (6) in the envelope at areas where a refractory metal member (7) short-circuits turns (3') of the filament. The refractory metal member (7) is a sleeve around the filament (2).

Abstract: An incandescent lamp includes a base, a first stiff lead-in wire and a second stiff lead-in wire, a connector, a filament and a non-opaque tubular envelope. The base is formed out of a non-conductive material. The first and second stiff lead-in wires, respectively, extend from the base. The connector is electrically coupled to the first and second stiff lead-in wires and mechanically coupled to the base. The filament has a first end and a second end which are electrically coupled to the first and second lead-in wires, respectively. The filament is formed out of a conductive wire in the shape which provides a radiation area which is similar to the illumination area of the bundle of optical fibers so that the radiation fills the illumination area within the geometric boundaries imposed. The non-opaque tubular envelope has an open end and a closed end and is mechanically coupled to the base at the open end. The base press-seals the non-opaque tubular envelope to form an enclosed chamber.

Abstract: A fluorescent display device includes a substrate having a pattern display thereon, at least one pair of conductive bases, the bases being separated by a predetermined interval and facing each other in parallel on the substrate, the conductive bases each having at least one pair of position-setting holes perpendicular to the substrate; and at least one pair of supporters, each of which includes a fixing portion having at least one pair of position-setting holes corresponding to the position-setting holes of one of the bases, and a supporting portion extending from said fixing portion, one of the position-setting holes in each of the supporters being a slot. The slots correspond to a hole in a supporter so that it is unnecessary for the base specifications to be changed even in the event of variation of the intervals between the position-setting holes in the supporters.

Abstract: The present invention is a thin filament embedded in a low density aerogel for use in radiation detection instruments and incandescent lamps. The aerogel provides a supportive matrix that is thermally and electrically nonconductive, mechanically strong, highly porous, gas-permeable, and transparent to ionizing radiation over short distances. A low density, open-cell aerogel is cast around a fine filament or wire, which allows the wire to be positioned with little or no tension and keeps the wire in place in the event of breakage. The aerogel support reduces the stresses on the wire caused by vibrational, gravitational, electrical, and mechanical forces.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp containing a coiled filament within a vitreous envelope wherein the filament is supported at at least one point along its coil length by a refractory metal support wire one end of which is welded to a coil and the other end secured to the envelope wall by a glass bead. The support prevents filament sag during lamp operation and is especially useful with double-ended high intensity tungsten-halogen lamps having an elliptically shaped filament chamber with an infrared reflecting and visible light transmitting optical interference coating on the chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cathode assembly of an electron gun for a color cathode ray tube in which a heater support structure is improved. The cathode assembly of an electron gun for a color cathode ray tube comprising three cylindrical sleeves which are arranged in an in-line type, a base metal which is located at the upper end of the sleeves, and of which the surfaces are coated with thermal electron emitting material, a heater which is located on the inner portion of each of the sleeves and having two parallel terminals which are exposed out of the sleeves, and a heater fixture block in which three pairs of welding terminals corresponding to the three heaters and two signal lines for forming an electrical circuit along with the welding terminals are provided in the lateral surface and two parallel bead glasses for supporting the sleeves and the block. The heater support structure is simple and the stability thereof is improved. Also, the heater is easily assembled to have a high productivity.

Abstract: An incandescent lamp having a filament with an integral support portion between its ends which bears against the lamp envelope for supporting the filament therein. The integral support portion includes a length of electrically conductive support wire enclosed within the filament, the filament being continuously coiled over the entire length of said support wire. Accordingly to a favorable embodiment, the support wire is a retained length of winding mandrel.

Abstract: Filament supports for supporting and centering a filament in a double-ended lamp envelope include an inlead portion defining a central axis, a filament attachment portion and a centering portion interconnecting the inlead portion and the filament attachment portion. The centering portion contacts an inner surface of the lamp envelope at a plurality of discrete, circumferentially spaced-apart contact regions that are substantially equally spaced from the central axis. The filament supports are attached to opposite ends of the filament for accurately centering the filament within the lamp envelope. The filament supports are particularly useful in a tubular incandescent lamp capsule having an infrared reflective coating on its outer surface.

Abstract: A filament support for supporting and centering a filament in a double-ended lamp envelope includes an inlead portion defining a central axis, a filament attachment portion and a centering portion interconnecting the inlead portion and the filament attachment portion. The centering portion includes first and second arcuate segments for contacting an inner surface of the lamp envelope. The first and second arcuate segments are axially spaced apart and are interconnected by an axial segment. Filament supports are connected to opposite ends of the filament for accurately centering the filament in the lamp envelope. The filament supports are particularly useful in a tubular incandescent lamp capsule having an infrared reflective coating on its outer surface.

Abstract: A novel heatable filament wire support is provided embodying flexible and rigid support and current-providing bracket beams terminating in inherent resilient clip springs for accurately clamping the ends of the filament with mechanical and electrical reliability, enabling facile filament wire alignment and replacement, and accommodation for thermal displacement upon filament heating.

Abstract: A direct heating cathode structure for a miniature cathode ray tube is disclosed wherein angular rod-shaped supports where the coiled heater is welded are bent so that one edge thereof is directed upward, and opposing delta welding portions are formed by chamfering the top edge of the bent front part of the supports, thereby allowing simple ascertainment of the proper welding location and rapid precision welding of the coiled heater.

Abstract: An electric lamp having a filament with open coiled ends and filament inserts have an end insertable into the open filament ends without threading cooperation and lockingly engage the filament turns. The ends of the filament inserts provide a resilient ratchetted coupling with the successive turns of the coiled filament ends. The filament inserts replace integral coil legs for coil mounting in the lamp.

Abstract: This incandescent lamp includes an envelope, a fine-wire filament within the envelope, and lead wires supported on the envelope and having inner portions within the envelope connected to opposite ends of the filament. The filament is rendered high resistant to damage from vibration and shock by: (a) stiffening the filament with a support wire connected between the envelope and an intermediate point on the filament and (b) constructing the inner lead-wire portions in such a manner that the natural frequency of the filament is between 1.7 and 2.2 times the natural frequency of each inner lead-wire portion.

Abstract: The halogen incandescent lamp has a tipless lamp vessel (1) having a first seal (3), in which a current supply conductor (7) with a foil-shaped part (9) of small width (w.sub.1) is accommodated, and a second seal (4), in which a current supply conductor (8) with a foil-shaped part (10) of larger width (w.sub.2) is accommodated. This construction permits a simple method of manufacturing the lamp, in which the tube from which the lamp vessel (1) is formed has a constriction which allows the first current supply conductor (7) and the filament (5) to pass, but stops the foil-shaped part (10) of the second current supply conductor (8) and holds the filament positioned in axial direction in the tube.

Abstract: To reliably retain a filament (13) axially aligned in a bulb (2) of a halogen incandescent lamp, a first current supply lead (8) is shaped to engage the inner wall (14) of the bulb at spaced corners or bend points (16, 21, 22, 424), the corner or bend points being connected by connecting legs (17, 18, 425). The legs and corner points can be arranged in triangular configuration (FIGS. 1-3; FIGS. 10-13) or in cross shape (FIGS. 4-9), and the remote end (15) of the filament, weld or push-connected to the connecting legs or end portions of the current supply lead. The polygonal corner and bend point engagement with the inner wall of the tube provides for substantially improved resistance against vibration of the filament; the engagement of the first corner or bend point, which bends the upper portion of the current supply lead towards the interior of the bulb and towards the filament, upon vibration, results in axial deflection, thereby maintaining the filament in axial position and preventing lateral excursion.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp having an improved coiled refractory metal filament construction is disclosed which enables the lamp to provide a more precise light source. Various lamp and coiled filament configurations are disclosed to include employment of a reflective film for improved efficiency of lamp operation while a halogen substance can also be included in the inert gas filling for this purpose. A method to manufacture the disclosed lamp improvement is also provided.

Abstract: A spud made of refractory metal wire in the shape of a ring with a loop on each side radially aligns and provides electricity to a filament in a double ended tungsten halogen lamp. The spud has a leg extending from the end of each loop, one of which is attached to the filament and the other forming part of an inlead assembly. This spud is particularly useful with relatively small size double ended tungsten-halogen lamps having an infrared reflecting coating on the surface of the vitreous filament chamber.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp having improved means for both physically positioning and controlling the light output from a filament light source is disclosed. The lamp construction can further employ a reflective film for improved efficiency of lamp operation while a halogen substance can also be included in the inert gas filling for this purpose. A method to manufacture the disclosed lamp improvement is also provided.

Abstract: To provide a mount for a halogen incandescent lamp, extending longitudinally within an elongated, for example essentially cylindrical bulb (2), the filament, preferably, is a coiled-coil filament and the mount includes a first lead-in conductor (8) which extends inwardly of the bulb and, adjacent the remote end of the bulb, is bent over in inverted V or arch shape, towards the lamp axis, and then downwardly to define an essentially arch or roof shaped construction, the second leg (15) of the bent filament being bent inwardly 180.degree. towards the lamp axis, and then downwardly towards the near end, with respect to the base, of the lamp bulb, for retention of the remote end of the filament. All legs and bent portions of the longitudinal conductor are located in a common plane, the essentially V or arch-shaped bent-over region approximately spanning the inner diameter of the bulb, but being clear of the inner walls thereof.

Abstract: An oven has a baking space wall at least partly defining a closed baking chamber to be acted upon by microwave energy with a given basic microwave frequency capable of being radiated into the baking space with a given wavelength. A lighting device for the oven includes a bulb holder, an incandescent bulb mounted on the bulb holder and protruding freely into the baking space from the baking space wall without electromagnetic shielding, and electrical connection lines supplying the incandescent bulb with current from outside the baking chamber. The incandescent bulb has a glass bulb, incandescent filament holders of equal length extending substantially, parallel and alongside one another, and an incandescent filament disposed between ends of the incandescent filament holders in the glass bulb. The filament has a longitudinal extension within which all spacings between given points along the incandescent filament are equivalent to a maximum of 10% of the given wavelength.

Abstract: To permit easy attachment of a coiled filament, and especially a coiled-c or double-twist filament, to the current supply leads within a lamp bulb, in which the current supply leads are made of tungsten, each current supply lead is flattened to form a plate-like flattened surface in the vicinity of the terminal end of the current supply lead. The secondary coiling of a coiled-coil filament--or the single coil of a single-coiled filament--is then slipped over the end portion of the lead-in to extend over and about the flattened portion and with a few turns adjacent the flattened portion and therebeyond on the end portion (15) of the current lead-in, thereby retaining the end portion in position due to the additional width of the flattened portion while providing a reliable electrical contact. The greatest width of the flattened portion is slightly greater than the inner diameter of the secondary coiling of the filament (13), for example about 5% to 20% wider.

Abstract: A multi-planar, one-piece wire insert for supporting a coil filament body in an electric incadescent lamp in which the wire insert includes a top leg disposed in a plane out of the main plane of the insert so as to permit the coil filament body, as wound, to fit (match) the insert directly without requiring alteration to the ends of the coil filament body and/or changing of the wound coil geometry.

Abstract: To positively position the components of a filament mount, including filats (6, 7) and a cover cap (11) shrouding a filament, for use in a dual-filament automotive-type lamp, one of the current supply leads (10') is extended towards the exhaust tip (4) of the lamp. A guide element (13), which terminates in an at least essentially part-cylindrical region, is melted-in into the exhaust tip (4), and receives the end portion (12) of the current supply lead. If the element is springy, for example a spiral spring permitting compression, the spring (13) and the current lead wire (10') can be welded together, particularly for lamps which have low thermal loading. In lamps which have high thermal loading, the end (12) of the current lead (10') is preferably received loosely within the spiral spring to minimize heat transfer; additionally, a heat insulating jacket (14), for example in form of a small ceramic tube or a glass coating, can be interposed between the spiral spring (13) and the current supply lead.

Abstract: An improved mounting structure for spatially disposing from its long axial conductive member, a filament within the outer envelope of an incandescent lamp is disclosed. The mounting structure offsets the filament from the centerline of the lamp and from its conductive members so as to substantially reduce the typically experienced arcing condition between the conductive members of the mounting structure and the filament.

Abstract: A filament assembly which includes spaced posts with slotted ends for positioning a filament. The ends of the filament are secured to the posts in tapered holes which receive a pin or screw to provide electrical contact and tension the filament.

Abstract: A small-size discharge lamp includes a glass tube having first and second ends, with an outer diameter thereof being smaller than 5 millimeters and a length thereof being shorter than 300 millimeters. At opposite ends of the glass tube, an elongated filament and an elongated getter are provided adjacent each other and parallel to the axial direction of the glass tube.

Abstract: A tungsten-halogen lamp including a tubular quartz envelope wherein both of the lead-in conductors designed for providing electrical energy to the lamp's coiled filament are strategically positioned within a single, press-sealed end portion of the lamp's envelope. Electrical connections to the lamp may thus be provided at only one end thereof to thereby facilitate positioning and connection of the lamp within a photocopier or similar machine. The lamp is suited for high wattage applications (i.e., about two-hundred watts per linear inch of filament or greater) by positioning the inner portion of one of the lead-in conductors externally of the coiled filament supports and thus at spacing sufficient to prevent excessive heating of the inner portion and surrounding, tubular insulative member.

Abstract: A single-ended tungsten halogen incandescent lamp having an improved mounting assembly for a planar multi-filament is disclosed. The improved mounting assembly comprises, in part, means rigidly located in the pinch seal end of the lamp for coupling the outer lead-in wires to support rod members of the mounting assembly. The means for coupling comprises a first foil member and a first tab member, and a second foil member and a second tab member. The foil members and tab members are arranged with the outer lead-in wires and support rods to form a torsion bar-like configuration which holds the planar multi-filament in the central region within the lamp itself. The torsion bar-like configuration also finds application to lamps other than this tungsten halogen incandescent lamp.

Abstract: An improved incandescent light bulb which is capable of affording increased light efficiency without a resultant increase in either cost or energy consumption. In one embodiment of the bulb, said bulb includes a refractory stiff supporting element, at least one elongated helical resistive filament, two terminals which are each capable of being physically and electrically connected to a different socket and an elongated light transmissive envelope. In another embodiment the bulb additionally includes a reflector bonded to the envelope which reflects light and conducts heat away from said envelope. The stiff supporting element is formed to have a hollow interior. In said hollow interior a magnetizable elongated slug and two holding magnets may be contained. The slug and holding magnets cooperate with a switching means in the interior of the envelope to allow the bulb to selectively emit either a bright or a dim light.

Abstract: Filament sag in tungsten-halogen lamps is significantly reduced by including within the envelope an additive selected from the group of bismuth, antimony and tellurium and combinations thereof.

Abstract: In electric incandescent lamps the efficiency can be increased by surrounding the filament with a light-pervious, infra-red radiation-reflecting filter. It has hitherto always been assumed that the geometry of the filter and that of the filament should be well matched to each other. This, however, results in a complex filament construction.According to the invention, near the center of a spherical filter, a flat filament consisting of several parts is accommodated, being situated within a square the sides of which are from 0.25 to 0.04 times the diameter of the filter. Such a filament has a relatively simple construction and provides a highly efficient lamp despite the fact that its geometry is very different from that of the filter.

Abstract: An improved filament support of especial value in linear tungsten halogen lamp of low wattage, is formed from a composite wire which comprises a core wire overwound with a further wire, both of tungsten. The supports according to the invention afford better grip and reduced weight as compared with the supports of the prior art.

Abstract: Tungsten halogen incandescent lamps comprise tungsten filaments having different tungsten evaporation rates during normal operation. The filaments are supported on lead-in wires made of an alloy including tantalum.

Abstract: An incandescent electric lamp having an envelope and means for reflecting infrared energy back to the filament to increase its operating temperature while transmitting visible energy. The envelope is shaped to reflect the infrared energy back to the filament and the filament is purposely misaligned with respect to the optical center of the envelope so that the infrared energy impinges on the filament after two reflections from the envelope wall.

Abstract: A simplified lamp mount structure is disclosed in which one end of the filament is attached to the apex of a loop with the free ends of the loop embedded in glass. The other end of the filament is attached to a conventional inner lead wire.

Abstract: An adapter for wire electrode assemblies of electrostatic precipitators so that wire electrodes of the type comprising an elongated electrode wire having its opposite ends terminating axially within two identical shrouds, each of the shrouds shaped as an elongated rod terminating in a combined frusto-cone and enlarged button head may be used with all types of support structures. The adapter comprises a curved or hook shaped piece of metal or other suitable material having in one end thereof a vertically aligned hole or slot adapted to cooperate with a bolt or pin, and in the other end thereof a horizontally aligned keyhole or slot adapted to receive the frusto-conical shroud of a wire electrode, the centers of the vertically aligned hole and horizontally aligned hole being in the same vertical plane.

Abstract: Lead wires having a specified stiffness, ie. stress/strain, characteristic are described for use in an incandescent lamp.

Abstract: A low voltage incandescent lamp constructed from a reflector and a cover glass both consisting of pressed glass and which is referred to as a sealed beam type. Through the rear wall extend two conductors between which a filament is stretched. The filament, which may be subjected to impact is fixed by means of a bridge which comprises an electrically insulating mass through which extend two supporting wires. The supporting wires at their free ends are connected to the conductors at spaced points.

Abstract: A long life tungsten halogen lamp comprising a fused silica envelope containing a coiled tungsten filament connected across inleads sealed therein which include inner portions of molybdenum wire. The molybdenum wire has been treated to increase its ductility and reduce the concentration of impurities at the surface. The fill gas at a room temperature total pressure of at least 2,000 torr comprises nitrogen, an inert gas and an iodine-bearing component which provides from 3.1 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 to 9.6 .times. 10.sup..sup.-7 gram atoms of iodine per cubic centimeter of envelope volume.

Abstract: A long life tungsten halogen lamp comprising a fused silica envelope containing a coiled tungsten filament connected across inleads sealed therein which include inner portions of molybdenum wire. The molybdenum wire has been treated to increase its ductility and reduce the concentration of impurities at the surface. The fill gas at a room temperature total pressure of at least 2,000 torr comprises nitrogen, an inert gas and a bromine-bearing component which provides from 1.6 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.8 to 8.0 .times. 10.sup.-.sup.8 gram atoms of bromine per cubic centimeter of envelope volume.

Abstract: An improved lead wire forming apparatus is described comprising wire flattening apparatus, a three jaw hook former, and clamping dies for fastening the lead wire about a filament.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to the manufacture of incandescent lamps and, in particular, to apparatus for fastening lead wires to incandescent filaments, especially coiled filaments.In the prior art, lead wires were flattened, given an initial bend with clamping jaws, received a filament while in the clamping jaws, and then clamped around the filament using the filament as an anvil in the same clamping jaws.While the connection provided in this manner is adequate initially, the connection has a tendency to deteriorate in use, particularly where the use requires a large number of on-off cycles as in signal lamps. This deterioration causes early and unpredictable failure of the lamp.The deterioration is believed due to a number of factors which revolve around the way the connection is made.

Abstract: An electric incandescent lamp comprising an axially extending filament in a tubular vitreous envelope has improved filament supports of wire whose outer turns are formed as hexagonal loops comprising straight segments with angles between successive segments. The sharp bends at the angles decrease the springback and unwinding of the support when it is released from the mandrel, so that variations in support loop diameter with wire tension and size are reduced. The support may be fabricated through a new method and apparatus on a forming mandrel by engaging a wire in a slot in an exposed end face simulating a shallow helicoid. As the mandrel revolves, at least one full turn is wound around its periphery (which may be hexagonal) to form the outer envelope-engaging loop. The wire is then bent radially inwards at the shoulder of the projecting portion of the helicoid face to wind filament-engaging turns around the filament and wire mandrel which extend through an axially aligned aperture in the forming mandrel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an electrode provided with a connection conductor for a gas and/or vapor discharge lamp. A quantity of electrically conducting auxiliary material, having a melting point less than the turns, is introduced between several turns of the electrode. Subsequently this assembly is heated to above the melting point of the auxiliary material below the melting point of the material of the turns. Cooling takes place after auxiliary material has flowed between the turns. Subsequently the auxiliary material is connected to the actual connection conductor which may be a bushing shaped lead-through conductor.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electric incandescent lamp having a tubular envelope in which a coiled-coil filament is stretched which is supported in at least one place between the ends by a support formed from wire, of which support a part bears on the inner wall of the envelope and another part supports the filament, The part which supports the filament has a helical shape and, according to the invention, is present inside the secondary winding of the filament. The said part comprises at least two turns the winding sense of which corresponds to that of the secondary turns of the filament.