Abstract: A flat-panel display contains a pair of plate structure (20 and 22) separated by a spacer (24) having a rough face (54 or 56). When electrons strike the spacer, the roughness in the spacer's face causes the number of secondary electrons that escape the spacer to be reduced, thereby alleviating positive charge buildup on the spacer. As a result, the image produced by the display is improved. The spacer facial roughness can be achieved in various ways such as depressions (60, 62, 64, 66, 70, 74, or 80) or/and protuberances (82, 84, 88, and 92). Various techniques are presented for manufacturing the display, including the rough-faced spacer.

Abstract: A tubular fluorescent lamp (2) comprises an electrode (8) mounted inside the glass tube (4) which is at least partly surrounded by an electrode cover (16) mounted inside the glass tube (4) and situated between the electrode (8) and the wall of the glass tube (4) at a distance from them. According to the invention, a spacer (24) is placed in such a way that when the electrode cover (16) unintentionally is moved from its mounting position in a radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis of the glass tube (4), contact occurs between the electrode cover (16) and the spacer (24), and between the spacer (24) and the inside of the wall of the glass tube (4), preventing the movement of the electrode cover (16) before it comes into direct contact with the inside of the wall of the glass tube (4). Thereby is prevented that the tubular fluorescent lamp cracks and may fall out from its fittings. The spacer is preferably a mica plate (24) with larger diameter than the electrode cover (16).

Abstract: The compact low-pressure discharge lamp (1) has a wound tubular discharge vessel (2) with at least four straight tubes (6, 7) which are in a polygonal arrangement and, close to or at the ends of the straight tubes (6, 7), are connected by transverse connections (8, 10, 11) to form a single continuous discharge path which is closed off in a gastight manner. A coil spring (14) made from metal, which runs parallel to the tubes (6, 7) is arranged in the center of the cylindrical cavity (13) formed by the straight tubes (6, 7) of the discharge vessel (2). The coil spring (14) reduces the firing voltage required.

Abstract: A hermetically sealed container includes a front substrate, a back substrate disposed opposite to the front substrate, and an outer frame disposed in a peripheral portion between the front substrate and the back substrate. The front and back substrates and the outer frame are bonded with an adhesive to form a hermetically sealed space. When a ratio W/T of width W and thickness of T of the outer frame is set to an aspect ratio A of the outer frame, 1.5≦A.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a spacer that defines the spacing between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer has a portion ruggedized with grooves on the surface thereof exposed in the space between the first substrate and the second substrate. The grooves extend in a striped fashion substantially parallel with the first substrate and the second substrate. The ruggedized portion includes a plurality of regions, which are different from each other, in the ruggedized configuration. The image-forming apparatus thus controls an electron beam with a high accuracy, with no disturbance caused by the spacer.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with an electron beam apparatus comprising: a hermetic container; an electron source disposed within the hermetic container; and a spacer; wherein the spacer includes at least a region where a layer containing fine particles exists, a sheet resistance measured at the surface of the region of the spacer is 107 &OHgr;/□ or more, and the fine particles are 1000 Å or less in the average diameter of the particles and includes at least metal elements. The electron beam apparatus exhibits the excellent display quality which suppresses the displacement of the light emission point with the charge and the creeping discharge, and the long-period reliability.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a glass spacer intended to keep two substrates spaced apart, its glass matrix having a volume electronic conductivity advantageously between 1031 13 and 1031 5 ohm31 1.cm31 1.

Abstract: A spacer using a cross structure, which is used to maintain the interval between two panels, for large flat panel display devices, and a flat panel display device using the spacer, are provided. This spacer includes a cross-rib type spacer obtained by combining a cross structure and a rib structure, and a cross-trapezoid type spacer obtained by combining a cross structure and a trapezoid rib structure. These spacer structures facilitate enlargement of panels by increasing the supporting strength while maintaining a high aspect ratio. Also, while these types of spacers are incorporated with a metal mesh, the distance between the mesh and a substrate is freely controlled according to the length of a cross structure, thereby improving the focusing of emitted electrons.

Abstract: A flat fluorescent discharge lamp is disclosed, which includes a first glass substrate having a plurality of electrodes to apply a voltage, a second glass substrate deposited with a first phosphor film on a surface opposite to the first glass substrate, a hollow spacer formed between the first and second glass substrates, having a window on at least one side, and a second phosphor film deposited on inner and outer sides of the spacer.

Abstract: A glass spacer for an electron-beam emitting display device is composed of non alkaline glass having almost the same linear expansion coefficient as that of soda-lime-silica glass. The glass includes SiO2 with 10 to 35 percent by mass, RO, in which “R” refers to an alkaline earth metal, with 20 to 60 percent by mass, B2O3 with 9 to 30 percent by mass and Al2O3 with 0 to 10 percent by mass, and which is substantially free of alkali. The linear expansion coefficient of the glass spacer is in a range from 76×10−7/° C. to 92×10−7/° C. The glass spacer may further include La2O3 with 0 to 30 percent by mass, ZnO with 0 to 8 percent by mass and TiO2 with 0 to 5 percent by mass.

Abstract: In a gas discharge tube in which a sealed envelope at least a part of which transmits light is filled with a gas, and electric discharge is generated between anode and cathode sections disposed within the sealed envelope, so as to emit predetermined light outside from the light-transmitting part of the sealed envelope, the anode section is mounted on an insulating anode support member, an insulating electrode support member having an opening for exposing the anode section is mounted on a surface surrounding the anode section, a focusing electrode having a focusing opening projecting toward the anode section is further mounted at the front face of the opening, and the cathode section is disposed on the anode support member or focusing electrode support member so as to be spaced from the focusing opening.

Abstract: A display panel module includes a substrate, a circuit board, electrode terminals aligned in a first direction over a surface of the substrate, each of the electrode terminals extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, lead terminals aligned in the first direction over a confronting surface of the circuit board to the substrate, at least an anisotropically conductive film sandwiched between the electrode terminals and the lead terminals, and a plurality of first electrically insulating walls on the substrate in at least selected plural ones of gaps between selected ones of the electrode terminals and on opposite side regions of the module, the opposite side regions being distanced in the first direction and separated by a center region. The first electrically insulating walls have a first height that is higher than a first total height of the electrode terminals and the anisotropically conductive film.

Abstract: The present application discloses a display unit in which a display unit is supported by a support. Particularly, in the configuration in which are provided a display section including a face plate and a rear plate arranged opposite to the face plate and a support supporting the display section, the display section is bonded to and supported by the support.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus with good yield and high reliability is provided by devising and improving the shape of a supporting member. Therefore, a flat type image-forming apparatus has at least a rear plate, a face plate arranged oppositely to the rear plate, and a supporting member arranged between the rear plate and the face plate and holding the distance between the rear plate and the face plate in an outer circumferential edge portion. In this flat type image-forming apparatus, the shape of a nook portion of the supporting member is set to an arc shape on the inner or outer side of a container.

Abstract: The present PDP includes a rear plate, a plurality of barrier ribs on the rear plate, and a front plate in parallel with the rear plate. The front plate includes a transparent dielectric layer, a plurality of joint notches on the transparent dielectric layer, and a protective layer on the transparent dielectric layer that covers the joint notches. The position of each of the joint notches is aligned with the position of one corresponding barrier rib, and each joint notch has a filler to affix within the joint notch corresponding the barrier rib. When the front plate is mounted onto the rear plate, the top of each of the barrier ribs of the rear plate is pushed through the protective layer and is embedded in the corresponding joint notch of the front plate. The filler within each of the joint notches fills the gap between the top of the barrier rib embedded in the joint notch and the joint notch so that the front plate is tightly fixed to the rear plate.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an envelope including as constituent elements first and second substrates spaced by some distance an electron source and an image forming member for forming an image upon irradiation of electrons from the electron source, the electron source and the image forming member being disposed in the envelope and a spacer for maintaining the distance between the first and second substrates, wherein the spacer is conductive and has a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the surface of the spacer or the spacer is constituted of an insulating base member, a conductive film formed on the insulating base member, and a heat resistant organic polymer film formed on the conductive film.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to support structures such as spacers used to provide a uniform distance between two layers of a device. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, the spacers may be formed utilizing flow-fill deposition of a wet film in the form of a precursor such as silicon dioxide. Formation of spacers in this manner provides a homogenous amorphous support structure that may be used to provide necessary spacing between layers of a device such as a flat panel display.

Abstract: The disclosed method for forming a field emission display includes forming a cathode and an anode, forming a plurality of photoresist posts over the cathode, and coating the posts with a coating material. The coating material forms sidewalls around the posts. The photoresist posts may then be removed from within the sidewalls. The anode may then be fitted onto the sidewalls so that the sidewalls function as spacers in the field emission display.

Abstract: There is provided a vacuum envelope having at least a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with a predetermined distance thereto, and plural spacers positioned between the first and second substrates, wherein a ratio &eegr; defined by S/A in which A is the internal cross sectional area of the vacuum envelope in a cross section parallel to the principal plane of the first or second substrates and S is the total cross sectional area of the plural spacers on such cross section satisfies a relation 0.018%≦&eegr;≦7.8%.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a vacuum container having a pair of flat panels disposed facing each other at a predetermined gap, and a spacer disposed between the panels to maintain the gap. The spacer includes plural sub-spacers bonded to each other at least one bonding portion.

Abstract: A flat panel display and process for forming and the flat panel display having an anodically bonded array of spacer columns to one of the inner major faces on one of the generally planar plates of an evacuated, flat-panel video display. The process including providing a generally planar plate having a plurality of spacer column attachment sites; providing electrical interconnection between all attachment sites, coating each attachment site with a patch of oxidizable material; providing an array of unattached permanent glass spacer columns, each unattached permanent spacer columns being of uniform length and being positioned longitudinally perpendicular to a single plane, with the plane intersecting the midpoint of each unattached spacer column; positioning the array such that an end of one permanent spacer column is in contact with the oxidizable material patch at each attachment site, and anodically bonding the contacting end of each permanent spacer column to the oxidizable material layer.

Abstract: There is provided a vacuum envelope having at least a first substrate, a second substrate opposed to the first substrate with a predetermined distance thereto, and plural spacers positioned between the first and second substrates A ratio &eegr; is defined by S/A, in which A is the internal cross-sectional area of the vacuum envelope in a cross-section parallel to a plane of one substrate opposed to the other substrate and S is the total cross sectional area of the plural spacers on such cross section, and satisfies a relation 0.78%≦&eegr;≦7.8%.

Abstract: Barrier ribs of a plasma display panel are manufactured by a) forming barrier ribs having predetermined thicknesses on a substrate where electrodes are formed, b) heating the barrier ribs to a maximum baking temperature to bake the barrier ribs, c) cooling the barrier ribs to an intermediate temperature lower than the maximum baking temperature, d) pressing upper portions of the barrier ribs by using a planarization roller at the intermediate temperature so as to make upper surfaces of the barrier ribs plane, and e) cooling the barrier ribs to a room temperature.

Abstract: An electron beam device comprising an electron source having an electron-emitting device, a member to be irradiated with an electron beam disposed opposite to the electron source, and an electrically conductive spacer disposed between the electron source and the member to be irradiated with the electron beam, is characterized in that an electrode is disposed along an end portion of the spacer on the electron source side, and the electrode is disposed inside a region of a surface of the end portion of the spacer which is directed toward the electron source side.

Abstract: To prevent lowering of the brightness of a displayed image, realize satisfactory strength against high pressure and reliably form spacers, an image display apparatus incorporates an anode substrate having a structure in which at least an image display portion is formed on a first substrate; a cathode substrate in which at least an electron emission units are formed on a second substrate and which is disposed opposite to the anode substrate; and spacers each of which formed into a substantially rectangular shape and which are stood erect between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate, wherein the two long sides of the spacer are secured to at least either of the anode substrate or the cathode substrate, and tensions are added to the spacers in the lengthwise direction of the spacers.

Abstract: A display includes a baseplate and an emitter formed on the baseplate. The display also includes a faceplate having a cathodoluminescent coating on a surface facing the baseplate and the emitter. A plurality of spacers separate the faceplate and the baseplate to prevent bowing of the faceplate or the baseplate towards each other. The spacers are formed from silicon, simplifying field emission device assembly and resulting in a superior display.

Abstract: A triode carbon nanotube field emission display (FED) using a barrier rib structure and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. In a triode carbon nanotube FED employing barrier ribs, barrier ribs are formed on cathode lines by a screen printing method, a mesh structure is mounted on the barrier ribs, and a spacer is inserted between the barrier ribs through slots of the mesh structure, thereby stably fixing the mesh structure and the spacer within a FED panel due to support by the barrier ribs.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus comprises an electron source having a substrate on which a plurality of electron emitting devices are arranged, a face plate provided with fluorescent substances for emitting light of different colors and serving to form a color image upon irradiation of electrons by the electron emitting devices. Rectangular spacers are arrange between the substrate and the face plate and are fixed to the face plate and contacted to the substrate via soft members.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an image forming apparatus having an envelope made of members inclusive of a first substrate and a second substrate disposed at a space being set therebetween, image forming means and spacers disposed in the envelope, the spacers maintaining the space, the method comprising the steps of forming a spacer having a desired shape by cutting a spacer base member, and abutting the spacer upon the first and second substrates at non-cut surfaces of the spacer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a field emission display constructed using an array of fibers and an orthogonal array of emitter electrodes. Each fiber in the fiber array contains an extraction electrode, spacer, a high voltage electrode and a phosphor layer. The array of emitter electrodes consists of carbon nanotube emitters attached to conductive electrodes. The emitter electrodes are separated using non-conductive fibers. A getter material in the form of a wire is placed within the array of emitter electrodes to maintain a high vacuum within the display.

Abstract: To provide a photosensitive paste that permits pattern formation with a high aspect ratio and a high accuracy and to provide a plasma display comprising said photosensitive paste, by using a photosensitive paste that comprises, as essential components, an inorganic particles and an organic component that contains a photosensitive compound with the difference between the average refractive index of the organic component and the average refractive index of the inorganic particles being 0.1 or less.

Abstract: A resistor includes a mixture of at least one of a metal conductive oxide and a transition metal material with an insulating oxide. A method for producing such a resistor includes the steps of forming an electrode on one of an alumina substrate, a glass substrate and a glass tube; and flame-spraying a mixture of at least one of a metal conductive oxide and a transition metal material with an insulating oxide, thereby depositing the mixture on the one of the alumina substrate, the glass substrate and the glass tube.

Abstract: A large-area field emission device (“FED”) which is sealed under a predetermined level of vacuum pressure and method for making same includes a large-area substrate, an emitter electrode structure disposed on the substrate such that the emitter structure is disposed over a substantial portion of the substrate, a plurality of groups of micropoints, with each group having a predetermined number of micropoints and with each group being disposed at discrete positions on the emitter electrode structure, an insulating layer disposed over the substrate, with the insulating layer having openings therethrough which have a diameter within a predetermined range, and with each openings surrounding at least a portion a micropoint, an extraction structure disposed on the insulating layer, with the extraction structure having openings therethrough which have a diameter within a predetermined range, with each openings surrounding at least a portion of a micropoint, and with the openings in the extraction structur

Abstract: A spacer (140) suitable for use in a flat panel display is formed with ceramic, transition metal, and oxygen. At least part of the oxygen is bonded to the transition metal or/and constituents of the ceramic to form a uniform electrically resistive material having a resistivity of 105-1010 ohm-cm and a secondary electron emission coefficient of less than 2 at 2 kilovolts.

Abstract: To prevent lowering of the brightness of a displayed image, realize satisfactory strength against high pressure and reliably form spacers, an image display apparatus incorporates an anode substrate having a structure in which at least an image display portion is formed on a first substrate; a cathode substrate in which at least an electron emission units are formed on a second substrate and which is disposed opposite to the anode substrate; and spacers each of which formed into a substantially rectangular shape and which are stood erect between the anode substrate and the cathode substrate, wherein the two long sides of the spacer are secured to at least either of the anode substrate or the cathode substrate, and tensions are added to the spacers in the lengthwise direction of the spacers.

Abstract: A plasma display panel is disclosed, which prevents luminance from being reduced, prevents error discharge from occurring due to crosstalk, and improves exhaust ability. Auxiliary barriers or projections are formed in a boundary portion between respective cells in a stripe type barrier structure. Alternatively, a predetermined groove is formed in a predetermined position of a dielectric layer in a lattice shaped barrier structure. In addition to these barriers, second barriers are formed at a greater width or at constant intervals. Thus, exhaust ability can be improved, and error discharge due to crosstalk can be prevented from occurring. Also, luminance in corner portions of the cell can be improved, and contrast can be improved even if a black matrix is not formed.

Abstract: This invention discloses an image forming apparatus having an electron source on which a plurality of electron-emitting devices are arranged, an image forming member on which an image is formed by electrons emitted by the electron-emitting devices, and a structure for maintaining an interval between the electron source and the image forming member, in which an interval between two electron-emitting devices adjacent to each other via the structure is larger than an interval between two electron-emitting devices adjacent to each other without the mediacy of the structure, and electrons emitted by the electron-emitting devices are deflected toward the structure.

Abstract: A structure of a vacuum display device is mainly constructed in a vacuum chamber, which is formed by the enclosure of a surface plate, a base plate, and a spacer plate. The surface plate includes a display matrix and a black matrix, the base plate includes an inner surface and an outer surface, while the spacer plate possesses a plurality of recesses in its edges. The required electrode lead wires are disposed on the inner surface of the base plate and are extended out through the recesses. A plurality of fins are disposed on the spacer plates to support the surface plate, the base plate, and the spacer plate, and are located at the black matrices. Additionally, sealing material is used to seal the connections between the surface plate, the base plate, and the spacer plate, and is also used to fill the gaps in the recesses.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed for an open chamber photoluminescent lamp. The photoluminescent planar lamp is gas-filled and contains photoluminescent materials that emit visible light when the gas emits ultraviolet energy in response to a plasma discharge. The lamp comprises first and second opposing plates manufactured from a glass material having a loss tangent ≦0.05%. In another embodiment the first and second plates have a dielectric constant greater than 5. In yet another embodiment, the first and second plates have a volume resistivity greater than 1×1012 &OHgr;cm.

Abstract: This invention provides an arrangement for alleviating the electric charge of members apt to be electrically charged such as spacers used in an electron beam apparatus by arranging a high resistance film thereon. Particularly, the low resistance layer arranged at each of the members is covered by a high resistance film to suppress any electric discharges.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a plasma panel comprising a first tile called the rear tile and a second tile called the front tile, the two tiles being joined together with a distance of separation defining a space filled with gas, a first array of electrodes which is formed from a set of two parallel electrodes, called the sustaining electrodes, and which is placed on one of the tiles, a second array of electrodes called the addressing electrodes which is placed on the other tile, and an array of barriers which is placed on one of the tiles parallel to the array of addressing electrodes. According to the invention, the array of barriers is positioned on the tile carrying the first array of electrodes, the barriers having a height of less than the distance of separation between the two tiles and the separation between the two tiles is obtained by specific spacing means.

Abstract: A plurality of electron-emitting devices carried on a device substrate are arranged vis-a-vis an acceleration electrode carried on a face plate. The device substrate and the face plate, together with side walls disposed therebetween, constitute an envelope the inner space of which is kept under vacuum. A number of spacers are also disposed between the device substrate and the face plate within the inner space. The electric potential Va applied to the acceleration electrode, the distance l between the electron-emitting devices and the corresponding respective spacers, and the distance d between the electron-emitting devices and the acceleration electrode satisfy the relationship, Va·l2/d2>|&Dgr;Vsat|/(2·&agr;·&bgr;), where &agr; and &bgr; are constants determined from several factors and &Dgr;Vsat is the potential deviation of the spacer surface under charged conditions from that under uncharged conditions.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a vacuum envelope and an electron emission element, an image forming member and a spacer disposed within the vacuum envelope. The spacer, which is disposed between electrodes to which mutually different voltages are applied within the vacuum vessel, has semiconductivity on a surface thereof faced to vacuum and a conductive member arranged to encircle the surface.

Abstract: The intensity at which electrons emitted by a first plate structure (10) in a flat-panel display strike a second plate structure (12) for causing it to emit light is controlled so as to reduce image degradation that could otherwise arise from undesired electron-trajectory changes caused by effects such as the presence of a spacer system (14) between the plate structures. An electron-emissive region (20) in the first plate structure typically contains multiple laterally separated electron-emissive portions (201 and 202) for selectively emitting electrons. An electron-focusing system in the first plate structure has corresponding focus openings (42P1 and 42P2) through which electrons emitted by the electron-emissive portions respectively pass. Upon being struck by the so-emitted electrons, a light-emissive region (22) in the second plate structure emits light to produce at least part of a dot of the display's image.

Abstract: A process for fabricating a face plate for a flat panel display such as a field emission cathode type display is disclosed, the face plate having integral spacer support structures. Also disclosed is a product made by the aforesaid process.

Abstract: A ceramic metal halide lamp assembly (A) includes an elongated support or member wire (70) that provides both electrical connection and centering of the arctube within the lamp assembly. The support wire has at least one bent region (80) that extends over at least ninety degrees of the inner circumference of the capsule. Preferably, the bent region is disposed between the pinch seal region and the arc chamber so that it does not adversely impact on the desired beam pattern of the lamp assembly.

Abstract: To facilitate evaluation of the amount of a deviation in a column direction between a front substrate and a rear substrate upon assembly of a plasma display panel, thereby improving alignment accuracy between the front substrate and the rear substrate and performances of the resultant plasma display panel, there is provided a plasma display panel comprising partition 15 and position alignment-use ribs 20. The partition 15 is formed of vertical walls 15a extending in a column direction and horizontal walls 15b extending in a row direction on a rear glass substrate 13 so as to partition a discharge space S between a front glass substrate 10 and the rear glass substrate 13 in the row and column directions in accordance with unit luminous regions. The position alignment-use rib 20 is formed on the rear glass substrate, and is positioned in cell Ca which is positioned at the outside of the display region of the plasma display panel within spaces partitioned by the partition 15.

Abstract: A plasma panel includes a front faceplate and a rear faceplate between which are constituted cells. The two faceplates are assembled together by bracing means which determine the distance between the two faceplates. The plasma panel further includes barriers arranged between the two faceplates, and serving in particular to prevent the discharges of one cell from extending to the other neighboring cells. The invention is characterized in that the height of the barriers is less than the distance between the faceplates. This arrangement provides a conditioning effect to the cells to thereby enabling them to be activated more speedily. The invention is in particular applicable to plasma panels using luminophores of different colours.

Abstract: A display includes a baseplate and an emitter formed on the baseplate. The display also includes a faceplate having a cathodoluminescent coating on a surface facing the baseplate and the emitter. A plurality of spacers separate the faceplate and the baseplate to prevent bowing of the faceplate or the baseplate towards each other. The spacers are formed from silicon, simplifying field emission device assembly and resulting in a superior display.

Abstract: A glass spacer for an electron-beam emitting display device is composed of non alkaline glass having almost the same linear expansion coefficient as that of soda-lime-silica glass includes. The glass consists of SiO2 with 10 to 35 percent by mass, RO, in which “R” refers to an alkaline earth metal, with 20 to 60 percent by mass, B2O3 with 9 to 30 percent by mass and Al2O3 with 0 to 10 percent by mass, and which is substantially free of alkali. The linear expansion coefficient of the glass spacer is in a range from 76×10−7/° C. to 92×10−7/° C. The glass spacer may further includes La2O3 with 0 to 30 percent by mass, ZnO with 0 to 8 percent by mass and TiO2 with 0 to 5 percent by mass.