Abstract: The invention provides spacers for separating and supporting a faceplate structure and a backplate structure in a flat panel display, and methods for fabricating these spacers. Each spacer is typically made of ceramic, such as alumina, containing transition metal oxide, such as titania, chromia or iron oxide. Each spacer can be fabricated with an electrically insulating core and electrically resistive skins. The insulating core can be a wafer formed of ceramic such as alumina, and the resistive skins can be formed by laminating electrically resistive wafers, formed from alumina containing transition metal oxide, to the outside surfaces of the insulating core. Each spacer can also have a core of electrically insulating ceramic composition made of a ceramic containing a transition metal oxide in its higher oxide states, and electrically resistive outside surfaces made of a ceramic containing a transition metal oxide in lower oxide states.

Abstract: A backplate structure for a field emission display includes a transparent backplate substrate, a plurality of opaque electrodes, a plurality of field emitters geometrically located in the opaque electrodes, and a focusing electrode. The focusing electrode has an exterior surface with a conductive layer disposed substantially over the exterior surface, and the focusing electrode is electrically isolated from the opaque electrodes. The faceplate structure can further include a plurality of transparent electrodes that are orthogonal to the opaque electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a gas discharge tube which is properly lighted to improve the reproducibility of a satisfactory light emission state. The gas discharge tube includes an envelop for accommodating a hot cathode for emitting thermoelectrons, an anode for receiving the thermoelectrons, a focusing electrode having a focusing opening for converging paths of the thermoelectrons, and a discharge shielding member supporting the focusing electrode and the anode, the discharge shielding member further supporting a cathode box for surrounding the hot cathode while being electrically insulated from the focusing electrode. Since a lighting device for the gas discharge tube sets the focusing electrode to a zero or negative potential while an electric field is generated between the hot cathode and the anode, the lighting device will be certainly turned on.

Abstract: For use in vacuum between a cathode (21) and an anode (23) with avoidance of surface flashover resulting from a voltage supplied between the cathode and the anode, a dielectric spacer (25) has a side surface and a projection (27) protruded perpendicularly of the side surface. The projection has a length of projection from the side surface, a cathode side end having a cathode distance relative to the cathode, an anode side end, and a thickness having a center plane between the cathode and the anode side ends and nearer to the cathode than to the anode, a ratio of the length of projection to the cathode distance being not less than 0.4. The cathode comprises no protrusion in a face to face relation to the anode side end. It is possible to use the dielectric spacer between two electrodes supplied with an AC voltage.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube includes a light-emitting section in an envelope sealing a gas therein, positioned at distal ends of lead pins while spaced from an inner side wall of the envelope. The light-emitting section includes a hot cathode, an anode, a focusing electrode, and a discharge shielding member having a front surface which faces the hot cathode. The front surface of the discharge shielding member is defined by a first surface being in direct contact with the focusing electrode, for defining a position of the focusing electrode, a second surface continued from the first surface, for defining a distance between the focusing electrode and the anode, and a third surface continued from the second surface and being in direct contact with the anode, for defining a position of the anode.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube includes an envelope for sealing a gas, lead pins and a light-emitting assembly. The light-emitting assembly includes: a focusing electrode support member of a conductive material; a hot cathode for emitting thermoelectrons; an anode for receiving thermoelectrons; a focusing electrode for converging paths of thermoelectrons; a spacer of an insulator being arranged between the focusing electrode support member and the anode; and an anode support member of an insulator for pushing the anode onto the focusing electrode support member through the spacer. A gas discharge tube having a long service life and capable of improving the operational stability during long-time continuous light emission can be provided.

Abstract: According to the invention, a flat panel device includes a spacer for providing internal support. In one embodiment, the spacer is made of ceramic, glass-ceramic, ceramic reinforced glass, devitrified glass, metal with electrically insulative coating or high-temperature vacuum-compatible polyimide, and can be a spacer wall, a spacer structure including a plurality of holes, or some combination of a spacer wall, spacer walls, and spacer structure. Spacer surfaces are treated to reduce secondary emissions and prevent charging of the spacer surfaces. The flat panel device can include a thermionic cathode or a field emitter cathode, and the faceplate and backplate can both be straight or both be curved. The flat panel device can include an addressing grid.

Abstract: An airtight envelope for an FED capable of ensuring formation of a gap or internal space therein with high accuracy and preventing leakage thereof and a decrease in display area. An anode substrate having a phosphor-deposited display pattern formed thereon and a cathode substrate having an electron emission source formed thereon are sealed joined to each other using a sealing material, to thereby provide an airtight envelope for an FED. The substrates are provided at a portion thereof joined together with particulate or bar-like elements which are kept unmelted or substantially unsoftened. Also, spacers are arranged at positions in a gap between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate which do not interfere with a display by the FED.

Abstract: The high-pressure discharge lamp has a discharge vessel (1) with seals (2) on each of which a metal clamping plate (20) is present. The discharge vessel is accommodated in an outer bulb (10) which has cylindrical portions (12). The clamping plates (20) have transversely flanged rims (24, 25) from which elastic tongues (23) extend towards the outer bulb in tangential direction and press against a cylindrical portion (12) of the outer bulb with clamping force. The clamping plates (20) render it possible to suspend the discharge vessel (1) in the outer bulb (10), keeping the discharge vessel centered and forming a buffer in the case of shocks.

Abstract: A flat panel device contains a faceplate, a backplate, a light-emitting mechanism, and a spacer. The faceplate is connected to the backplate to form a sealed enclosure. The spacer is situated within the enclosure and supports the two plates against forces acting towards the enclosure. The spacer can take various forms and can be constituted with various materials. In one embodiment, the spacer includes a spacer wall formed with multiple sheets of laminated material consisting of ceramic, glass-ceramic, ceramic reinforced glass, devitrifying glass, or metal coated with electrical insulation. In another embodiment, the spacer includes a spacer wall having a surface that follows a non-straight path adjacent the faceplate. In yet another embodiment, the spacer is a spacer structure through which a plurality of holes extends. The light-emitting mechanism is typically implemented with an electron-emitting cathode and light-emissive material situated over the faceplate.

Abstract: A field emission display device has a faceplate and a backplate. The faceplate includes a faceplate interior side with an active region made of a plurality of phosphor pixel elements; and the backplate has a backplate interior side with a plurality of field emitters. Sidewalls are positioned between the faceplate and the backplate, to form an enclosed sealed envelope between the sidewalls, backplate interior side and the faceplate interior side. At least one spacer wall in the envelope supports the backplate and the faceplate against forces acting in a direction toward the envelope. At least one internal structure fixes and constrains the faceplate and the backplate, and aligns a plurality of phosphor pixels with corresponding field emitters. Additionally, the faceplate can include at least one faceplate fiducial, and the backplate include a corresponding backplate fiducial. The faceplate fiducial is optically aligned with the backplate fiducial. First, the spacer wall is positioned in the wall gripper.

Abstract: An optical device contains first and second plates (302 and 303), a pattern of ridges (314) situated over the first plate, light-emissive regions (313) situated in spaces between the ridges, electron-emissive elements (309) situated over the second plate, and supporting structure (308) that maintains a desired spacing between the plates. The electron-emissive elements emit electrons that strike the light-emissive regions, causing them to produce light of various colors. The ridges, which extend further away from the first plate than the light-emissive regions, are substantially non-emissive of light when hit by electrons. Each ridge includes a dark region formed with metal, ceramic, semiconductor, or/and carbide. The ridges thereby form a raised black matrix that improves contrast and color purity.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube of the present invention has an envelope for accommodating an anode for receiving thermoelectrons emitted from a thermionic cathode, a focusing electrode for focusing a path of the thermoelectrons from the thermionic cathode to the anode, and a discharge shielding plate consisting of a material having electrical insulating properties, the anode being arranged in contact with one side of the discharge plate, and the focusing electrode being arranged in contact with the other side of the discharge shielding plate. Since the anode and the focusing electrode are arranged in contact with both the sides of the discharge shielding plate consisting of an insulating material such as a ceramic, the positions of these electrodes are held at high accuracy, and the electrical insulating properties therebetween are maintained even at a high temperature during long-time continuous light emission.

Abstract: A faceplate for a field emission display includes a substrate defining a faceplate interior side. Pluralities of phosphor pixels are disposed on the faceplate interior side. A black matrix grid is formed of column and row guard bands on the faceplate interior side. At least one wall gripper is formed in a column or row guard band, with the wall gripper adapted to receive a spacer wall and mount it relative to the pluralities of phosphor pixels. The faceplate can include a faceplate fiducial that optically aligns to a corresponding backplate fiducial. A spacer wall is positioned in the wall gripper and mounted relative to a corresponding locator formed on a backplate interior side. The wall gripper includes a receiving trench that is positioned adjacent to a plurality of deformation accommodation gaps.

Abstract: A field emission cathode is provided which includes a substrate and a conductive layer disposed adjacent the substrate. An electrically resistive pillar is disposed adjacent the conductive layer, the resistive pillar having a substantially flat surface spaced from and substantially parallel to the substrate. A layer of diamond is disposed adjacent the surface of the resistive pillar.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a faceplate and an opposing backplate. The two are sealed together and a sealed envelope is created that includes an active area of length L.sub.1. The active layer includes addressable pixels on the faceplate. Spacers are perpendicular to the faceplate and backplate. The length of a spacer is in a direction parallel to the plane of the faceplate. At least one spacer is positioned in the envelope and provides rigidity to the display. This is required because of the high vacuum which is maintained within the envelope. One or more electrodes are formed on an exterior surface of the spacer. The electrodes extend a length of L.sub.2 along a side of the spacer that is at least equal to L.sub.1. Voltages applied to the electrodes are controlled to achieve a desired voltage distribution between the backplate and the faceplate. The electrode is made of a material with a sheet resistance of less than about 10.sup.5 to 10.sup.7 .OMEGA./.quadrature..

Abstract: A metal halide arc discharge lamp includes a sealed outer envelope, an arc tube located within the envelope, a cylindrical shroud positioned around the arc tube, stops positioned at ends of the shroud to capture the shroud therebetween, and conduction wires which both provide electrical energy to the arc tube and mechanically support the arc tube and the shroud. The outside diameter of the shroud is maximized in relation to the inside diameter of the neck of the outer envelope such that the shroud can be inserted through the neck during manufacture of said lamp. In order to reduce electrolytic sodium loss, a conductor wire passing through the shroud in close proximity to the arc tube is surrounded by a ceramic sleeve to electrically insulate the conductor wire from the arc tube, and the stops are ceramic to electrically insulate the shroud from the conductor wires.

Abstract: A light-emitting structure (306) contains a main section (302), a pattern of ridges (314) situated along the main section, and a plurality of light-emissive regions (313) situated in spaces between the ridges. The light-emissive regions produce light of various colors upon being hit by electrons. The ridges, which extend further away from the main section than the light-emissive regions, are substantially non-emissive of light when hit by electrons. Each ridge includes a dark region. The ridges thereby form a raised black matrix that improves contrast and color purity. The dark region of each ridge may be formed with metal, ceramic, semiconductor, or carbide. Each ridge may include an additional region (314b) of different chemical composition than the dark region.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent lamp which comprises first and second glass plates and at least one spacer interposed between the glass plates, the spacer projecting in the form of a rib from an inner surface of at least one of the two glass plates toward the other glass plate, the first glass plate being formed in a luminescent surface thereof with a diffusion groove positioned in corresponding relation to the spacer and V-shaped or curved in cross section.

Abstract: A matrix-addressed diode flat panel display of field emission type is described, utilizing a diode (two terminal) pixel structure. The flat panel display includes a cathode assembly having a plurality of cathodes, each cathode including a layer of cathode conductive material and a layer of a low effective work-function material deposited over the cathode conductive material and an anode assembly having a plurality of anodes, each anode including a layer of anode conductive material and a layer of cathodoluminescent material deposited over the anode conductive material, the anode assembly located proximate the cathode assembly to thereby receive charged particle emissions from the cathode assembly, the cathodoluminescent material emitting light in response to the charged particle emissions.

Abstract: A spacer 40 for use in a field emission device includes a comb-like structure having a plurality of elongated filaments 42 joined to a support member 44. The filaments 42, which may be glass, are positioned longitudinally in a single layer between the facing surfaces of the anode structure 10 and the electron emitting: structure 12. Support member 44 is positioned entirely outside the active regions of anode structure 10 and emitting structure 12. Spacer 40 provides voltage isolation between the anode structure 10 and the cathode structure 12, and also provides standoff of the mechanical forces of vacuum within the assembly. In a second embodiment, spacer 50 includes elongated filaments 52 joined at each end to a support member 54 a and 54b, the additional support facilitating handling, fabrication and assembly.

Abstract: To facilitate manufacture and assembly of a high-pressure discharge lamp ing an inner discharge vessel (4) within an outer bulb (1), and which is protected against explosion or bursting of the discharge vessel by a protective sleeve or body (8), typically formed of two sleeves or tubes (8a, 8b) of quartz glass or hard glass, the two glass tubes surround the discharge vessel (4) over its entire coaxial length and, when coated with an infrared (IR) reflective coating and an ultraviolet (UV) radiation coating, additionally function as a heat retention or heat damming element and a UV radiation protective element. Two ceramic insulating centering and holding elements are carried by a lamp holder structure (9), engaging the open ends of the glass tubes (8a, 8a). The ceramic elements are formed with steps (20a, 20b, 20c) or grooves (520a, 520b) to position the glass tubes spaced from each other and concentric with respect to the discharge vessel.

Abstract: A gas discharge display having a base member, a spacer member, an electrode member and a window sealed to each other to form a gas tight structure. The base member, spacer member and electrode member are made from copper clad printed circuit boards and are fabricated using existing printed circuit board technology. The spacer member and electrode member have a matrix of holes aligned with each other along orthogonal rows and columns. Parallel lower electrodes are provided on the surface of the base member aligned with either the rows or columns. Cylindrical upper electrodes are provided in the holes of the electrode member and are connected to each other by parallel electrical connectors provided on the surface of the electrode member orthogonal to the parallel electrodes on the base member. The display is sealed with an ionizable gas contained within the holes of the spacer and electrode members.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp includes a pair of arc tubes connected electrically in parallel within an outer envelope, which includes a lamp stem having a pair of stem conductors entering the lamp envelope in a common plane. The arc tubes include conductive feed-throughs at each end thereof. A lamp frame supports the arc tubes in a plane parallel with the stem conductors and is welded directly to each of the feed-throughs with all welds in a common plane with the welds between the frame and the stem conductors. The frame includes a resiliently deformable transverse member which allows for independent changes in length of the arc tubes during lamp operation due to thermal expansion/contraction. The frame is free of slip fit connections with the feed-throughs and free of additional conductive straps connected to the feed-throughs.

Abstract: In a flat display device, for example, a luminescent display a spacer structure (5) is provided between two substrates (1, 3). To this end a mask (9, 15) consisting, if necessary, of a plurality of layers is incorporated in a photosensitive material (8, 13). After exposure, development and removal of the mask, the desired spacer structure is obtained.

Abstract: A large area multi-channel flat fluorescent lamp with improved efficiency consists of two groups of closed hollow electrodes which are printed on the inner surfaces of the opposing ends of two flat glass substrates. The substrates are sealed together and have wave-guiding spacers which protect the lamp from implosion and also maintain a fixed spacing between the two substrates. A dielectric reflective layer is coated on the inner side of one of the substrates with an over-coat of phosphor, and the inner opposing surface of the other substrate is coated with only the phosphor. The space between the substrates is first evacuated and then filled with an inert gas and mercury vapor. The multi-channel closed hollow electrode structure with wave-guiding spacers, in combination with a reflective dielectric layer produces greater brightness with better brightness uniformity over a large area. In addition, the large area multi-channel flat fluorescent lamp maintains high efficiency and has a long life.

Abstract: A light-emitting device having front and back panels combined together through a spacer and frit glass, wherein the frit glass is prevented from flowing onto a fluorescent surface or flowing out to the outer surface side of the spacer. A joint surface of the spacer on the front panel side is provided with a slanted surface spaced more from the front panel as the outer periphery of the light-emitting device is approached. Alternatively, a gap for accommodating frit glass may be provided at an outer side portion of the joint surface. Further, the front panel and/or the back panel may be joined to the spacer by frit glass which is applied to each joint surface of the spacer by screen printing.

Abstract: An image display device displays an image based on visible fluorescent radiation caused by electron beams emitted from a plurality of parallel spaced filamentary cathodes that extend over a substrate. A pair of support bars fixed to opposite sides of the substrate has a pair of spaced arrays of through holes defined therein, and supports a pair of spaced arrays of electrically conductive pins extending through through holes, with a plurality of electrically insulating bodies disposed around the electrically conductive pins and fitted in the through holes, respectively. Each of the filamentary cathodes has opposite ends secured to the support member and held against outer circumferential surfaces of one pair of electrically conductive pins of the spaced arrays.

Abstract: An electron source includes: linear thermionic cathodes for emitting electron beams; an electron beam lead-out electrode which is disposed substantially in a parallel relationship with the linear thermionic cathodes and is formed with apertures for passing the electron beams therethrough; and a plurality of support members for supporting the linear thermionic cathodes each of which has a contact portion held in contact with at least a portion of the linear thermionic cathodes; wherein each of the apertures of the elctron beam lead-out electrodes is disposed so as to confront the contact portion of the support member.

Abstract: In a cathodoluminescent display device, spacer elements are used to provide rigid mechanical support between the face and back plates when the chamber of the device is evacuated so that thin face and back plates may be used even for large-screen displays. The spacer support includes a spacer plate having holes therein for passage of electrons between the anode and cathode where a predetermined small number of one or more pixel dots corresponds to and spatially overlaps one hole, thereby reducing crosstalk. Shadow-reducing electrodes are employed on the back plate and spacer members alongside the cathode to cause the path of electrons from the cathode to the anode to bend towards the spacer members in order to reduce shadows caused by the presence of the spacer members. Various configurations of the two or three sets of grid electrodes may be employed to improve resolution and focusing.

Abstract: A reservoir dispenser cathode structure having improved thermal efficiency is provided by inner and outer subassemblies. The inner subassembly has a molybdenum heater cup to which a tungsten-rhenium alloy cap is laser seam-welded. The outer subassembly has a tantalum support cylinder within which the inner subassembly is supported by means of a three-point suspension in the form of tabs that are lanced from the tantalum cylinder and spot-welded to the heater cup. The heater has a coiled-coil design wherein the coils are coated with Al.sub.3 O.sub.3 and small particle tungsten powder to increase the coil's thermal emissivity. This thermally-efficient structure permits the achievement of high current density (greater than 3 Amperes per square centimeter) with heater power that is less than 1.3 Watts.

Abstract: Fabrication of spacer supports for use in field emitter displays through a process which involves 1) forming a mold for the spacers in a substrate through the use of micro-saw technology, 2) filling the mold with a material that is selectively etchable with respect to the mold, 3) optionally, planarizing the excess material to the level of the mold using chemical mechanical planarization, 4) attaching the filled mold to one of the electrode plates of the field emitter display, and 5) etching away (removing) the mold, after which 6) the plate can be aligned with its complementary electrode plate, and 7) a vacuum formed.

Abstract: A discharge tube has a sealed envelope filled with a gas; an anode, cathode and shielding electrode built in the sealed envelope; and electrode holding pins. At least eight electrode holding pins penetrate a button stem so as to be arranged at predetermined intervals on a circle coaxial with the button stem, and, of at least eight electrode holding pins, at least three hold the cathode, at least three hold the shielding electrode, and at least two hold the anode.

Abstract: An elongated tubular lamp such as an arc lamp or tungsten halogen lamp mounted in a reflector or lamp mount by means of a long and a short mount wire is more resistant to breaking off the mount wires if the short mount wire is smaller in diameter than the long mount wire, but not smaller than the diameter of the lamp lead wire to which it is welded in combination with the lamp lead wire being molybdenum alloy having a recrystallization temperature at least about 200.degree. C. higher than molybdenum.

Abstract: In an image intensifier comprising an evacuated vessel with a first disk which forms an input window and on whose inner surface a photocathode is disposed, and with a second disk which forms an output window and on whose inner surface a fluorescent screen is disposed. The spacing between the first and second disks is small in relation to the diameter of the image intensifier. The input and output windows are plane-parallel, and a spacer ring is disposed between the first and second disks whose inside diameter increases from the area of the first disk in the direction of the second disk. The spacer ring is spaced at its inside diameter as close as possible to the first disk.

Abstract: Beam generating system for electron beam measuring instruments. In prior art beam generators, the life expectancy of directly heated boride cathodes is limited by their thermally disadvantageous mount. The present invention provides a cathode not clamped at the lower end of the crystal shank as was previously standard, but clamped immediately below the cathode tip. The inventive mount of the boride cathode results in the crystal being only insignificantly hotter in the region of the clamping plane than at the electron-emitting tip.

Abstract: A cathode structure comprises a substrate including a porous sinter of a metal having a high melting point, which is impregnated with electron emitting material, a metal cup for receiving the substrate, a layer of solder disposed between the substrate and the metal cup, a covering layer disposed between the substrate and the solder layer and made of a metal having a melting point higher than that of the solder, a metal sleeve for supporting the metal cup, and a heater.

Abstract: In a magnetron, two rods are supported by a stem in cantilever fashion and a filament (cathode) is connected between two end hats attached to two free ends of the rods. Therefore, these two rods are apt to be vibrated by an external force (e.g. an air screwdriver) during assembly or in transit. To suppress relative displacement of the two rods of magnetron due to external force, the natural frequency of the first vibration system composed of a first rod and a first end hat is determined substantially equal to that of the second vibration system composed of a second rod and a second end hat.

Abstract: An electron gun for a vacuum tube employs a mounting element having an inner annular section with a defined thickness made to predetermined dimensional tolerances. The cathode subassembly is positioned on one surface of the annular section and a grid electrode is located on the opposing surface. When the mounting element is set within the vacuum tube facing the anode electrode, the location of the cathode subassembly and grid electrode in the mounting element establishes a precise cathode-to-anode spacing and the electrodes are properly aligned and concentric to a central axis along which the electron beam travels.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp with a screw base having a lamp with an inner tube, an outer case which is provided at one end of the lamp and includes an operating circuit section therein and has a screw base at one end of the outer case, and a molding compound having excellent insulation and good conduction of heat which is pressed and interposed into the gap between the operating circuit section and the outer case in order to transfer the heat generated in the operating circuit section to the outer case.

Abstract: A cathode cup structure for a high voltage x-ray tube having a base formed of a weldable material and an exposed upper surface of a non-weldable material bonded to the base. The upper surface may be machined from a block of graphite to form an appropriate cathode cup structure configuration and then bonded to a base formed of TZM using a platinum brazing compound. The graphite upper surface may be coated with pyroltic carbon to reduce dust or alternatively, may be formed of a composition of silicon carbide graphite to minimize dusting problems. The graphite composition of the upper section of the cathode cup minimizes the risk of welding of an electron emissive filament passing through the cup structure.

Abstract: The invention provides a modular-building block method and system of fabrication, installation, alignment and operation of a multi-beam assembly of miniaturized, all-electrostatic charged particle optical columns, such electron beam or ion beam optical columns mounted in parallel in a closely packed cluster over a small target surface area for parallel simultaneous charged particle beam writing on the target surface with the multiple-channel cluster of charged particle beam optical columns. The assembly provides a system and method of increased thru-put in the direct charged particle beam writing on semiconductor target wafers during fabrication of semiconductor micro-circuit chips.

Abstract: A color tube comprises a panel having a patterned screen of phosphor deposits. The panel includes a registration affording arrangement defined by a first plurality of cavities each comprising an elongated, substantially radially aligned portion formed at a selected peripheral location upon the screen side of the panel. A frame dimensioned to enclose the screen comprises first and second spaced-apart surfaces and a registration affording arrangement defined by a second like plurality of cavities, each also comprising an elongated, substantially radially aligned portion formed at a selected peripheral location upon the frame's first surface. The pluralities of panel and frame cavities are arranged so that, collectively, the axes of the elongated portions of the panel cavities and of the frame cavities exhibit substantially the same radial geometry. A tensed foil color selection electrode having a pattern of apertures has a peripheral portion bonded to the frame's second surface.

Abstract: The cathode (4) the material of which is substantially high-melting metal such as W, Mo, Ta, Nb, Re and/or C, consists of a very fine-grained mechanically stable support layer (5), a series of layers (6) considerably enriched with emissive material, in general from the scandium group especially from the group of rare earth metals, preferably with Th or compounds thereof and a thermally stable preferentially oriented coating layer (7). All the layers are provided via the gaseous phase, for example, CVD methods, on a substrate (1) formed according to the desired cathode geometry. The substrate (1) is removed after termination of the deposition. FIG. 2.

Abstract: A cathode structure includes a thermal conductive member, a heater for heating a thermal conductive member, a metal substrate having a first surface facing a thermal conductive member and a second surface and attached to the thermal conductive member to form a space between a central portion of a second surface and the thermal conductive member, and an electron emitting member provided on a second surface of a metal substrate.

Abstract: Critical spacings between the cathode and grid of an electron gun structure are enabled by a cathode structure including a removable spacer, such structure produced by first forming a layer of potentially electron emissive material on the cathode, then forming a solvent drop on the layer, and contacting the drop with a spacer to adhere the spacer to the layer.

Abstract: A photomultiplier assembly includes a tubular member of high magnetic permeability and a photomultiplier tube disposed within the tubular member. The photomultiplier tube has an encapsulated voltage distribution network attached thereto. A universal member extends longitudinally along at least a portion of the photomultiplier tube and provides a slip-fit between the photomultiplier tube and the tubular member so as to space the photomultiplier tube from the tubular member. The universal member has a retaining shoulder which projects radially inwardly between the photomultiplier tube and the voltage distribution network. A plurality of locking members are affixed between the universal member and the tubular member.

Abstract: In an electron gun, e.g. for a cathode ray tube, an anode is supported from another anode by spacers which fit between overlapping portions of the two anodes and locate in recesses in the two overlapping portions. The spacers are typically glass balls. The invention finds especial application in mounting of a final anode whose diameter is greater than the diameter on which rods supporting the other electrodes of the gun lie.

Abstract: A spacer mount for a gas-discharge display device in which glass elements are arranged between a control hole plate and a fluorescent screen carrying image points of luminous material has a plurality of glass plates stacked one atop another between the control hole plate and the fluorescent screen. The glass layers include holes aligned with the holes of the control hole plate and the image points, and at least one metal layer is interposed between at least two of the glass plates and has holes aligned with the holes of the control hole plate.

Abstract: Guide for electrodes in a metal paper printer in which V-shaped grooves are formed in monocrystalline silicon by crystallographic etching and the guide is thereafter coated with a glass passivation layer.